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Adriano in Siria

December 14, 2023

Adriano in Siria (Hadrian in Syria) is a libretto by Italian poet Metastasio first performed, with music by Antonio Caldara, in Vienna in 1732, and turned into an opera by at least 60 other composers during the next century.[1][2] Metastasio based the background of the story on late Classical works by Cassius Dio (Book 19 of the Roman History) and Elio Sparziano (Vita Hadriani Caesaris).[3]

Metastasio by Batoni
Title page of a 1752 version of the libretto, for the performance in Dresden of the Johann Adolph Hasse opera

The aria Che fa il mio bene? also known as L'amante impaziente, sung by the character Emirena, was set to music by Ludwig van Beethoven in his Opus 82: 4 Arietten und ein Duett.[3]

Performances edit

 
Bust of Sabina (Collection of the Getty Center, Los Angeles)

The libretto was composed for Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor and premiered in the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna on 4 November 1732.[4] The scenes were designed by Antonio Galli da Bibiena (1697–1774). A revised version was first performed in 1733, with music by Giacomelli.[5]

Some of the later operas based on this libretto were also created for royal festivities: the version by Pergolesi was intended for the birthday of Elisabeth Farnese, the Queen of Spain, and premiered at the Teatro San Bartolomeo in Naples on 25 October 1734, with the castrato Caffarelli singing the part of Farnaspe, which was radically altered from the first version of just two years earlier. In the yet again altered version of 1735 by Francesco Maria Veracini, written for the short-lived but ambitious Opera of the Nobility in London, the same role was sung by Farinelli, joined in an all-star cast by Senesino, Francesca Cuzzoni and Antonio Montagnana (Burden 2007, 31). George Frederic Handel was present at the premiere in Haymarket Theatre. Charles Jennens liked the opera and ordered a score; Lord Hervey, not known for his musical perception, and Henry Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth were bored (Dean 2006, 278–79; Van Til 2007, 121). However, the work enjoyed a run of twenty performances over six months (Helyard 2000).

In 1768–69, Ignaz Holzbauer also composed an opera based on the libretto by Metastasio, this time to be performed at the royal wedding between Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and Frederick Augustus I of Saxony on 29 January 1769. The 1765 version by Johann Christian Bach, while not especially created for a royal occasion, was even visited twice by George III of the United Kingdom and his wife Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz when it was performed in London in 1765.[4][6]

As a royalist or even imperialist opera, it was badly received by Republicans and revolutionaries. In 1792, Étienne Méhul had finished his version Adrien with a libretto by François-Benoît Hoffman based on Metastasio; it was set to premier at the Paris Opera on 6 March 1792, but the Commune opposed it, as the opera was written by an Austrian (Anti-Austrian sentiments were running high at the time and France would declare war on Austria the next month), and the theme was imperialistic, which went against the ideals of the French Revolution. The premier was postponed for a week, and Hoffman defended his work in an open letter, but to no avail, as the work was banned on 12 March 1792.[7] It finally premiered in 1799, but was again shut down by the Directory after four performances.[8]

Roles edit

 
Parthian Empire
  • Adriano: governor of Syria, in love with Emirena
  • Emirena: prisoner of Adriano, in love with Farnaspe
  • Farnaspe: friend of Osroa and prince of the Parths, in love with and betrothed to Emirena
  • Osroa: King of the Parthian Empire, father of Emirena
  • Sabina: in love with and betrothed to Adriano
  • Aquilio: tribune, friend of Adriano and secretly in love with Sabina

Synopsis edit

Set in Antioch against the historic background of the time the future Roman Emperor Hadrian spent as Governor of Syria, it tells a fictional love story, where the virtue of Adriano is tested by his infatuation with Emirena, a Parthian princess, both before and after his marriage to Sabina. One of the subplots in the story is the attempt by Osroa to kill Adriano in a fire. Eventually, all ends well, Osroa is spared, Farnaspe marries Emirena, and Adriano returns to the love of his wife Sabina.[6]

