Agathidines are among the larger braconids, and diurnal members of this subfamily are often brightly patterned. They belong to the noncyclostome group.[citation needed] Several genera, such as Agathis and Cremnops, and Disophrys, are characterized by elongate genae.[2]
Distributionedit
They are found worldwide, but are more diverse in the tropics.[1]
Biologyedit
All Agathidinae are koinobiont endoparasitoids of caterpillars. Most attack concealed caterpillars, such as those that use silk to tie leaves together. Most are solitary, laying only one egg in each host caterpillar. Some species are nocturnal, with pale coloration and large ocelli.[3]
Taxonomy and phylogenyedit
The first attempt at a tribal arrangement for Agathidinae consisted of 2 tribes, Agathidini and Microdini. Sharkey revised the tribes in 1992 and considered 5 tribes, adding Cremnoptini, Disophrini, and Earini. The Microdini, then treated as Eumicrodini, was synonymized under Agathidini by Simbolotti and van Achterberg in 1999 to render 4 tribes. Phylogenetic analysis by Sharkey and Chapman in 2017 revealed that 4 tribes were insufficient and instead divided the subfamily into 7 tribes. They further found that the genera Asperagathis, Bassus, and Zosteragathis were not monophyletic. One problematic species, the Nearctic Bassus annulipes, was found to represent a complex of species. Further, Bassus annulipes was rendered under the tribe Lytopylini while the Old World species fell under Agathidini.[4]
Undescribed genus (former Bassus annulipes group)[4]
Galleryedit
Agathidini - Alabagrus texanus
Agathirsini - Agathirsia sp.
Cremnoptini - Megalagathis sp.
Disophrini - Coccygidium sp.
Earini - Earinus elator
Lytopylini - Lytopylus sp.
Mesocoelini - Therophilus sp.
Referencesedit
^ ab Sharkey, Michael J. (1997). "Agathidinae". In Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (eds.). Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera)(PDF). Washington DC: The International Society of Hymenopterists. p. 69.
^ Sharkey, Michael J.; Laurenne, Nina M.; Sharanowski, Barbara; Quicke, Donald L. J.; Murray, Debra (2006). "Revision of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with comparisons of static and dynamic alignments". Cladistics. 22 (6): 546–567. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00121.x. PMID 34892897.
^ ab Sharkey, Michael (2006). (PDF). Zootaxa. 1185: 37–51. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1185.1.3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2017-06-14.
^ abc Sharkey, Michael J.; Chapman, Eric G. (2017). "Phylogeny of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with a Revised Tribal Classification and the Description of a New Genus". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 119 (sp1): 823–842. doi:10.4289/0013-8797.119.SpecialIssue.823.
^ Sharkey, Michael J.; Baker, Austin; Manjunath, Ramya; Hebert, Paul D.N. (2022). "Description of Chilearinus Sharkey gen. nov. and status of Nearctic Earinus Wesmael, 1837 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) with the description of new species". ZooKeys (1099): 57–86. Bibcode:2022ZooK.1099...57S. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1099.81473. PMID 36761440.
External linksedit
Photos on BugGuide
DNA barcodes at BOLD systems
This Ichneumonoidea-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
agathidinae, subfamily, braconid, parasitoid, wasps, some, species, have, been, used, biological, control, programs, female, unidentified, genus, with, elongate, gena, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animalia, phylum, arthropoda, class,. Agathidinae is a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps Some species have been used in biological control programs 1 Agathidinae Female of an unidentified genus with elongate gena Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Hymenoptera Family Braconidae Subfamily Agathidinae Tribes Agathidini Agathirsini Cremnoptini Disophrini Earinini Lytopylini Mesocoelini Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Biology 4 Taxonomy and phylogeny 5 Genera 5 1 Tribe Agathidini Haliday 1833 5 2 Tribe Agathirsini Sharkey 2017 5 3 Tribe Cremnoptini Sharkey 1992 5 4 Tribe Disophrini Sharkey 1992 5 5 Tribe Earinini Sharkey 1992 5 6 Tribe Lytopylini Sharkey 2017 5 7 Tribe Mesocoelini Achterberg 1990 6 Gallery 7 References 8 External linksDescription editAgathidines are among the larger braconids and diurnal members of this subfamily are often brightly patterned They belong to the noncyclostome group citation needed Several genera such as Agathis and Cremnops and Disophrys are characterized by elongate genae 2 Distribution editThey are found worldwide but are more diverse in the tropics 1 Biology editAll Agathidinae are koinobiont endoparasitoids of caterpillars Most attack concealed caterpillars such as those that use silk to tie