This article is about the gene. For the interlacing scheme for images, see Adam7 algorithm.
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADAM7 gene.[5] ADAM7 is an 85-kDa enzyme that is a member of the transmembrane ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease) protein family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. ADAM7 is important for the maturation of sperm cells in mammals. ADAM7 is also denoted as: ADAM_7, ADAM-7, EAPI, GP-83, and GP83.
The functions of ADAM7 directly relate to sperm maturation and fertilization. Sperm are immobile until traversing the epididymis, in which the sperm interact with many proteins secreted by epithelial cells of the epididymis.[6] Lacking protease activity, ADAM7 may play roles in protein-protein interactions and cell adhesion processes including sperm-egg fusion. ADAM7 is secreted by epididymis cells and transferred to the maturing sperm's surface. As determined through mouse gene knock-out studies, the amount of ADAM7 secreted is directly linked to ADAM2 and ADAM3 protein levels.[7] Complex formation between ADAM7, Calnexin, Hspa5, and Itm2b have been shown to act as a molecular chaperone after ADAM7 is incorporated into the membrane of sperm cells. Furthermore, complex formation with Itm2b is increased during sperm capacitation leading to a conformation change in ADAM7.[7] As such, the ADAM7 protein plays an important function involved in sperm capacitation, although this function is not entirely understood.
Mechanism of secretion and membrane transferEdit
ADAM7 is synthesized in epididymis cells and transferred to the membrane of immature sperm cells as they traverse the epididymis during sperm maturation. Epithelial cells of the epididymis incorporate ADAM7 into their membrane normally like other integral membrane protein.[6] Portions of the membrane are secreted as exosome vesicles. Secretion in this manner is an apocrine secretion in which apical blebs containing a portion of the epididymis cell are released from the cell. The apical blebs then encounter the immature sperm cell membrane within the convoluted tubules of the epididymis. The apical bleb and immature sperm cell membrane then fuse, ultimately incorporating ADAM7 into the sperm cell membrane.[8][9]
Physical characteristicsEdit
Human ADAM7 contains a sequence of 756 amino acids.[10] Numerous mammalian orthologs are currently known.[11] The largest portion of ADAM7 resides in the extracellular space. A short helical transmembrane sequence anchors the sequence while a short cytoplasmic sequence exists. This is consistent and expected as the protein has a secretory function.[12]
LocalizationEdit
ADAM7 expression is localized in mammalian epididymis cells. Expression of ADAM7 is higher in the head (Caput) of the epididymis and decreases in cells towards the distal epididymis.[13] ADAM7 is also present in mature sperm cell membranes of mice.[14] Thus, ADAM7 is synthesized in the epididymis and transferred to the maturing sperm cell membrane. mRNA transcripts are highly expressed in testes leydig cells as well.[15]
Model OrganismsEdit
Due to the large mammalian homology, ADAM7 is primarily studied in Mus Musculus.
ReferencesEdit
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000069206 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022056 - Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ abOh, Jeong Su; Han, Cecil; Cho, Chunghee (2009). "ADAM7 Is Associated with Epididymosomes and Integrated into Sperm Plasma Membrane". Molecules and Cells. 28 (5): 441–446. doi:10.1007/s10059-009-0140-x. PMID 19855936. S2CID 591146.
^ abCho C (Oct 2012). "Testicular and epididymal ADAMs: expression and function during fertilization". Nature Reviews. Urology. 9 (10): 550–560. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2012.167. PMID 22926424. S2CID 23223954.
^Hermo, L; Jacks, D (2002). "Nature's ingenuity: bypassing the classical secretory route via apocrine secretion". Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63 (3): 394–410. doi:10.1002/mrd.90023. PMID 12237956. S2CID 22251485.
^Sullivan, R; Saez, F; Girouard, J; Frenette, G (2005). "Role of exosomes in sperm maturation during the transit along the male reproductive tract". Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 35 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.03.005. PMID 15893944.
^"Homo sapiens (human): 8756". www.genome.jp. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
^"ORTHOLOGY: K16071". www.genome.jp. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
^"Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain-containing Protein 7". UniProt. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
^Oh J, Woo JM, Choi E, Kim T, Cho BN, Park ZY, Kim YC, Kim DH, Cho C (Jun 2005). "Molecular, biochemical, and cellular characterization of epididymal ADAMs, ADAM7 and ADAM28". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 331 (4): 1374–1383. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.067. PMID 15883027.
^Kim T, Oh J, Woo JM, Choi E, Im SH, Yoo YJ, Kim DH, Nishimura H, Cho C (Apr 2006). "Expression and relationship of male reproductive ADAMs in mouse". Biology of Reproduction. 74 (4): 744–750. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.105.048892. PMID 16407499.
