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AHCC

August 29, 2023

AHCC is an alpha-glucan rich nutritional supplement produced from shiitake (Lentinula edodes). The product is a subject of research as a potential anti-cancer agent.[1] AHCC is a popular alternative medicine in Japan.[2]

Chemical structure of partially acylated α-1,4-glucan, the main polysaccharide in AHCC.
AHCC is a compound produced from Shiitake mushroom.

AHCC is a registered trademark of and manufactured by Amino Up Co., Ltd. in Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan.[3]

Development and Chemical composition Edit

AHCC was developed by Amino Up Co., LTD. and Dr. Toshihiko Okamoto (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo) in 1989.[4]

Polysaccharides form a large part of the composition of AHCC. These include beta-glucan (β-glucan) and partially acylated α-glucan. Partially acylated α-glucan, produced by the patented long term culturing process, is unique to AHCC. Approximately 20% of the make up of AHCC is α-glucans.[5]

Glucans are saccharides, of which some are known to have immune stimulating effects.[6]

Potential Mechanisms of Action Edit

The manufacturer of AHCC, Amino Up Co., Ltd., states that the culturing process utilized in its manufacture favors the release of small bioactive molecules that act as nontoxic agonists for toll-like receptors (TLRs), specifically TLR-4, initiating a systemic anti-inflammatory response.[7] AHCC is believed to bind to TLR-2 and TLR-4, and act as an immune modulator,[8] as Immune cells such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells will produce cytokines by either cytokine stimulation by dendritic cells or ligand binding to TLRs.[9]

Use in Integrative Medicine Edit

AHCC is widely used in the world and many people use it for general health maintenance and treatment of various diseases.

It is often used as a Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for immune support,[4] as reports in animal and clinical settings have indicated that AHCC is associated with an enhanced response to infection and increased survival.[10][11] AHCC is in some cases also used by those undergoing conventional cancer therapy (e.g. chemotherapy[5]) for its reported immunomodulatory functions.[12]

In Japan, AHCC is the 2nd most popular complementary and alternative medicine used by cancer patients. Agaricus blazei supplements are the most popular, outpacing AHCC use by a factor of 7:1.[2]

Research Edit

Laboratory research suggests AHCC may have immunostimulatory effects.

AHCC has been proposed as a treatment for cancer, but research into its effectiveness has produced only uncertain and inconclusive evidence.[1] Detailed research is needed into the pharmacology of AHCC before any recommendation of its use as an adjuvant therapy can be made.

Studies have suggested that AHCC supplementation may affect immune outcomes and immune cell populations, suggesting that it has anti-inflammatory effects.[13] Moreover, available data have demonstrated that AHCC may possibly reduce symptoms, improve survival, and shorten recovery time in animal models infected with viruses, bacteria, and fungal infections.[14][15]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b "AHCC". WebMD. from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  2. ^ a b Hyodo I, Amano N, Eguchi K (April 2005). "Nationwide survey on complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients in Japan". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23 (12): 2645–54. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.04.126. PMID 15728227.
  3. ^ "AHCC / A Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia – Amino Up". www.aminoup.co.jp. from the original on 2018-11-16. Retrieved 2018-11-16.
  4. ^ a b Anil D. Kulkarni; Philip Calder; Toshinori Ito (2016). Clinician's Guide to AHCC. International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine. ISBN 978-4-9909264-1-0.
  5. ^ a b Ito, Toshinori; Urushima, Hayato; Sakaue, Miki; Yukawa, Sayoko; Honda, Hatsumi; Hirai, Kei; Igura, Takumi; Hayashi, Noriyuki; Maeda, Kazuhisa (2014-03-10). "Reduction of Adverse Effects by a Mushroom Product, AHCC in Patients With Advanced Cancer During Chemotherapy—The Significance of the Levels of HHV-6 DNA in Saliva as a Surrogate Biomarker During Chemotherapy". Nutrition and Cancer. 66 (3): 377–382. doi:10.1080/01635581.2014.884232. ISSN 0163-5581. PMID 24611562. S2CID 22715995.
  6. ^ Fujii H, Nakagawa T: Novel substance having physiological activity, process for producing the same, and use, U.S. Patent Application Publication, Mar 6, 2003.
  7. ^ Mallet, Jean-François; Graham, Émilie; Ritz, Barry W.; Homma, Kohei; Matar, Chantal (2016-02-01). "AHCC promotes an intestinal immune response in BALB/c mice and in primary intestinal epithelial cell culture involving toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-4". European Journal of Nutrition. 55 (1): 139–146. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0832-2. ISSN 1436-6215. PMID 25596849. S2CID 24880929.
  8. ^ Mallet, Jean-François; Graham, Émilie; Ritz, Barry W.; Homma, Kohei; Matar, Chantal (2015-01-18). "AHCC promotes an intestinal immune response in BALB/c mice and in primary intestinal epithelial cell culture involving toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-4". European Journal of Nutrition. 55 (1): 139–146. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0832-2. ISSN 1436-6207. PMID 25596849. S2CID 24880929.
  9. ^ Zhinan Yin; Hajime Fujii; Thomas Walshe (August 2010). "Effects of AHCC on Frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Producing Interferon-γ and/or Tumor Necrosis factor-α in Healthy Adults". Human Immunology. 71 (12): 1187–1190. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2010.08.006. PMID 20732368.
  10. ^ Ritz, Barry W (2008-08-22). "Supplementation with AHCC increases survival following infectious challenge in mice". Nutrition Reviews. 66 (9): 526–531. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00085.x. ISSN 0029-6643. PMID 18752476.
  11. ^ Nogusa, Shoko; Gerbino, Jeffrey; Ritz, Barry W. (February 2009). "Low-dose supplementation with AHCC improves the immune response to acute influenza infection in C57BL/6 mice". Nutrition Research. 29 (2): 139–143. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2009.01.005. ISSN 0271-5317. PMID 19285605.
  12. ^ "AHCC Research AHCCの研究 – Amino Up". www.aminoup.co.jp. from the original on 2018-11-21. Retrieved 2018-11-21.
  13. ^ Mascaraque, Cristina; Suárez, María Dolores; Zarzuelo, Antonio; de Medina, Fermín Sánchez; Martínez-Augustin, Olga (2014-10-02). "AHCC exerts therapeutic effects in lymphocyte driven colitis". Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 58 (12): 2379–2382. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201400364. ISSN 1613-4125. PMID 25186628.
  14. ^ Wang, Shuhui; Welte, Thomas; Fang, Hao; Chang, Gwong-Jen J.; Born, Willi K.; O'Brien, Rebecca L.; Sun, Buxiang; Fujii, Hajime; Kosuna, Ken-Ichi (2009-01-13). "Oral Administration of AHCC Enhances Host Resistance to West Nile Encephalitis in Mice". The Journal of Nutrition. 139 (3): 598–602. doi:10.3945/jn.108.100297. ISSN 0022-3166. PMC 2646222. PMID 19141700.
  15. ^ Aviles, Hernan; O'Donnell, Phyllis; Sun, Buxiang; Sonnenfeld, Gerald (December 2006). "AHCC Enhances Resistance to Infection in a Mouse Model of Surgical Wound Infection". Surgical Infections. 7 (6): 527–535. doi:10.1089/sur.2006.7.527. ISSN 1096-2964. PMID 17233570.

