Athel Cornish-Bowden

Athel Cornish-Bowden (born 3 April 1943) is a British biochemist known for his numerous textbooks, particularly those on enzyme kinetics and his work on metabolic control analysis.

Athel Cornish-Bowden
Born	(1943-04-03) 3 April 1943 (age 81) Ashburton, England
Nationality	British, French
Education	Oxford University
Known for	Enzyme Kinetics, Metabolic Control Analysis
Spouse(s)	Mary Ann Reynolds, María de la Luz Cárdenas Cerda
Awards	D.Sc., Oxford, 1983; corresponding member of the Academia Chilena de Ciencias
Scientific career
Fields	Biochemistry, theoretical biology
Institutions	University of California, Berkeley, University of Birmingham, CNRS, Marseilles
Thesis	Studies of Pepsin catalysis  (1967)
Doctoral advisor	Jeremy R. Knowles
Signature

Education and career

Athel Cornish-Bowden worked on pepsin catalysis.^[1] This began a life long pursuit of work on enzyme catalysis^[2] and in later years work on the control of metabolism.^[3] More recently he has also turned his attention to work related to the origin and nature of life.^[4]

He obtained his D.Phil. at Oxford with Jeremy R. Knowles,^[5] and carried out post-doctoral work with Daniel E. Koshland Jr.^[6]

Research

Cornish-Bowden has authored over 200 peer-reviewed papers and nine textbooks^[7][8] on topics related to enzyme kinetics, mathematics and historical perspectives in science. According to Google Scholar, the textbook, Fundamentals of enzyme kinetics,^[9] has been cited over 3000 times by secondary sources.^[10]

Cornish-Bowden's research can be divided into three primary areas: Enzyme kinetics, metabolic control, done mainly in collaboration with Jannie Hofmeyr, and the origin of life. The following lists some of the topics and selected references to the work carried out and published by Cornish-Bowden:

• Mechanisms of Pepsin Catalysis^[11][12]

• Binding of ligands to Proteins^{[13][14][15][16]}

• Kinetics of nitrite reductase^[17][18]

• Kinetics of nitrate reductase^[19]

• The evolution of macromolecules^[20][21]

• Properties of multienzyme systems^{[22][23][24][25][26]}

• The theory of self-organizing systems^{[27][28][29][30]}

Additionally, Cornish-Bowden has published a number of history of science papers commemorating the lives and achievements of historical figures in enzymology. ^{[31] [32] [33]} His current interests include the definition of life and the capacity for life to self-organize.

Major Research Contributions

Cornish-Bowden is most well known for his introduction of the direct-linear plot for estimating enzyme parameters,^[34] his work on Hexokinase evolution and kinetics,^[35] and his insight into the control and regulation of metabolism.^[36]

Editorial and Related Work

Cornish-Bowden has participated on the editorial boards of various journals (the Biochemical Journal, the Journal of Theoretical Biology, FEBS Journal, BioSystems), and has been active on International Committees. He was secretary of the IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Committee on Biochemical Nomenclature^[37] and in that capacity convened the committee that prepared the current IUBMB recommendations on enzyme kinetics.^[38] He also contributed to recommendations on biochemical thermodynamics,^[39] and to proposals for system representation of biochemical networks.^[40]

Books

• Cornish-Bowden, Athel (1976). Principles of Enzyme Kinetics. London: Butterworths. ISBN 0408707216.
• Cornish-Bowden, Athel (1979). Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics. London: Butterworths.
• Cornish-Bowden, Athel (1996). Analysis of Enzyme Kinetic Datas (4 ed.). London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854877-X.
• Cornish-Bowden, Athel (1999). Basic Mathematics for Biochemists (2 ed.). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854877-X.
• Cornish-Bowden, Athel (2016). Biochemical Evolution: the Pursuit of Perfection (2 ed.). Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-4552-7.

Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics

• Cornish-Bowden, Athel (1995). Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics (2 ed.). London: Portland Press. ISBN 1-85578-072-0.
• Cornish-Bowden, Athel (2004). Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics (3 ed.). London: Portland Press. ISBN 0408707216.
• Cornish-Bowden, Athel (2012). Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics (4 ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9783527330744.