^"Adam7 (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 7)". Biogps. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
External linksEdit
The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: M12.956
Endocrinology Journal
Gene expression/activity chart via biogps: mRNA Tissue Expression
Human ADAM7 genome location and ADAM7 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
August 28, 2023
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This article is about the gene For the interlacing scheme for images see Adam7 algorithm Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain containing protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADAM7 gene 5 ADAM7 is an 85 kDa enzyme that is a member of the transmembrane ADAM A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease protein family Members of this family are membrane anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell cell and cell matrix interactions including fertilization muscle development and neurogenesis ADAM7 is important for the maturation of sperm cells in mammals ADAM7 is also denoted as ADAM 7 ADAM 7 EAPI GP 83 and GP83 ADAM7IdentifiersAliasesADAM7 ADAM 7 ADAM 7 EAPI GP 83 GP83 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 7External IDsOMIM 607310 MGI 107247 HomoloGene 2830 GeneCards ADAM7Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 8 human 1 Band8p21 2Start24 440 930 bp 1 End24 526 970 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 14 mouse 2 Band14 14 D1Start68 734 785 bp 2 End68 771 190 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed incorpus epididymiscaput epididymisseminal vesiculabody of pancreaskidneyprostateintegumentzone of skinskin of abdomenTop expressed inretinal pigment epitheliumsecondary oocytewhite adipose tissuecorneaduodenumepidermishypothalamustesticleendocrine glandpituitary glandMore reference expression dataBioGPSn aGene ontologyMolecular functionmetallopeptidase activity metalloendopeptidase activity endopeptidase activityCellular componentplasma membrane membrane integral component of membraneBiological processproteolysisSources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez875611500EnsemblENSG00000069206ENSMUSG00000022056UniProtQ9H2U9O35227RefSeq mRNA NM 003817NM 007402RefSeq protein NP 003808NP 031428Location UCSC Chr 8 24 44 24 53 MbChr 14 68 73 68 77 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Function 2 Mechanism of secretion and membrane transfer 3 Physical characteristics 4 Localization 5 Model Organisms 6 References 7 External linksFunction EditThe functions of ADAM7 directly relate to sperm maturation and fertilization Sperm are immobile until traversing the epididymis in which the sperm interact with many proteins secreted by epithelial cells of the epididymis 6 Lacking protease activity ADAM7 may play roles in protein protein interactions and cell adhesion processes including sperm egg fusion ADAM7 is secreted by epididymis cells and transferred to the maturing sperm s surface As determined through mouse gene knock out studies the amount of ADAM7 secreted is directly linked to ADAM2 and ADAM3 protein levels 7 Complex formation between ADAM7 Calnexin Hspa5 and Itm2b have been shown to act as a molecular chaperone after ADAM7 is incorporated into the membrane of sperm cells Furthermore complex formation with Itm2b is increased during sperm capacitation leading to a conformation change in ADAM7 7 As such the ADAM7 protein plays an important function involved in sperm capacitation although this function is not entirely understood Mechanism of secretion and membrane transfer EditADAM7 is synthesized in epididymis cells and transferred to the membrane of immature sperm cells as they traverse the epididymis during sperm maturation Epithelial cells of the epididymis incorporate ADAM7 into their membrane normally like other integral membrane protein 6 Portions of the membrane are secreted as exosome vesicles Secretion in this manner is an apocrine secretion in which apical blebs containing a portion of the epididymis cell are released from the cell The apical blebs then encounter the immature sperm cell membrane within the convoluted tubules of the epididymis The apical bleb and immature sperm cell membrane then fuse ultimately incorporating ADAM7 into the sperm cell membrane 8 9 Physical characteristics EditHuman ADAM7 contains a sequence of 756 amino acids 10 Numerous mammalian orthologs are currently known 11 The largest portion of ADAM7 resides in the extracellular space A short helical transmembrane sequence anchors the sequence while a short cytoplasmic sequence exists This is consistent and expected as the protein has a secretory function 12 Localization EditADAM7 expression is localized in mammalian epididymis cells Expression of ADAM7 is higher in the head Caput of the epididymis and decreases in cells towards the distal epididymis 13 ADAM7 is also present in mature sperm cell membranes of mice 14 Thus ADAM7 is synthesized in the epididymis and transferred to the maturing sperm cell membrane mRNA transcripts are highly expressed in testes leydig cells as well 15 Model Organisms EditDue to the large mammalian homology ADAM7 is primarily studied in Mus Musculus References Edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000069206 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000022056 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Entrez Gene ADAM metallopeptidase domain 7 a b Oh Jeong Su Han Cecil Cho Chunghee 2009 ADAM7 Is Associated with Epididymosomes and Integrated into Sperm Plasma Membrane Molecules and Cells 28 5 441 446 doi 10 1007 s10059 009 0140 x PMID 19855936 S2CID 591146 a b Cho C Oct 2012 Testicular and epididymal ADAMs expression and function during fertilization Nature Reviews Urology 9 10 550 560 doi 10 1038 nrurol 2012 167 PMID 22926424 S2CID 23223954 Hermo L Jacks D 2002 Nature s ingenuity bypassing the classical secretory route via apocrine secretion Mol Reprod Dev 63 3 394 410 doi 10 1002 mrd 90023 PMID 12237956 S2CID 22251485 Sullivan R Saez F Girouard J Frenette G 2005 Role of exosomes in sperm maturation during the transit along the male reproductive tract Blood Cells Mol Dis 35 1 1 10 doi 10 1016 j bcmd 2005 03 005 PMID 15893944 Homo sapiens human 8756 www genome jp Retrieved 9 March 2015 ORTHOLOGY K16071 www genome jp Retrieved 9 March 2015 Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain containing Protein 7 UniProt Retrieved 29 April 2015 Oh J Woo JM Choi E Kim T Cho BN Park ZY Kim YC Kim DH Cho C Jun 2005 Molecular biochemical and cellular characterization of epididymal ADAMs ADAM7 and ADAM28 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 331 4 1374 1383 doi 10 1016 j bbrc 2005 04 067 PMID 15883027 Kim T Oh J Woo JM Choi E Im SH Yoo YJ Kim DH Nishimura H Cho C Apr 2006 Expression and relationship of male reproductive ADAMs in mouse Biology of Reproduction 74 4 744 750 doi 10 1095 biolreprod 105 048892 PMID 16407499 Adam7 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 7 Biogps Retrieved 12 May 2015 External links EditThe MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors M12 956 Endocrinology Journal Gene expression activity chart via biogps mRNA Tissue Expression Human ADAM7 genome location and ADAM7 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ADAM7 amp oldid 1166576819, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