August 29, 2023
ahcc, alpha, glucan, rich, nutritional, supplement, produced, from, shiitake, lentinula, edodes, product, subject, research, potential, anti, cancer, agent, popular, alternative, medicine, japan, chemical, structure, partially, acylated, glucan, main, polysacc. AHCC is an alpha glucan rich nutritional supplement produced from shiitake Lentinula edodes The product is a subject of research as a potential anti cancer agent 1 AHCC is a popular alternative medicine in Japan 2 Chemical structure of partially acylated a 1 4 glucan the main polysaccharide in AHCC AHCC is a compound produced from Shiitake mushroom AHCC is a registered trademark of and manufactured by Amino Up Co Ltd in Sapporo City Hokkaido Japan 3 Contents 1 Development and Chemical composition 2 Potential Mechanisms of Action 3 Use in Integrative Medicine 4 Research 5 See also 6 ReferencesDevelopment and Chemical composition EditAHCC was developed by Amino Up Co LTD and Dr Toshihiko Okamoto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tokyo in 1989 4 Polysaccharides form a large part of the composition of AHCC These include beta glucan b glucan and partially acylated a glucan Partially acylated a glucan produced by the patented long term culturing process is unique to AHCC Approximately 20 of the make up of AHCC is a glucans 5 Glucans are saccharides of which some are known to have immune stimulating effects 6 Potential Mechanisms of Action EditThe manufacturer of AHCC Amino Up Co Ltd states that the culturing process utilized in its manufacture favors the release of small bioactive molecules that act as nontoxic agonists for toll like receptors TLRs specifically TLR 4 initiating a systemic anti inflammatory response 7 AHCC is believed to bind to TLR 2 and TLR 4 and act as an immune modulator 8 as Immune cells such as CD4 and CD8 T cells and natural killer NK cells will produce cytokines by either cytokine stimulation by dendritic cells or ligand binding to TLRs 9 Use in Integrative Medicine EditAHCC is widely used in the world and many people use it for general health maintenance and treatment of various diseases It is often used as a Complementary and Alternative Medicine CAM for immune support 4 as reports in animal and clinical settings have indicated that AHCC is associated with an enhanced response to infection and increased survival 10 11 AHCC is in some cases also used by those undergoing conventional cancer therapy e g chemotherapy 5 for its reported immunomodulatory functions 12 In Japan AHCC is the 2nd most popular complementary and alternative medicine used by cancer patients Agaricus blazei supplements are the most popular outpacing AHCC use by a factor of 7 1 2 Research EditLaboratory research suggests AHCC may have immunostimulatory effects AHCC has been proposed as a treatment for cancer but research into its effectiveness has produced only uncertain and inconclusive evidence 1 Detailed research is needed into the pharmacology of AHCC before any recommendation of its use as an adjuvant therapy can be made Studies have suggested that AHCC supplementation may affect immune outcomes and immune cell populations suggesting that it has anti inflammatory effects 13 Moreover available data have demonstrated that AHCC may possibly reduce symptoms improve survival and shorten recovery time in animal models infected with viruses bacteria and fungal infections 14 15 See also EditAlternative cancer treatments Agaricus blazei mushroom Medicinal mushrooms ShiitakeReferences Edit a b AHCC WebMD Archived from the original on 29 August 2017 Retrieved 23 September 2018 a b Hyodo I Amano N Eguchi K April 2005 