Operas based on the Metastasio libretto edit

References edit

  1. ^ Pajares Alonso, Roberto L. (2010). Historia de la música en 6 bloques, Volume 2 (in Spanish). Visión Libros. p. 152. ISBN 9788499833439.
  2. ^ Kennedy, Michael (2003). Words on Music: Essays in Honor of Andrew Porter. Pendragon. p. 182. ISBN 9781576470916.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Metastasio, Pietro (3 January 2011). "Adriano in Siria". In Lavezzi, Gianfranca (ed.). Melodrammi e arie. Bur. ISBN 9788858614198.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Feldman, Martha (2010). Opera and Sovereignty: Transforming Myths in Eighteenth-Century Italy. University of Chicago. p. 258. ISBN 9780226044545.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Holmes, William (1994). Opera Observed: Views of a Florentine Impresario in the Early Eighteenth Century. University of Chicago. ISBN 9780226349718.
  6. ^ a b c Bagnoli, Giorgio (1993). The La Scala Encyclopedia of the Opera. Simon and Schuster. p. 10. ISBN 9780671870423.
  7. ^ Darlow, Mark (2012). "Censorship at the Opéra: the controversy over Adrien". Staging the French Revolution: Cultural Politics and the Paris Opera, 1789–1794. Oxford University. ISBN 9780199773725.
  8. ^ Abraham, Gerald (1982). The Age of Beethoven, 1790–1830. Oxford University. p. 71. ISBN 9780193163089.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Clément, Félix; Larousse, Pierre (1869). Dictionnaire lyrique: ou, Histoire des opéras contenant l'analyse et la nomenclature de tous les opéras et opéras-comiques représentés en France et à l'étranger depuis l'origine de ce genre d'ouvrages jusqu'à nos jours (in French). Administration du Grand dictionnaire universel. p. 8.
  10. ^ Adriano in Siria. Carlo Buonarrigo. 1733. p. 7. metastasio adriano.
  11. ^ a b Sadie, Julie Anne, ed. (1998). Companion to Baroque Music. Oxford University Press. p. 49. ISBN 9780198167044.
  12. ^ barbier, Patrick (1995). Farinelli (in French). Grasset. ISBN 9782246484097.
  13. ^ Franchi, Saverio. Drammaturgia romana, vol. II, (1701-1750) (in Italian). Ed. di Storia e Letteratura. p. 287. ISBN 9788863723366.
  14. ^ Rudhart, Franz Michael (1865). Geschichte der Oper am Hofe zu München, Volume 1 (in German). Datterer. p. 127.
  15. ^ Pajares Alonso, Roberto L. (2010). Historia de la música en 6 bloques, Volume 2 (in Spanish). Visión Libros. p. 162. ISBN 9788499833439.
  16. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  17. ^ "SearchWorks". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  18. ^ a b c d e f Selfridge-Field, Eleanor (2007). A New Chronology of Venetian Opera and Related Genres, 1660-1760. Stanford University. p. 511. ISBN 9780804744379.
  19. ^ a b c d Lütteken, Laurenz; Splitt, Gerhard, eds. (2002). Metastasio im Deutschland der Aufklärung (in German). Walter de Gruyter. p. 71. ISBN 9783110927146.
  20. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  21. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  22. ^ Metastasio (1750). Adriano in Syria. Opera. London: G. Woodfall.
  23. ^ Metastasio, Pietro (1750). Adriano in Siria. Milan: Giuseppe Richino Malatesta.
  24. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  25. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  26. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  27. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  28. ^ Gluck, Christoph Willibald Ritter von (2007). Orfeo ed Euridice (in Italian). Pendragon. p. 37. ISBN 9788883425516.
  29. ^ Metastasio (1757). Adriano in Siria. Madrid.
  30. ^ Metastasio, Pietro (1755). Adriano in Siria. Monaco: Giovanni Vötter.
  31. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  32. ^ a b The Quarterly Musical Magazine and Review. Baldwin, Cradock and Joy. 1823. p. 306. riccardo broschi adriano.
  33. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  34. ^ Howard, Patricia (2014). The Modern Castrato: Gaetano Guadagni and the Coming of a New Operatic Age. Oxford University. p. 86. ISBN 9780199365203.
  35. ^ "SearchWorks". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  36. ^ Adriano en Siria. Barcelona: Francisco Generas. 1763. p. 14.
  37. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  38. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  39. ^ Cannabich, Christian (1999). Ballet music from the Mannheim court. A-R Editions. p. ix. ISBN 9780895794192.
  40. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  41. ^ SearchWorks. Italian opera, 1640-1770. Stanford University Libraries. 1978. ISBN 9780824026486. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  42. ^ Metastasio, Pietro (1769). L'Adriano in Siria. Naples: Francesco Morelli.
  43. ^ "SearchWorks". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  44. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  45. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  46. ^ SearchWorks. Drammaturgia musicale veneta. Stanford University Libraries. 1983. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  47. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  48. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  49. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  50. ^ Pajares Alonso, Roberto L. (2010). Historia de la música en 6 bloques, Volume 2 (in Spanish). Visión Libros. p. 221. ISBN 9788499833439.
  51. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  52. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  53. ^ "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres". Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2014.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Adriano in Siria at Wikimedia Commons

