The Actinomycetales is an order of Actinomycetota. A member of the order is often called an actinomycete. Actinomycetales are generally gram-positive and anaerobic and have mycelia in a filamentous and branching growth pattern. Some actinomycetes can form rod- or coccoid-shaped forms, while others can form spores on aerial hyphae. Actinomycetales bacteria can be infected by bacteriophages, which are called actinophages. Actinomycetales can range from harmless bacteria to pathogens with resistance to antibiotics.
Actinomycetales have 2 main forms of reproduction: spore formation and hyphae fragmentation. During reproduction, Actinomycetales can form conidiophores, sporangiospores, and oidiospores. In reproducing through hyphae fragmentation, the hyphae formed by Actinomycetales can be a fifth to half the size of fungal hyphae, and bear long spore chains.
Presence and associationsedit
Actinomycetales can be found mostly in soil and decaying organic matter, as well as in living organisms such as humans and animals. They form symbiotic nitrogen fixing associations with over 200 species of plants, and can also serve as growth promoting or biocontrol agents, or cause disease in some species of plants. Actinomycetales can be found in the human urogenital tract as well as in the digestive system including the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract in the form of Helicobacter without causing disease in the host. They also have wide medicinal and botanical applications, and are used as a source of many antibiotics and pesticides.
Antimicrobial propertiesedit
Many species of Actinomycetes produce antimicrobial compounds under certain conditions and growth media. Streptomycin, actinomycin, and streptothricin are all medically important antibiotics isolated from Actinomycetes bacteria.[3] Almost two-thirds of the natural antimicrobial drug compounds used currently are produced by different species of Actinomycetes.[4]
^Buchanan RE (1917). "Studies in the Nomenclature and Classification of the Bacteria: II. The Primary Subdivisions of the Schizomycetes". J Bacteriol. 2: 155–164. doi:10.1128/jb.2.2.155-164.1917. PMC378699. PMID 16558735.
^Waksman, Selman A.; Schatz, Albert; Reynolds, Donald M. (December 2010). "Production of antibiotic substances by Actinomycetes". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1213 (1): 112–124. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05861.x. PMID 21175680.
^Bentley, S. D.; Chater, K. F.; Cerdeño-Tárraga, A.-M.; Challis, G. L.; Thomson, N. R.; James, K. D.; Harris, D. E.; Quail, M. A.; Kieser, H.; Harper, D.; Bateman, A.; Brown, S.; Chandra, G.; Chen, C. W.; Collins, M.; Cronin, A.; Fraser, A.; Goble, A.; Hidalgo, J.; Hornsby, T.; Howarth, S.; Huang, C.-H.; Kieser, T.; Larke, L.; Murphy, L.; Oliver, K.; O'Neil, S.; Rabbinowitsch, E.; Rajandream, M.-A.; Rutherford, K.; Rutter, S.; Seeger, K.; Saunders, D.; Sharp, S.; Squares, R.; Squares, S.; Taylor, K.; Warren, T.; Wietzorrek, A.; Woodward, J.; Barrell, B. G.; Parkhill, J.; Hopwood, D. A. (9 May 2002). "Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)". Nature. 417 (6885): 141–147. doi:10.1038/417141a. PMID 12000953.
actinomycetales, order, actinomycetota, member, order, often, called, actinomycete, generally, gram, positive, anaerobic, have, mycelia, filamentous, branching, growth, pattern, some, actinomycetes, form, coccoid, shaped, forms, while, others, form, spores, ae. The Actinomycetales is an order of Actinomycetota A member of the order is often called an actinomycete Actinomycetales are generally gram positive and anaerobic and have mycelia in a filamentous and branching growth pattern Some actinomycetes can form rod or coccoid shaped forms while others can form spores on aerial hyphae Actinomycetales bacteria can be infected by bacteriophages which are called actinophages Actinomycetales can range from harmless bacteria to pathogens with resistance to antibiotics ActinomycetalesScanning electron micrograph of Actinomyces israelii Scientific classificationDomain BacteriaPhylum ActinomycetotaClass ActinomycetiaOrder ActinomycetalesBuchanan 1917 Approved Lists 1980 1 Type genusActinomycesHarz 1877 Approved Lists 1980 Families 2 ActinomycetaceaeSynonyms Actinobacteriales Prevot 1946 Actinomycetineae Stackebrandt Rainey amp Ward Rainey 1997 Contents 1 Reproduction 2 Presence and associations 3 Antimicrobial properties 4 Phylogeny 5 See also 6 ReferencesReproduction editActinomycetales have 2 main forms of reproduction spore formation and hyphae fragmentation During reproduction Actinomycetales can form conidiophores sporangiospores and oidiospores In reproducing through hyphae fragmentation the hyphae formed by Actinomycetales can be a fifth to half the size of fungal hyphae and bear long spore chains Presence and associations editActinomycetales can be found mostly in soil and decaying organic matter as well as in living organisms such as humans and animals They