Acne aestivalis also called as acne mallorca, is a special kind of polymorphous light eruption induced by ultra violet A radiation. This condition is said to be seasonal, usually affecting people in springtime and goes away in autumn when there is less sun light. This photo induced skin reaction leads to a mono-morphous eruption that consists of multiple, uniform, red, papular lesions.[1][2] This skin reaction is classified as a delayed-type hypersensitivity because the onset is 24–72 hours after sun exposure.[3] The condition equally affects men and women between the ages of 20–40 years old with no prior history of acne vulgaris. The eruption is unusual because it spares the face but it affects the lateral aspects of the upper arms, shoulder girdle, back, and chest.[1] This condition's pathogenesis is not very well understood but scientists believe it an unfortunate side effect that results from a strong immune response to potentially cancer-causing cell damage.[4][2]
Patients present numerous lesions of small papules that are dull red, dome shaped, hard, and usually not more than 2–4 mm in diameter. These lesions do not affect the face but affect lateral aspects of upper arms, shoulder girdle, back, and chest. The papules have an onset of 1–3 days after sun exposure and may last for many weeks. Comedones are not present in this type of skin reaction.[1]
Causeedit
The main cause of this condition is sun exposure.[1]Hypersensitivity to the sun may be experienced due to genetic predisposition.[4] It is also speculated that cosmetics and sun care products containing hydroxyl peroxides may trigger this condition through free radical and ultra violet A radiation photo-toxic reactions.[5][2][1]
Mechanism/pathophysiologyedit
The actual mechanism of disease is not very well understood but there are a few speculations. It is believed that acneaestivalis has a genetic predisposition involved in which people who show acne aestivalis have lower expression of apoptosis inducing genes which leads to inflammation. Inflammation is believed to be triggered by circulating ultra violet radiation damaged cells that could not go through apoptosis and the cell fragments they release.[4] Also, it is speculated that this sun induced acne form is caused by a photo allergic reaction between sunscreen, skin, and the sun. A photo-toxic reaction pathogenesis is also possible through free radical release in sun screenoxidation by ultra violet radiation.[2][1]
Diagnosisedit
The diagnosis is by visual examination of skin lesions and sun exposure history. A diagnosis of acne aestivalis is made once the patient reports the onset of papules was 1–3 days after sun exposure.[1]
Treatmentedit
The treatment for this condition is topical tretinoin or benzoyl peroxide applied to the skin. The use of topical steroids should be avoided. Currently, there is no systemic treatment for acne aestivalis.[1]
Prognosisedit
This condition is alleviated during the fall season when there is less sun light available. The papules do not leave a scar on the affected person's skin.[1]
Epidemiologyedit
There is limited information on the epidemiology of this condition. This disease was first noticed in Scandinavian men and women between the ages of 20 and 40 years old. The skin eruption would present in this population after sunbathing in Mallorca beach after a long and dark winter season.[1]
Researchedit
This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: 2023 latest. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Last update: 2021(May 2023)
In 2001, a study was conducted to test a prophylaxis regimen containing alpha-glucosylrutin, a strong plant-derived antioxidant. The focus of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of alpha-glucosylrutin on polymorphous light eruption and acne aestivalis development. The study demonstrated that applying alpha-glucosylrutin along with SPF 15 sunscreen decreases severe polymorphous light eruption cases from 96.2% to 7.4%.The study included 20 people with polymorphous light eruption and 3 people with acne aestivalis. In this study, 2 out of the 3 people with acne aestivalis did not have an episode of lesions after being prophylactically treated with alpha-glucosylrutin and SPF 15.[6]
Referencesedit
^ abcdefghijPlewig G, Kligman AM (1975). "Acne Aestivalis (Mallorca Acne)". Acne. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 257–259. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-96246-2_25. ISBN978-3-642-96248-6.
^ abcdJung K, Heinrich U, Tronnier H, Schnyder M, Herzog B, Herrling T (2016). "High levels of free radicals in suncare products induce acne aestivalis in sensitive subjects" (PDF). SOFW Journal. 142: 2–8.
^Gruber-Wackernagel A, Byrne SN, Wolf P (July 2014). "Polymorphous light eruption: clinic aspects and pathogenesis". Dermatologic Clinics. 32 (3): 315–34, viii. doi:10.1016/j.det.2014.03.012. PMID 24891054.
^ abcLembo S, Raimondo A (2018-09-10). "Polymorphic Light Eruption: What's New in Pathogenesis and Management". Frontiers in Medicine. 5: 252. doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00252. PMC6139322. PMID 30250845.
^Rippke F, Wendt G, Bohnsack K, Dörschner A, Stäb F, Hölzle E, Moll I (March 2001). "Results of photoprovocation and field studies on the efficacy of a novel topically applied antioxidant in polymorphous light eruption". The Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 12 (1): 3–8. doi:10.1080/095466301750163491. PMID 12171679. S2CID 25658207.
External linksedit
How to Treat and Prevent Acne?