December 14, 2023
adriano, siria, hadrian, syria, libretto, italian, poet, metastasio, first, performed, with, music, antonio, caldara, vienna, 1732, turned, into, opera, least, other, composers, during, next, century, metastasio, based, background, story, late, classical, work. Adriano in Siria Hadrian in Syria is a libretto by Italian poet Metastasio first performed with music by Antonio Caldara in Vienna in 1732 and turned into an opera by at least 60 other composers during the next century 1 2 Metastasio based the background of the story on late Classical works by Cassius Dio Book 19 of the Roman History and Elio Sparziano Vita Hadriani Caesaris 3 Metastasio by BatoniTitle page of a 1752 version of the libretto for the performance in Dresden of the Johann Adolph Hasse operaThe aria Che fa il mio bene also known as L amante impaziente sung by the character Emirena was set to music by Ludwig van Beethoven in his Opus 82 4 Arietten und ein Duett 3 Contents 1 Performances 2 Roles 3 Synopsis 4 Operas based on the Metastasio libretto 5 References 6 External linksPerformances edit nbsp Bust of Sabina Collection of the Getty Center Los Angeles The libretto was composed for Charles VI Holy Roman Emperor and premiered in the Theater am Karntnertor in Vienna on 4 November 1732 4 The scenes were designed by Antonio Galli da Bibiena 1697 1774 A revised version was first performed in 1733 with music by Giacomelli 5 Some of the later operas based on this libretto were also created for royal festivities the version by Pergolesi was intended for the birthday of Elisabeth Farnese the Queen of Spain and premiered at the Teatro San Bartolomeo in Naples on 25 October 1734 with the castrato Caffarelli singing the part of Farnaspe which was radically altered from the first version of just two years earlier In the yet again altered version of 1735 by Francesco Maria Veracini written for the short lived but ambitious Opera of the Nobility in London the same role was sung by Farinelli joined in an all star cast by Senesino Francesca Cuzzoni and Antonio Montagnana Burden 2007 31 George Frederic Handel was present at the premiere in Haymarket Theatre Charles Jennens liked the opera and ordered a score Lord Hervey not known for his musical perception and Henry Liddell 1st Baron Ravensworth were bored Dean 2006 278 79 Van Til 2007 121 However the work enjoyed a run of twenty performances over six months Helyard 2000 In 1768 69 Ignaz Holzbauer also composed an opera based on the libretto by Metastasio this time to be performed at the royal wedding between Amalie of Zweibrucken Birkenfeld and Frederick Augustus I of Saxony on 29 January 1769 The 1765 version by Johann Christian Bach while not especially created for a royal occasion was even visited twice by George III of the United Kingdom and his wife Charlotte of Mecklenburg Strelitz when it was performed in London in 1765 4 6 As a royalist or even imperialist opera it was badly received by Republicans and revolutionaries In 1792 Etienne Mehul had finished his version Adrien with a libretto by Francois Benoit Hoffman based on Metastasio it was set to premier at the Paris Opera on 6 March 1792 but the Commune opposed it as the opera was written by an Austrian Anti Austrian sentiments were running high at the time and France would declare war on Austria the next month and the theme was imperialistic which went against the ideals of the French Revolution The premier was postponed for a week and Hoffman defended his work in an open letter but to no avail as the work was banned on 12 March 1792 7 It finally premiered in 1799 but was again shut down by the Directory after four performances 8 Roles edit nbsp Parthian EmpireAdriano governor of Syria in love with Emirena Emirena prisoner of Adriano