Pope Adrian II (Latin: Adrianus II; also Hadrian II; 792 – 14 December 872) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 867 to his death. He continued the policy of his predecessor, Nicholas I. Despite seeking good relations with Louis II of Italy, he was placed under surveillance, and his wife and daughters were killed by Louis' supporters.
Adrian was a member of a noble Roman family, related to Popes Stephen IV and Sergius II.[2] In his youth, he married a woman named Stephania and had a daughter with her. Adrian later became a priest after having already been married.[3] Catholic priests had been required to abstain from all further sexual relations since the 4th century at the latest.[4]
Adrian was selected to become pope on 14 December 867. He was already at an advanced age, and objected to assuming the papacy.[3] His wife and daughter moved with him to the Lateran Palace.[5]
Pontificateedit
Adrian II maintained, but with less energy, the policies of his predecessor, Nicholas I. King Lothair II of Lotharingia, who died in 869, left Adrian to mediate between the Frankish kings with a view to secure the imperial inheritance to Lothair's brother, Louis II of Italy.[6] Adrian sought to maintain good relations with Louis, since the latter's campaigns in southern Italy had the potential to free the papacy from the threat posed by the Muslims.[7]
Adrian supported the work of Cyril and Methodius in Moravia, and authorized the use of the new Slavic liturgy. He subsequently ordained Methodius a priest. In 869, he consecrated Methodius archbishop and Metropolitan of Sirmium.[8]
Like Nicholas I, Adrian was forced to submit in temporal affairs to the interference of Emperor Louis II, who placed him under the surveillance of Bishop Arsenius of Orte, his confidential adviser, and Arsenius' nephew, Anastasius the Librarian.[6] Arsenius' son Eleutherius married Adrian's daughter, having withheld the fact that he was already espoused to another. In 868, he abducted and murdered Adrian's wife and daughter.[5] Eleutherius was condemned to death for his crimes.
Adrian died on 14 December 872, after exactly five years of pontificate.[6]
^Kleinhenz, Christopher (2 Aug 2004). "Hadrian II, Pope". Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN9781135948795. Hadrian sought to alienate no one in Rome, while also maintaining good relations with Louis II, whose campaigns in the south might free the papacy from the threat posed by the Muslims.
^"The Life of Methodius", Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes (Marvin Kantor) [Michigan Slavic Translation 5]. University of Michigan. (1983) p. 117. ISBN0-930042-44-1
Further readingedit
Dvornik, Francis (1948). The Photian Schism: History and Legend. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010). The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy. Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195372045.
External linksedit
Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes (in Latin)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Adrian s.v. II". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 215.
Loughlin, James Francis (1907). "Pope Adrian II" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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Pope Adrian II Latin Adrianus II also Hadrian II 792 14 December 872 was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 867 to his death He continued the policy of his predecessor Nicholas I Despite seeking good relations with Louis II of Italy he was placed under surveillance and his wife and daughters were killed by Louis supporters PopeAdrian IIBishop of RomeChurchCatholic ChurchPapacy began14 December 867 1 Papacy ended14 December 872PredecessorNicholas ISuccessorJohn VIIIPersonal detailsBorn792 0792 Rome Papal StatesDied14 December 872 872 12 14 aged 79 80 Rome Papal StatesSpouseStephaniaChildren1Other popes named Adrian Contents 1 Family 2 Pontificate 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksFamily editAdrian was a member of a noble Roman family related to Popes Stephen IV and Sergius II 2 In his youth he married a woman named Stephania and had a daughter with her Adrian later became a priest after having already been married 3 Catholic priests had been required to abstain from all further sexual relations since the 4th century at the latest 4 Adrian was selected to become pope on 14 December 867 He was already at an advanced age and objected to assuming the papacy 3 His wife and daughter moved with him to the Lateran Palace 5 Pontificate editAdrian II maintained but with less energy the policies of his predecessor Nicholas I King Lothair II of Lotharingia who died in 869 left Adrian to mediate between the Frankish kings with a view to secure the imperial inheritance to Lothair s brother Louis II of Italy 6 Adrian sought to maintain good relations with Louis since the latter s campaigns in southern Italy had the potential to free the papacy from the threat posed by the Muslims 7 Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople shortly after the council in which he had pronounced sentence of deposition against Pope Nicholas I was driven from the patriarchate by a new Byzantine emperor Basil the Macedonian who favoured Photius rival Ignatius The Fourth Council of Constantinople was convoked to decide this matter At this council Adrian was represented by legates who presided at the condemnation of Photius as a heretic but did not succeed in coming to an understanding with Ignatius on the subject of jurisdiction over the Bulgarian Church 6 Adrian supported the work of Cyril and Methodius in Moravia and authorized the use of the new Slavic liturgy He subsequently ordained Methodius a priest In 869 he consecrated Methodius archbishop and Metropolitan of Sirmium 8 Like Nicholas I Adrian was forced to submit in temporal affairs to the interference of Emperor Louis II who placed him under the surveillance of Bishop Arsenius of Orte his confidential adviser and Arsenius nephew Anastasius the Librarian 6 Arsenius son Eleutherius married Adrian s daughter having withheld the fact that he was already espoused to another In 868 he abducted and murdered Adrian s wife and daughter 5 Eleutherius was condemned to death for his crimes Adrian died on 14 December 872 after exactly five years of pontificate 6 nbsp Biography portal nbsp Christianity portal nbsp History portalReferences edit Adrian II The Holy See Mann Horace K The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages Vol II The Popes During the Carolingian Empire 795 858 1906 p 110 a b nbsp Loughlin James 1907 Pope Adrian II In Herbermann Charles ed Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 1 New York Robert Appleton Company Helen Parish 2016 Clerical Celibacy in the West C 1100 1700 Taylor and Francis pp 49 51 ISBN 9781317165163 a b Riche Pierre 1993 The Carolingians University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 9780812213423 a b c d Chisholm 1911 Kleinhenz Christopher 2 Aug 2004 Hadrian II Pope Medieval Italy An Encyclopedia Routledge ISBN 9781135948795 Hadrian sought to alienate no one in Rome while also maintaining good relations with Louis II whose campaigns in the south might free the papacy from the threat posed by the Muslims The Life of Methodius Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes Marvin Kantor Michigan Slavic Translation 5 University of Michigan 1983 p 117 ISBN 0 930042 44 1Further reading editDvornik Francis 1948 The Photian Schism History and Legend Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press Ostrogorsky George 1956 History of the Byzantine State Oxford Basil Blackwell Siecienski Anthony Edward 2010 The Filioque History of a Doctrinal Controversy Oxford University Press ISBN 9780195372045 External links editOpera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes in Latin nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Adrian s v II Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 1 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 215 Loughlin James Francis 1907 Pope Adrian II In Herbermann Charles ed Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 1 New York Robert Appleton Company Catholic Church titles Preceded byNicholas I Pope867 872 Succeeded byJohn VIII Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pope Adrian II amp oldid 1220407675, 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