January 01, 1970
acne, aestivalis, also, called, acne, mallorca, special, kind, polymorphous, light, eruption, induced, ultra, violet, radiation, this, condition, said, seasonal, usually, affecting, people, springtime, goes, away, autumn, when, there, less, light, this, photo,. Acne aestivalis also called as acne mallorca is a special kind of polymorphous light eruption induced by ultra violet A radiation This condition is said to be seasonal usually affecting people in springtime and goes away in autumn when there is less sun light This photo induced skin reaction leads to a mono morphous eruption that consists of multiple uniform red papular lesions 1 2 This skin reaction is classified as a delayed type hypersensitivity because the onset is 24 72 hours after sun exposure 3 The condition equally affects men and women between the ages of 20 40 years old with no prior history of acne vulgaris The eruption is unusual because it spares the face but it affects the lateral aspects of the upper arms shoulder girdle back and chest 1 This condition s pathogenesis is not very well understood but scientists believe it an unfortunate side effect that results from a strong immune response to potentially cancer causing cell damage 4 2 Acne aestivalisOther namesMallorca acneSpecialtyDermatology Contents 1 Signs and Symptoms 2 Cause 3 Mechanism pathophysiology 4 Diagnosis 5 Treatment 6 Prognosis 7 Epidemiology 8 Research 9 References 10 External linksSigns and Symptoms editPatients present numerous lesions of small papules that are dull red dome shaped hard and usually not more than 2 4 mm in diameter These lesions do not affect the face but affect lateral aspects of upper arms shoulder girdle back and chest The papules have an onset of 1 3 days after sun exposure and may last for many weeks Comedones are not present in this type of skin reaction 1 Cause editThe main cause of this condition is sun exposure 1 Hypersensitivity to the sun may be experienced due to genetic predisposition 4 It is also speculated that cosmetics and sun care products containing hydroxyl peroxides may trigger this condition through free radical and ultra violet A radiation photo toxic reactions 5 2 1 Mechanism pathophysiology editThe actual mechanism of disease is not very well understood but there are a few speculations It is believed that acne aestivalis has a genetic predisposition involved in which people who show acne aestivalis have lower expression of apoptosis inducing genes which leads to inflammation Inflammation is believed to be triggered by circulating ultra violet radiation damaged cells that could not go through apoptosis and the cell fragments they release 4 Also it is speculated that this sun induced acne form is caused by a photo allergic reaction between sunscreen skin and the sun A photo toxic reaction pathogenesis is also possible through free radical release in sun screen oxidation by ultra violet radiation 2 1 Diagnosis editThe diagnosis is by visual examination of skin lesions and sun exposure history A diagnosis of acne aestivalis is made once the patient reports the onset of papules was 1 3 days after sun exposure 1 Treatment editThe treatment for this condition is topical tretinoin or benzoyl peroxide applied to the skin The use of topical steroids should be avoided Currently there is no systemic treatment for acne aestivalis 1 Prognosis editThis condition is alleviated during the fall season when there is less sun light available The papules do not leave a scar on the affected person s skin 1 Epidemiology editThere is limited information on the epidemiology of this condition This disease was first noticed in Scandinavian men and women between the ages of 20 and 40 years old The skin eruption would present in this population after sunbathing in Mallorca beach after a long and dark winter season 1 Research editThis section needs to be updated The reason given is 2023 latest Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information Last update 2021 May 2023 In 2001 a study was conducted to test a prophylaxis regimen containing alpha glucosylrutin a strong plant derived antioxidant The focus of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of alpha glucosylrutin on polymorphous light eruption and acne aestivalis development The study demonstrated that applying alpha glucosylrutin along with SPF 15 sunscreen decreases severe polymorphous light eruption cases from 96 2 to 7 4 The study included 20 people with polymorphous light eruption and 3 people with acne aestivalis In this study 2 out of the 3 people with acne aestivalis did not have an episode of lesions after being prophylactically treated with alpha glucosylrutin and SPF 15 6 References edit a b c d e f g h i j Plewig G Kligman AM 1975 Acne Aestivalis Mallorca Acne Acne Springer Berlin Heidelberg pp 257 259 doi 10 1007 978 3 642 96246 2 25 ISBN 978 3 642 96248 6 a b c d Jung K Heinrich U Tronnier H Schnyder M Herzog B Herrling T 2016 High levels of free radicals in suncare products induce acne aestivalis in sensitive subjects PDF SOFW Journal 142 2 8 Gruber Wackernagel A Byrne SN Wolf P July 2014 Polymorphous light eruption clinic aspects and pathogenesis Dermatologic Clinics 32 3 315 34 viii doi 10 1016 j det 2014 03 012 PMID 24891054 a b c Lembo S Raimondo A 2018 09 10 Polymorphic Light Eruption What s New in Pathogenesis and Management Frontiers in Medicine 5 252 doi 10 3389 fmed 2018 00252 PMC 6139322 PMID 30250845 Editorial Summer acne BMJ 4 5989 125 1975 10 18 doi 10 1136 bmj 4 5989 125 Rippke F Wendt G Bohnsack K Dorschner A Stab F Holzle E Moll I March 2001 Results of photoprovocation and field studies on the efficacy of a novel topically applied antioxidant in polymorphous light eruption The Journal of Dermatological Treatment 12 1 3 8 doi 10 1080 095466301750163491 PMID 12171679 S2CID 25658207 External links editHow to Treat and Prevent Acne Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Acne aestivalis amp oldid 1181948193, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