Nationwide survey on complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients in Japan Journal of Clinical Oncology 23 12 2645 54 doi 10 1200 JCO 2005 04 126 PMID 15728227 AHCC A Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia Amino Up www aminoup co jp Archived from the original on 2018 11 16 Retrieved 2018 11 16 a b Anil D Kulkarni Philip Calder Toshinori Ito 2016 Clinician s Guide to AHCC International Congress on Nutrition and Integrative Medicine ISBN 978 4 9909264 1 0 a b Ito Toshinori Urushima Hayato Sakaue Miki Yukawa Sayoko Honda Hatsumi Hirai Kei Igura Takumi Hayashi Noriyuki Maeda Kazuhisa 2014 03 10 Reduction of Adverse Effects by a Mushroom Product AHCC in Patients With Advanced Cancer During Chemotherapy The Significance of the Levels of HHV 6 DNA in Saliva as a Surrogate Biomarker During Chemotherapy Nutrition and Cancer 66 3 377 382 doi 10 1080 01635581 2014 884232 ISSN 0163 5581 PMID 24611562 S2CID 22715995 Fujii H Nakagawa T Novel substance having physiological activity process for producing the same and use U S Patent Application Publication Mar 6 2003 Mallet Jean Francois Graham Emilie Ritz Barry W Homma Kohei Matar Chantal 2016 02 01 AHCC promotes an intestinal immune response in BALB c mice and in primary intestinal epithelial cell culture involving toll like receptors TLR 2 and TLR 4 European Journal of Nutrition 55 1 139 146 doi 10 1007 s00394 015 0832 2 ISSN 1436 6215 PMID 25596849 S2CID 24880929 Mallet Jean Francois Graham Emilie Ritz Barry W Homma Kohei Matar Chantal 2015 01 18 AHCC promotes an intestinal immune response in BALB c mice and in primary intestinal epithelial cell culture involving toll like receptors TLR 2 and TLR 4 European Journal of Nutrition 55 1 139 146 doi 10 1007 s00394 015 0832 2 ISSN 1436 6207 PMID 25596849 S2CID 24880929 Zhinan Yin Hajime Fujii Thomas Walshe August 2010 Effects of AHCC on Frequency of CD4 and CD8 T Cells Producing Interferon g and or Tumor Necrosis factor a in Healthy Adults Human Immunology 71 12 1187 1190 doi 10 1016 j humimm 2010 08 006 PMID 20732368 Ritz Barry W 2008 08 22 Supplementation with AHCC increases survival following infectious challenge in mice Nutrition Reviews 66 9 526 531 doi 10 1111 j 1753 4887 2008 00085 x ISSN 0029 6643 PMID 18752476 Nogusa Shoko Gerbino Jeffrey Ritz Barry W February 2009 Low dose supplementation with AHCC improves the immune response to acute influenza infection in C57BL 6 mice Nutrition Research 29 2 139 143 doi 10 1016 j nutres 2009 01 005 ISSN 0271 5317 PMID 19285605 AHCC Research AHCCの研究 Amino Up www aminoup co jp Archived from the original on 2018 11 21 Retrieved 2018 11 21 Mascaraque Cristina Suarez Maria Dolores Zarzuelo Antonio de Medina Fermin Sanchez Martinez Augustin Olga 2014 10 02 AHCC exerts therapeutic effects in lymphocyte driven colitis Molecular Nutrition amp Food Research 58 12 2379 2382 doi 10 1002 mnfr 201400364 ISSN 1613 4125 PMID 25186628 Wang Shuhui Welte Thomas Fang Hao Chang Gwong Jen J Born Willi K O Brien Rebecca L Sun Buxiang Fujii Hajime Kosuna Ken Ichi 2009 01 13 Oral Administration of AHCC Enhances Host Resistance to West Nile Encephalitis in Mice The Journal of Nutrition 139 3 598 602 doi 10 3945 jn 108 100297 ISSN 0022 3166 PMC 2646222 PMID 19141700 Aviles Hernan O Donnell Phyllis Sun Buxiang Sonnenfeld Gerald December 2006 AHCC Enhances Resistance to Infection in a Mouse Model of Surgical Wound Infection Surgical Infections 7 6 527 535 doi 10 1089 sur 2006 7 527 ISSN 1096 2964 PMID 17233570 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title AHCC amp oldid 1170885811, wikipedia, wiki, 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