References

1. Cornish-Bowden, AJ; Greenwell, P; Knowles, JR (June 1969). "The rate-determining step in pepsin-catalysed reactions, and evidence against an acyl-enzyme intermediate". The Biochemical Journal. 113 (2): 369–75. doi:10.1042/bj1130369. PMC 1184644. PMID 4897200.
2. Cornish-Bowden, A; Connolly, BA; Gregoriou, M; Holroyde, MJ; Storer, AC; Trayer, IP (December 1979). "Mammalian hexokinases: a system for the study of co-operativity in monomeric enzymes". Archivos de Biología y Medicina Experimentales. 12 (5): 581–5. PMID 552244.
3. Hofmeyr, JH; Cornish-Bowden, A (15 August 1991). "Quantitative assessment of regulation in metabolic systems". European Journal of Biochemistry. 200 (1): 223–36. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb21071.x. PMID 1879427.
4. Cornish-Bowden, A; Cárdenas, ML (7 December 2017). "Life before LUCA". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 434: 68–74. Bibcode:2017JThBi.434...68C. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.023. PMID 28536033.
5. Cornish-Bowden, AJ; Greenwell, P; Knowles, JR (June 1969). "The rate-determining step in pepsin-catalysed reactions, and evidence against an acyl-enzyme intermediate". The Biochemical Journal. 113 (2): 369–75. doi:10.1042/bj1130369. PMC 1184644. PMID 4897200.
6. Cornish-Bowden, A; Koshland DE, Jr (18 August 1970). "A general method for the quantitative determination of saturation curves for multisubunit proteins". Biochemistry. 9 (17): 3325–36. doi:10.1021/bi00819a006. PMID 4330854.
7. Silverberg, Michael (1997). "Review of Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics.; Analysis of Enzyme Kinetic Data". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 72 (3): 318-220. doi:10.1086/419873.
8. Patrick, Wayne (2017). "Biochemical Evolution: The Pursuit of Perfection by Athel Cornish-Bowden". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 92 (3): 92–93. doi:10.1086/419873.
9. Cornish-Bowden, Athel (2013). Principles of Enzyme Kinetics. John Wiley & Sons.
10. "Google Scholar".
11. Cornish-Bowden, AJ; Knowles, JR (June 1969). "The pH-dependence of pepsin-catalysed reactions". The Biochemical Journal. 113 (2): 353–62. doi:10.1042/bj1130353. PMC 1184642. PMID 4897198.
12. Cornish-Bowden, AJ; Greenwell, P; Knowles, JR (June 1969). "The rate-determining step in pepsin-catalysed reactions, and evidence against an acyl-enzyme intermediate". The Biochemical Journal. 113 (2): 369–75. doi:10.1042/bj1130369. PMC 1184644. PMID 4897200.
13. Cornish-Bowden, A; Koshland DE, Jr (10 December 1970). "The influence of binding domains on the nature of subunit interactions in oligomeric proteins. Application to unusual kinetic and binding patterns". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 245 (23): 6241–50. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)62600-6. PMID 5484808.
14. Cornish-Bowden, A; Koshland DE, Jr (18 August 1970). "A general method for the quantitative determination of saturation curves for multisubunit proteins". Biochemistry. 9 (17): 3325–36. doi:10.1021/bi00819a006. PMID 4330854.
15. Cornish-Bowden, A; Koshland DE, Jr (25 June 1975). "Diagnostic uses of the Hill (Logit and Nernst) plots". Journal of Molecular Biology. 95 (2): 201–12. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(75)90390-3. PMID 171413.
16. Cornish-Bowden, A (May 1975). "Letter: The physiological significance of negative co-operativity". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 51 (1): 233–5. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(75)90149-6. PMID 1142781.
17. Coleman, KJ; Cornish-Bowden, A; Cole, JA (1 November 1978). "Purification and properties of nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli K12". The Biochemical Journal. 175 (2): 483–93. doi:10.1042/bj1750483. PMC 1186095. PMID 217342.
18. Jackson, RH; Cole, JA; Cornish-Bowden, A (1 May 1982). "The steady state kinetics of the NADH-dependent nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli K12. The reduction of single-electron acceptors". The Biochemical Journal. 203 (2): 505–10. doi:10.1042/bj2030505. PMC 1158256. PMID 6288003.
19. Buc, J; Santini, CL; Blasco, F; Giordani, R; Cárdenas, ML; Chippaux, M; Cornish-Bowden, A; Giordano, G (15 December 1995). "Kinetic studies of a soluble alpha beta complex of nitrate reductase A from Escherichia coli. Use of various alpha beta mutants with altered beta subunits". European Journal of Biochemistry. 234 (3): 766–72. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.766_a.x. PMID 8575433.
20. Cornish-Bowden, A (15 February 1976). "The effect of natural selection on enzymic catalysis". Journal of Molecular Biology. 101 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(76)90062-0. PMID 1255718.