form symbiotic nitrogen fixing associations with over 200 species of plants and can also serve as growth promoting or biocontrol agents or cause disease in some species of plants Actinomycetales can be found in the human urogenital tract as well as in the digestive system including the mouth throat and gastrointestinal tract in the form of Helicobacter without causing disease in the host They also have wide medicinal and botanical applications and are used as a source of many antibiotics and pesticides Antimicrobial properties editMany species of Actinomycetes produce antimicrobial compounds under certain conditions and growth media Streptomycin actinomycin and streptothricin are all medically important antibiotics isolated from Actinomycetes bacteria 3 Almost two thirds of the natural antimicrobial drug compounds used currently are produced by different species of Actinomycetes 4 Phylogeny editThe currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature LPSN 2 and National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI 5 Whole genome based phylogeny 6 16S rRNA based LTP 08 2023 7 8 9 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08 RS214 10 11 12 Microbacteriales Tropherymataceae MicrobacteriaceaeKineosporiales Quadrisphaeraceae incl Kineococcaceae KineosporiaceaeKytococcaceaeOrnithinimicrobiaceaeDermatophilaceaeDermacoccaceaeIntrasporangiaceaeBifidobacteriales BifidobacteriaceaeActinomycetales ActinomycetaceaeCellulomonadales DemequinaceaeBeutenbergiaceaeBogoriellaceaeRuaniaceaeCellulomonadaceaeJonesiaceaePromicromonosporaceaeMicrococcales DermabacteraceaeBrevibacteriaceaeMicrococcaceae Kineosporiales Kineosporiaceae incl Kineococcaceae Quadrisphaeraceae Aquipuribacterales AquipuribacteraceaeGeorgeniaPromicromonosporaceaeActinomycetales BeutenbergiaceaeBogoriellaceaeRuaniaceaeActinomycetaceae incl Arcanobacteriaceae Micrococcales Angustibacteraceae ActinotaleaceaeJonesiaceae incl Rarobacteraceae Sanguibacteraceae OerskoviaceaeCellulomonadaceaeDermatophilaceae incl Arsenicicoccaceae DermacoccaceaeKytococcaceaeOrnithinimicrobiaceaeIntrasporangiaceaeDemequinaceaeDermabacteraceaeMicrococcaceae incl Yaniellaceae BrevibacteriaceaeBifidobacteriaceaeMicrobacteriaceae incl Tropherymataceae Actinomycetales Kineosporiineae Kineosporiaceae Kineococcaceae Quadrisphaeraceae Angustibacteraceae Dermatophilaceae incl Aquipuribacteraceae Arsenicicoccaceae Dermacoccaceae Kytococcaceae Ornithinimicrobiaceae Intrasporangiaceae Actinomycetineae DemequinaceaeCellulomonadaceae incl Actinotaleaceae Jonesiaceae Oerskoviaceae Promicromonosporaceae Rarobacteraceae Sanguibacteraceae Beutenbergiaceae incl Ruaniaceae Actinomycetaceae incl Arcanobacteriaceae Bogoriellaceae Micrococcineae DermabacteraceaeBrevibacteriaceaeMicrococcaceae incl Yaniellaceae BifidobacteriaceaeMicrobacteriaceae incl Tropherymataceae See also editBacterial taxonomy List of bacterial orders List of bacteria generaReferences edit Buchanan RE 1917 Studies in the Nomenclature and Classification of the Bacteria II The Primary Subdivisions of the Schizomycetes J Bacteriol 2 155 164 doi 10 1128 jb 2 2 155 164 1917 PMC 378699 PMID 16558735 a b A C Parte et al Actinomycetales List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature LPSN Retrieved 2023 09 09 Waksman Selman A Schatz Albert Reynolds Donald M December 2010 Production of antibiotic substances by Actinomycetes Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1213 1 112 124 doi 10 1111 j 1749 6632 2010 05861 x PMID 21175680 Bentley S D Chater K F Cerdeno Tarraga A M Challis G L Thomson N R James K D Harris D E Quail M A Kieser H Harper D Bateman A Brown S Chandra G Chen C W Collins M Cronin A Fraser A Goble A Hidalgo J Hornsby T Howarth S Huang C H Kieser T Larke L Murphy L Oliver K O Neil S Rabbinowitsch E Rajandream M A Rutherford K Rutter S Seeger K Saunders D Sharp S Squares R Squares S Taylor K Warren T Wietzorrek A Woodward J Barrell B G Parkhill J Hopwood D A 9 May 2002 Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3 2 Nature 417 6885 141 147 doi 10 1038 417141a PMID 12000953 Sayers et al Actinomycetales National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI taxonomy database Retrieved 2023 09 09 Nouioui I Carro L Garcia Lopez M Meier Kolthoff JP Woyke T Kyrpides NC Pukall R Klenk HP Goodfellow M Markus Goker M 2018 Genome Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria Front Microbiol 9 2007 doi 10 3389 fmicb 2018 02007 PMC 6113628 PMID 30186281 The LTP Retrieved 20 November 2023 LTP all tree in newick format Retrieved 20 November 2023 LTP 08 2023 Release Notes PDF Retrieved 20 November 2023 GTDB release 08 RS214 Genome Taxonomy Database Retrieved 10 May 2023 bac120 r214 sp label Genome Taxonomy Database Retrieved 10 May 2023 Taxon History Genome Taxonomy Database Retrieved 10 May 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Actinomycetales amp oldid 1195502674, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
