Al-Hadi Ghalib (1823 – September 30, 1885) was an Imam of the Zaidi state in Yemen who ruled in 1851-1852, and made subsequent periodical claims to the imamate up to the Ottoman intervention in 1872.
Ghalib bin Muhammad bin Yahya was the son of Imam al-Mutawakkil Muhammad. When his father was imprisoned and murdered in 1849, Ghalib managed to escape. He took refuge with the Dhu Muhammad and Dhu Husayn tribes.[1] In the following years a number of claimants to the position of imam appeared in the Yemeni highlands. In order to settle the uneasy matter a meeting was convened in 1851 at Al Rawdah, north of the capital San'a. The claimants agreed to accept whoever was appointed. Ghalib was one of those present, and was appointed under the name al-Hadi Ghalib. During his short imamate he entertained contacts with the Ottomans, who occupied the Yemeni lowlands (Tihamah). He took a submissive position vis-à-vis the Porte.[2]
Chaos and Ottoman takeoveredit
His reign was turbulent, since fighting broke out with a rival called Abbas. They each held a part of San'a. In view of the civil strife, many ulema left for other cities. In 1852, finally, al-Hadi Ghalib had to leave San'a and the inhabitants chose a governor (wali), the shaykh Ahmad al-Haymi. According to the British political agent R.L. Playfair, he was once again acknowledged in name around 1858.[3] Governor al-Haymi was counted as his wazir.[4]
Nevertheless, when al-Hadi Ghalib tried to enter San'a in 1857/58, the gates were closed in his face. The imam and his followers besieged San'a, but governor al-Haymi thwarted his ambitions. In the following year, al-Haymi, increasingly impopular among the city dwellers, was forced to flee San'a. The city was subsequently governed by another wali, Muhsin Mu'id, in 1860-1872.[5] By the early 1870s Muhsin Mu'id expelled the current imam al-Mutawakkil al-Muhsin and once again elevated al-Hadi Ghalib to the dignity.
In the meantime, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 gave a new impetus to the Turks to take a steadier grip on Yemen, in order to counter British influence among the tribes of the region. The new imam and Muhsin Mu'id found reason to take on a welcoming attitude to the Turks, who marched into San'a in April 1872. With these events the Zaidi state founded in 1597 was terminated, although it arose again several decades later. Turkish administration was introduced and the impoverished imam was forbidden to mix with the chiefs.[6] He subsequently lived on a monthly salary provided by the Ottoman authorities, until his death in Al Rawdah, just to the north of San'a, in 1885.[7]
hadi, ghalib, 1823, september, 1885, imam, zaidi, state, yemen, ruled, 1851, 1852, made, subsequent, periodical, claims, imamate, ottoman, intervention, 1872, contents, rivalry, imamate, chaos, ottoman, takeover, also, referencesrivalry, imamate, editghalib, m. Al Hadi Ghalib 1823 September 30 1885 was an Imam of the Zaidi state in Yemen who ruled in 1851 1852 and made subsequent periodical claims to the imamate up to the Ottoman intervention in 1872 Contents 1 Rivalry for the imamate 2 Chaos and Ottoman takeover 3 See also 4 ReferencesRivalry for the imamate editGhalib bin Muhammad bin Yahya was the son of Imam al Mutawakkil Muhammad When his father was imprisoned and murdered in 1849 Ghalib managed to escape He took refuge with the Dhu Muhammad and Dhu Husayn tribes 1 In the following years a number of claimants to the position of imam appeared in the Yemeni highlands In order to settle the uneasy matter a meeting was convened in 1851 at Al Rawdah north of the capital San a The claimants agreed to accept whoever was appointed Ghalib was one of those present and was appointed under the name al Hadi Ghalib During his short imamate he entertained contacts with the Ottomans who occupied the Yemeni lowlands Tihamah He took a submissive position vis a vis the Porte 2 Chaos and Ottoman takeover editHis reign was turbulent since fighting broke out with a rival called Abbas They each held a part of San a In view of the civil strife many ulema left for other cities In 1852 finally al Hadi Ghalib had to leave San a and the inhabitants chose a governor wali the shaykh Ahmad al Haymi According to the British political agent R L Playfair he was once again acknowledged in name around 1858 3 Governor al Haymi was counted as his wazir 4 Nevertheless when al Hadi Ghalib tried to enter San a in 1857 58 the gates were closed in his face The imam and his followers besieged San a but governor al Haymi thwarted his ambitions In the following year al Haymi increasingly impopular among the city dwellers was forced to flee San a The city was subsequently governed by another wali Muhsin Mu id in 1860 1872 5 By the early 1870s Muhsin Mu id expelled the current imam al Mutawakkil al Muhsin and once again elevated al Hadi Ghalib to the dignity In the meantime the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 gave a new impetus to the Turks to take a steadier grip on Yemen in order to counter British influence among the tribes of the region The new imam and Muhsin Mu id found reason to take on a welcoming attitude to the Turks who marched into San a in April 1872 With these events the Zaidi state founded in 1597 was terminated although it arose again several decades later Turkish administration was introduced and the impoverished imam was forbidden to mix with the chiefs 6 He subsequently lived on a monthly salary provided by the Ottoman authorities until his death in Al Rawdah just to the north of San a in 1885 7 See also editHistory of Yemen Imams of YemenReferences edit R L Playfair A History of Arabia Felix or Yemen Bombay 1859 p 155 Caesar E Farah The Sultan s Yemen 19th Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule London 2002 p 58 R L Playfair A History of Arabia Felix or Yemen Bombay 1859 p 30 R B Serjeant amp R Lewcock San a An Arabian Islamic City London 1983 p 90 R B Serjeant amp R Lewcock 1983 pp 90 91 R B Serjeant amp R Lewcock p 92 Caesar E Farah pp 82 85 Zaidi biographies in http www al aalam com personinfo asp pid 4236 Archived 2011 07 07 at the Wayback Machine in Arabic Preceded byal Mansur Ali II Zaydi Imam of Yemen1851 1852 Succeeded byal Mansur Muhammad bin Abdallah Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Hadi Ghalib amp oldid 1171606341, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
