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Achille Fontanelli (8 November 1775 – 22 July 1838) was an Italian nationalist and Napoleonic general. Born into a low-ranking noble family, he took service with a pro-French Italian military unit in 1797. He was captured in 1799 but was repatriated in time to serve in the Marengo Campaign in 1800. He was promoted to general officer in 1804 and in the 1809 war he led an Italian division in several major battles. After serving as Minister of War to Eugène de Beauharnais, he was tapped to command a division in the 1813 campaign. After the collapse of Napoleon's empire in 1814, he took service with the Austrian Empire.
Fontanelli was born in Modena on 8 November 1775 to a minor Italian aristocratic family, son of Marquis Alfonso and Paolina Cervi. His parents died while he was young. With the arrival in Italy of Napoleon Bonaparte's French army in 1796 he enrolled in the city Guard of Modena.[1]
Early military careeredit
The following year he transferred to one of the Bologna Cohorts of the Lombard Legion, which became part of Jean Lannes' brigade. In February he served against Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi's forces in Romagna, and was at the capture of Ancona. In mid June Bonaparte ordered an expedition against the Ionian Islands. The Lombard Legion had been split in two parts with the Transpadane Cohorts gathered under the name of the 3rd Legion. Taking temporary command of this unit Fontanelli led it in the capture of Corfu. In 1798 his command returned to central Italy and joined Giuseppe Lechi for a joint march against Rome, however the Pope resigned before the invasion so the Legion remained in garrison at Pesaro.
War of the Second Coalition 1799–1800edit
In 1799, the Lombard Legion evolved into the 3rd Cisalpine Demi-Brigade. After the renewed outbreak of hostilities Fontanelli marched towards Ferrara and Verona under Joseph Hélie Désiré Perruquet de Montrichard, serving at the action at Finale and retreating to Bologna, then to Pesaro, where, together with Domenico Pino, he refused to participate in General Lahoz's decision to capitulate. Fontanelli instead marched the Legion to Ancona, which was under blockade from a joint Turkish-Russian fleet led by admirals Wejnowich and Pastokhin. The Fontanelli column was welcome in the Citadel, but Fontanelli was arrested on suspicion of insubordination. The Cisalpine officers were however totally discharged, and attached to the Ancona garrison.
Following the eventual surrender of Ancona at the end of 1799 Fontanelli was repatriated to France, where in 1800 he was reassigned to command a light infantry battalion of the Legione Italica. At the head of this he followed Bonaparte in the crossing of the Alps and the Marengo Campaign.
Napoleonic Warsedit
In 1802 he served as an aide-de-camp to Napoleon. In 1804 he was named General de Brigade, Count of the Empire, and Commander of the Légion d'Honneur. On 1 August 1805 Fontanelli was appointed commander of the Corps of Gardes Velites in the Italian Royal Guard under Pino, holding this post until 1811. In 1805–1806 he commanded the Italian division in Italy.[2]
From 1813 he was charged with the reorganization of the Italian troops into five divisions. In autumn 1813 he was given command of the 15th Division composed of four regiments and a divisional battery (brigades of Sant'Andrea and Moroni) of Italians in IV Corps under Henri Gatien Bertrand, replacing Luigi Gaspare Peyri, and saw action at the battles of Grossbeeren on 23 August, Dennewitz 6 September, Wartenburg on 3 October and Leipzig on 16–19 October. After Leipzig, Fontanelli's division successfully held Lindenau, allowing the remains of Napoleon's La Grande Armée to reach France.
Late lifeedit
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After the Restoration he was given the rank of Austrian Feldmarschall-Leutnant, with which he retired to private life and died of bone cancer in autumn 1838 in Milan. The head of his funeral procession was led by the Austrian field marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz.
Awards and decorationsedit
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2017)
^Schneid, Frederick C.; Rothenberg, Gunther E. (2002). Napoleon's Italian Campaigns: 1805–1815. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN978-0-275-96875-5.
Further readingedit
Maggiore Jacopetti (1845). Biografie di Achille Fontanelli, di Francesco Teodoro Arese e di Pietro Teulie. Milan.