in love with Farnaspe Farnaspe friend of Osroa and prince of the Parths in love with and betrothed to Emirena Osroa King of the Parthian Empire father of Emirena Sabina in love with and betrothed to Adriano Aquilio tribune friend of Adriano and secretly in love with SabinaSynopsis editSet in Antioch against the historic background of the time the future Roman Emperor Hadrian spent as Governor of Syria it tells a fictional love story where the virtue of Adriano is tested by his infatuation with Emirena a Parthian princess both before and after his marriage to Sabina One of the subplots in the story is the attempt by Osroa to kill Adriano in a fire Eventually all ends well Osroa is spared Farnaspe marries Emirena and Adriano returns to the love of his wife Sabina 6 Operas based on the Metastasio libretto edit1732 Antonio Caldara 3 9 1733 Geminiano Giacomelli 5 10 1734 Giovanni Battista Pergolesi Adriano in Siria 3 4 11 1734 Pietro Giuseppe Sandoni 5 1735 Francesco Maria Veracini adaptation of the libretto by Angelo Cori 4 11 1735 Riccardo Broschi 12 1736 Egidio Duni 9 13 1737 Giovanni Battista Ferrandini 9 14 1737 Jose de Nebra Adriano en Siria o Mas gloria es triunfar de si 15 1737 Giovanni Porta 16 1739 Giovanni Alberto Ristori 5 17 1740 Baldassare Galuppi 5 6 1740 Michele Caballone 9 1740 Giovanni Battista Lampugnani 5 1740 Antonio Giai 18 1745 Giovanni Verocai Die getreue Emirena Parthische Prinzessin 19 1745 Carl Heinrich Graun Artabanus 9 19 1746 Girolamo Abos 9 1746 Paolo Scalabrini 20 1747 Gaetano Latilla 21 1747 48 Vincenzo Legrenzio Ciampi 9 18 22 1750 Ignazio Fiorillo 19 1750 Giovan Battista Pescetti 3 1750 Antonio Gaetano Pampani 23 24 1751 Andrea Adolfati 9 25 1752 Giuseppe Scarlatti 9 18 1752 Johann Adolph Hasse 9 19 1752 Davide Perez 9 26 1753 Michelangelo Valentini 27 1753 Giuseppe Scolari 28 1754 Nicola Conforto 29 1755 Andrea Bernasconi 9 30 31 1756 Rinaldo di Capua 32 1757 Francesco Uttini 33 1757 Francesco Brusa 3 18 1758 Giovanni Battista Borghi 34 1758 Baldassare Galuppi second version 9 18 1760 Antonio Maria Mazzoni 18 1762 Johann Gottfried Schwanenberger 9 1762 Giuseppe Colla 35 1763 Gregorio Sciroli 36 1764 Marian Wimmer 37 1765 Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi 9 38 1765 Johann Christian Bach 3 4 9 1768 Ignaz Holzbauer 4 9 39 1768 Hieronymus Mango 40 1769 Gian Francesco de Majo 9 41 1769 Carlo Monza 42 43 1770 Antonio Sacchini 3 9 1770 Antonio Tozzi 44 1773 Giacomo Insanguine 32 1775 Gaetano Monti 45 1776 Josef Myslivecek Adriano in Siria 9 1777 Pasquale Anfossi 46 1778 Giuseppe Sarti 3 1779 Felice Alessandri 47 1781 Giacomo Rust 48 1782 Luigi Cherubini 3 9 1788 Jakob Friedrich Gauss Hadrian in Syrien 49 1789 Sebastiano Nasolini 9 1798 Simon Mayr 9 50 1799 Etienne Mehul Adrien libretto by Francois Benoit Hoffman adapted from Metastasio 51 1807 Joseph Weigl Kaiser Hadrian 52 1811 Vincento Migliorucci 9 1813 Marcos Portugal 9 53 1815 Giuseppe Farinelli 3 9 1821 Pietro Airoldi 9 1828 Saverio Mercadante 3 References edit Pajares Alonso Roberto L 2010 Historia de la musica en 6 bloques Volume 2 in Spanish Vision Libros p 152 ISBN 9788499833439 Kennedy Michael 2003 Words on Music Essays in Honor of Andrew Porter Pendragon p 182 ISBN 9781576470916 a b c d e f g h i j k l Metastasio Pietro 3 January 2011 Adriano in Siria In Lavezzi Gianfranca ed Melodrammi e arie Bur ISBN 9788858614198 a b c d e f Feldman Martha 2010 Opera and Sovereignty Transforming Myths in Eighteenth Century Italy University of Chicago p 258 ISBN 9780226044545 a b c d e f Holmes William 1994 Opera Observed Views of a Florentine Impresario in the Early Eighteenth Century University of Chicago ISBN 9780226349718 a b c Bagnoli Giorgio 1993 The La Scala Encyclopedia of the Opera Simon and Schuster p 10 ISBN 