leaves together Most are solitary laying only one egg in each host caterpillar Some species are nocturnal with pale coloration and large ocelli 3 Taxonomy and phylogeny editThe first attempt at a tribal arrangement for Agathidinae consisted of 2 tribes Agathidini and Microdini Sharkey revised the tribes in 1992 and considered 5 tribes adding Cremnoptini Disophrini and Earini The Microdini then treated as Eumicrodini was synonymized under Agathidini by Simbolotti and van Achterberg in 1999 to render 4 tribes Phylogenetic analysis by Sharkey and Chapman in 2017 revealed that 4 tribes were insufficient and instead divided the subfamily into 7 tribes They further found that the genera Asperagathis Bassus and Zosteragathis were not monophyletic One problematic species the Nearctic Bassus annulipes was found to represent a complex of species Further Bassus annulipes was rendered under the tribe Lytopylini while the Old World species fell under Agathidini 4 Genera editThe 63 genera placed here include 3 4 Tribe Agathidini Haliday 1833 edit Aerophilus Szepligeti 1902 Agathacrista Sharkey 2013 Agathigma Sharkey 2017 Agathis Latreille 1804 Alabagrus Enderlein 1920 Aphelagathis Sharkey 2015 Asperagathis Sharkey 2017 Bassus Fabricius 1804 polyphyletic Braunsia Kriechbaumer 1894 Camptothlipsis Enderlein 1920 Chimaeragathis Sharkey 2017 Cymagathis Sharkey 2017 Gyragathis van Achterberg amp Long 2010 Ischnagathis Cameron 1909 Leuroagathis Sharkey 2017 Liragathis Sharkey 2017 Neothlipsis Sharkey Parys amp Clutts 2011 Pharpa Sharkey 1986 Plesiocoelus van Achterberg 1990 Pneumagathis Sharkey 2015 Scabagathis Sharkey 2017 Trachagathis Viereck 1913 Trochantagathis Sharkey 2017 Xanthagathis Sharkey 2017 Zamicrodus Viereck 1912 Zosteragathis Sharkey 2017 Tribe Agathirsini Sharkey 2017 edit Agathirsia Westwood 1882 Crassomicrodus Ashmead 1900 Gelastagathis Sharkey 2015 Marjoriella Sharkey 1983 Tribe Cremnoptini Sharkey 1992 edit Cremnops Foerster 1862 Cremnoptoides van Achterberg amp Chen 2004 Hyrtanommatium Enderlein 1920 Labagathis Enderlein 1920 Megalagathis Schulz 1906 Mesoagathis Cameron 1905 Zacremnops Sharkey amp Wharton 1985 Tribe Disophrini Sharkey 1992 edit Coccygidium Saussure 1892 Coronagathis van Achterberg amp Long 2010 Disophrys Forster 1863 Euagathis Szepligeti 1900 Gyrochus Enderlein 1920 Hemichoma Enderlein 1920 Hypsostypos Baltazar 1963 Liopisa Enderlein 1920 Macroagathis Szepligeti 1908 Monophrys van Achterberg 1988 Oreba Cameron 1900 Pelmagathis Enderlein 1920 Protroticus van Achterberg 1988 Troticus Brulle 1846 Zelodia van Achterberg 2010 Zelomorpha Ashmead 1900 Tribe Earinini Sharkey 1992 edit Chilearinus Sharkey 2022 5 Earinus Wesmael 1837 Tribe Lytopylini Sharkey 2017 edit Amputoearinus Sharkey 2006 Austroearinus Sharkey 2006 Lytopylus Forster 1862 Sesioctonus Viereck 1912 Smithagathis Sharkey 2017 Tribe Mesocoelini Achterberg 1990 edit Aneurobracon Brues 1930 formerly in Orgilinae Mesocoelus Schulz 1911 formerly in Orgilinae Therophilus Wesmael 1837 Undescribed genus former Bassus annulipes group 4 Gallery edit nbsp Agathidini Alabagrus texanus nbsp Agathirsini Agathirsia sp nbsp Cremnoptini Megalagathis sp nbsp Disophrini Coccygidium sp nbsp Earini Earinus elator nbsp Lytopylini Lytopylus sp nbsp Mesocoelini Therophilus sp References edit a b Sharkey Michael J 1997 Agathidinae In Wharton Robert A Marsh Paul M Sharkey Michael J eds Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae Hymenoptera PDF Washington DC The International Society of Hymenopterists p 69 Sharkey Michael J Laurenne Nina M Sharanowski Barbara Quicke Donald L J Murray Debra 2006 Revision of the Agathidinae Hymenoptera Braconidae with comparisons of static and dynamic alignments Cladistics 22 6 546 567 doi 10 1111 j 1096 0031 2006 00121 x PMID 34892897 a b Sharkey Michael 2006 Two new genera of Agathidinae Hymenoptera Braconidae with a key to the genera of the New World PDF Zootaxa 1185 37 51 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 1185 1 3 Archived from the original PDF on 2020 09 22 Retrieved 2017 06 14 a b c Sharkey Michael J Chapman Eric G 2017 Phylogeny of the Agathidinae Hymenoptera Braconidae with a Revised Tribal Classification and the Description of a New Genus Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 119 sp1 823 842 doi 10 4289 0013 8797 119 SpecialIssue 823 Sharkey Michael J Baker Austin Manjunath Ramya Hebert Paul D N 2022 Description of Chilearinus Sharkey gen nov and status of Nearctic Earinus Wesmael 1837 Braconidae Agathidinae with the description of new species ZooKeys 1099 57 86 Bibcode 2022ZooK 1099 57S doi 10 3897 zookeys 1099 81473 PMID 36761440 External links editPhotos on BugGuide DNA barcodes at BOLD systems nbsp This Ichneumonoidea related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Agathidinae amp oldid 1220920695, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