January 01, 1970
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Achille Fontanelli news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian March 2017 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Italian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 3 032 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at it Achille Fontanelli see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated it Achille Fontanelli to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Achille Fontanelli 8 November 1775 22 July 1838 was an Italian nationalist and Napoleonic general Born into a low ranking noble family he took service with a pro French Italian military unit in 1797 He was captured in 1799 but was repatriated in time to serve in the Marengo Campaign in 1800 He was promoted to general officer in 1804 and in the 1809 war he led an Italian division in several major battles After serving as Minister of War to Eugene de Beauharnais he was tapped to command a division in the 1813 campaign After the collapse of Napoleon s empire in 1814 he took service with the Austrian Empire Achille FontanelliPortrait by Andrea AppianiBorn8 November 1775 1775 11 08 ModenaDied22 July 1838 1838 07 22 aged 62 MilanAllegiance Italy AustriaService wbr branchInfantryYears of service1797 1814 1814 1815RankGeneral of Division Feldmarschall LeutnantBattles warsBattle of Faenza 1797 Capture of Corfu 1798 Siege of Ancona 1799 Marengo Campaign 1800 Battle of Piave River 1809 Battle of Tarvis 1809 Battle of Raab 1809 Battle of Grossbeeren 1813 Battle of Dennewitz 1813 Battle of Wartenburg 1813 Battle of Leipzig 1813 Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early military career 1 2 War of the Second Coalition 1799 1800 1 3 Napoleonic Wars 1 4 Late life 1 5 Awards and decorations 2 References 3 Further readingBiography editFontanelli was born in Modena on 8 November 1775 to a minor Italian aristocratic family son of Marquis Alfonso and Paolina Cervi His parents died while he was young With the arrival in Italy of Napoleon Bonaparte s French army in 1796 he enrolled in the city Guard of Modena 1 Early military career edit The following year he transferred to one of the Bologna Cohorts of the Lombard Legion which became part of Jean Lannes brigade In February he served against Michelangelo Alessandro Colli Marchi s forces in Romagna and was at the capture of Ancona In mid June Bonaparte ordered an expedition against the Ionian Islands The Lombard Legion had been split in two parts with the Transpadane Cohorts gathered under the name of the 3rd Legion Taking temporary command of this unit Fontanelli led it in the capture of Corfu In 1798 his command returned to central Italy and joined Giuseppe Lechi for a joint march against Rome however the Pope resigned before the invasion so the Legion remained in garrison at Pesaro War of the Second Coalition 1799 1800 edit In 1799 the Lombard Legion evolved into the 3rd Cisalpine Demi Brigade After the renewed outbreak of hostilities Fontanelli marched towards Ferrara and Verona under Joseph Helie Desire Perruquet de Montrichard serving at the action at Finale and retreating to Bologna then to Pesaro where together with Domenico Pino he refused to participate in General Lahoz s decision to capitulate Fontanelli instead marched the Legion to Ancona which was under blockade from a joint Turkish Russian fleet led by admirals Wejnowich and Pastokhin The Fontanelli column was welcome in the Citadel but Fontanelli was arrested on suspicion of insubordination The Cisalpine officers were however totally discharged and attached to the Ancona garrison Following the eventual surrender of Ancona at the end of 1799 Fontanelli was repatriated to France where in 1800 he was reassigned to command a light infantry battalion of the Legione Italica At the head of this he followed Bonaparte in the crossing of the Alps and the Marengo Campaign Napoleonic Wars edit In 1802 he served as an aide de camp to Napoleon In 1804 he was named General de Brigade Count of the Empire and Commander of the Legion d Honneur On 1 August 1805 Fontanelli was appointed commander of the Corps of Gardes Velites in the Italian Royal Guard under Pino holding this post until 1811 In 1805 1806 he commanded the Italian division in Italy 2 Promoted General de Division in 1809 he took command of the 2nd later 1st Italian Division in the Army of Italy under Eugene de Beauharnais Initially serving in the Tyrol campaign in April his corps returned to Italy to fight at the Battle of Piave on 8 May 1809 He also led his troops at the Battle of Tarvis on 17 May and Battle of Raab on 14 June After the Battle of Wagram he was honoured as Count of the Empire Grand Officer of the Legion d Honneur and major general in 1810 Appointed aide de camp to the king and commander of the 1st Military Division at Milan he was appointed Minister of the War and Navy of the Kingdom of Italy from 1811 to 1814 From 1813 he was charged with the reorganization of the Italian troops into five divisions In autumn 1813 he was given command of the 15th Division composed of four regiments and a divisional battery brigades of Sant Andrea and Moroni of Italians in IV Corps under Henri Gatien Bertrand replacing Luigi Gaspare Peyri and saw action at the battles of Grossbeeren on 23 August Dennewitz 6 September Wartenburg on 3 October and Leipzig on 16 19 October After Leipzig Fontanelli s division successfully held Lindenau allowing the remains of Napoleon s La Grande Armee to reach France Late life edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it March 2017 After the Restoration he was given the rank of Austrian Feldmarschall Leutnant with which he retired to private life and died of bone cancer in autumn 1838 in Milan The head of his funeral procession was led by the Austrian field marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz Awards and decorations edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it March 2017 References edit Antonielli Livio 1997 Fontanelli Achille Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Vol 48 Schneid Frederick C Rothenberg Gunther E 2002 Napoleon s Italian Campaigns 1805 1815 Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 275 96875 5 Further reading editMaggiore Jacopetti 1845 Biografie di Achille Fontanelli di Francesco Teodoro Arese e di Pietro Teulie Milan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Achille Fontanelli amp oldid 1223242673, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