9780671870423 Darlow Mark 2012 Censorship at the Opera the controversy over Adrien Staging the French Revolution Cultural Politics and the Paris Opera 1789 1794 Oxford University ISBN 9780199773725 Abraham Gerald 1982 The Age of Beethoven 1790 1830 Oxford University p 71 ISBN 9780193163089 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Clement Felix Larousse Pierre 1869 Dictionnaire lyrique ou Histoire des operas contenant l analyse et la nomenclature de tous les operas et operas comiques representes en France et a l etranger depuis l origine de ce genre d ouvrages jusqu a nos jours in French Administration du Grand dictionnaire universel p 8 Adriano in Siria Carlo Buonarrigo 1733 p 7 metastasio adriano a b Sadie Julie Anne ed 1998 Companion to Baroque Music Oxford University Press p 49 ISBN 9780198167044 barbier Patrick 1995 Farinelli in French Grasset ISBN 9782246484097 Franchi Saverio Drammaturgia romana vol II 1701 1750 in Italian Ed di Storia e Letteratura p 287 ISBN 9788863723366 Rudhart Franz Michael 1865 Geschichte der Oper am Hofe zu Munchen Volume 1 in German Datterer p 127 Pajares Alonso Roberto L 2010 Historia de la musica en 6 bloques Volume 2 in Spanish Vision Libros p 162 ISBN 9788499833439 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 SearchWorks Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 31 October 2014 a b c d e f Selfridge Field Eleanor 2007 A New Chronology of Venetian Opera and Related Genres 1660 1760 Stanford University p 511 ISBN 9780804744379 a b c d Lutteken Laurenz Splitt Gerhard eds 2002 Metastasio im Deutschland der Aufklarung in German Walter de Gruyter p 71 ISBN 9783110927146 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Metastasio 1750 Adriano in Syria Opera London G Woodfall Metastasio Pietro 1750 Adriano in Siria Milan Giuseppe Richino Malatesta Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Gluck Christoph Willibald Ritter von 2007 Orfeo ed Euridice in Italian Pendragon p 37 ISBN 9788883425516 Metastasio 1757 Adriano in Siria Madrid Metastasio Pietro 1755 Adriano in Siria Monaco Giovanni Votter Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 a b The Quarterly Musical Magazine and Review Baldwin Cradock and Joy 1823 p 306 riccardo broschi adriano Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Howard Patricia 2014 The Modern Castrato Gaetano Guadagni and the Coming of a New Operatic Age Oxford University p 86 ISBN 9780199365203 SearchWorks Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 31 October 2014 Adriano en Siria Barcelona Francisco Generas 1763 p 14 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Cannabich Christian 1999 Ballet music from the Mannheim court A R Editions p ix ISBN 9780895794192 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 SearchWorks Italian opera 1640 1770 Stanford University Libraries 1978 ISBN 9780824026486 Retrieved 31 October 2014 Metastasio Pietro 1769 L Adriano in Siria Naples Francesco Morelli SearchWorks Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 31 October 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 SearchWorks Drammaturgia musicale veneta Stanford University Libraries 1983 Retrieved 31 October 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Pajares Alonso Roberto L 2010 Historia de la musica en 6 bloques Volume 2 in Spanish Vision Libros p 221 ISBN 9788499833439 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 Opening Night Opera amp Oratorio Premieres Stanford University Libraries Retrieved 3 November 2014 External links edit nbsp Media related to Adriano in Siria at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Adriano in Siria amp oldid 1086133902, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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