21. Cornish-Bowden, A (1985). "Are introns structural elements or evolutionary debris?". Nature. 313 (6002): 434–5. doi:10.1038/313434b0. PMID 3969152.
22. Hofmeyr, JH; Cornish-Bowden, A (15 August 1991). "Quantitative assessment of regulation in metabolic systems". European Journal of Biochemistry. 200 (1): 223–36. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb21071.x. PMID 1879427.
23. Cornish-Bowden, A; Hofmeyr, JH (1 March 1994). "Determination of control coefficients in intact metabolic systems". The Biochemical Journal. 298 ( Pt 2) (2): 367–75. doi:10.1042/bj2980367. PMC 1137949. PMID 8135743.
24. Hofmeyr, JH; Cornish-Bowden, A (7 October 1996). "Co-response analysis: a new experimental strategy for metabolic control analysis". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 182 (3): 371–80. Bibcode:1996JThBi.182..371H. doi:10.1006/jtbi.1996.0176. PMID 8944170.
25. Hofmeyr, JS; Cornish-Bowden, A (30 June 2000). "Regulating the cellular economy of supply and demand". FEBS Letters. 476 (1–2): 47–51. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01668-9. PMID 10878248.
26. Cornish-Bowden, A; Hofmeyr, JH (21 May 2002). "The role of stoichiometric analysis in studies of metabolism: an example". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 216 (2): 179–91. Bibcode:2002JThBi.216..179C. doi:10.1006/jtbi.2002.2547. PMID 12079370.
27. Cornish-Bowden, A; Cárdenas, ML; Letelier, JC; Soto-Andrade, J; Abarzúa, FG (December 2004). "Understanding the parts in terms of the whole". Biology of the Cell. 96 (9): 713–7. doi:10.1016/j.biolcel.2004.06.006. PMID 15567526.
28. Cornish-Bowden, A; Cárdenas, ML (October 2007). "Organizational invariance in (M,R)-systems". Chemistry & Biodiversity. 4 (10): 2396–406. doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790195. PMID 17955465. S2CID 6772968.
29. Cornish-Bowden, A; Cárdenas, ML (7 June 2008). "Self-organization at the origin of life". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 252 (3): 411–8. Bibcode:2008JThBi.252..411C. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.07.035. PMID 17889904.
30. Cárdenas, ML; Letelier, JC; Gutierrez, C; Cornish-Bowden, A; Soto-Andrade, J (7 March 2010). "Closure to efficient causation, computability and artificial life" (PDF). Journal of Theoretical Biology. 263 (1): 79–92. Bibcode:2010JThBi.263...79L. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.11.010. hdl:10533/130547. PMID 19962389.
31. Cornish-Bowden, AJ; Lagnado, J (December 2013). "Maud Leonora Menten: A woman at the dawn of biochemistry". The Biochemist. 35 (6): 46–47. doi:10.1042/BIO03506046.
32. Deichmann, U; Schuster, S; Mazat, J-P; Cornish-Bowden, A (January 2014). "Commemorating the 1913 Michaelis–Menten paper Die Kinetik der Invertinwirkung: three perspectives". The FEBS Journal. 81 (2): 435–463. doi:10.1111/febs.12598.
33. Cornish-Bowden, AJ (March 2015). "One hundred years of Michaelis–Menten kinetics". Perspectives in Science. 4: 3–9. doi:10.1016/j.pisc.2014.12.002.
34. Eisenthal, R; Cornish-Bowden, A (June 1974). "The direct linear plot. A new graphical procedure for estimating enzyme kinetic parameters". The Biochemical Journal. 139 (3): 715–20. doi:10.1042/bj1390715. PMC 1166335. PMID 4854723.
35. Cárdenas, ML; Cornish-Bowden, A; Ureta, T (5 March 1998). "Evolution and regulatory role of the hexokinases". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1401 (3): 242–64. doi:10.1016/s0167-4889(97)00150-x. PMID 9540816.
36. Hofmeyr, JS; Cornish-Bowden, A (30 June 2000). "Regulating the cellular economy of supply and demand". FEBS Letters. 476 (1–2): 47–51. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01668-9. PMID 10878248.
37. Dixon, H B F; Cornish-Bowden, A (1983). "Revision of Enzyme Nomenclature — Listing Enzymes". Eur. J. Biochem. 133 (3): 479. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07489.x.
38. Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB) (1983). "Symbolism and terminology in enzyme kinetics: recommendations 1981". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 224 (2): 732–740. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(83)90262-X.
39. Alberty, R A; Cornish-Bowden, A; Goldberg, R N; Tipton, K F; Westerhoff, H V (2011). "Recommendations for terminology and databases for biochemical thermodynamics". Biophys. Chem. 155 (2–3): 89–103. doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2011.03.007. PMID 21501921.
40. Hucka, A.; Finney, H. M.; Sauro, H.; Bolouri, J. C.; Doyle, H.; Kitano, A. P.; et al. (2003). "The systems biology markup language (SBML): a medium for representation and exchange of biochemical network models". Bioinformatics. 19 (4): 524–531. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg015. PMID 12611808.