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Cannon 102/35 Model 1914

January 15, 2023

The Cannon 102/35 Model 1914 was a naval gun of the Royal Italian Navy in World War I and World War II, which was modified for shore based anti-aircraft, field artillery, railway gun and coastal artillery roles.

Cannon 102/35 Model 1914
Cannon 102/35 Model 1914
TypeNaval gun
Anti-aircraft gun
Coastal artillery
Field Artillery
Railway gun
Place of originUnited Kingdom
Service history
In service1917-1960
Used byItaly
Romania
WarsWorld War I
World War II
Production history
DesignerSchneider
Designed1914
ManufacturerAnsaldo
Vickers-Terni
Produced1917
Specifications
Mass1,220 kg (2,690 lb)
Barrel length3.73 m (12 ft 3 in) 35 Caliber
Shell102 x 649mm R[1]
Shell weight13.7–15 kg (30–33 lb)
Caliber102 mm (4.0 in)
BreechHorizontal or Vertical sliding breech block
ElevationNaval: -5° to +45°
Dual-purpose: -5° to +80°
Traverse-360°
Rate of fire7 rpm
Muzzle velocity755 m/s (2,480 ft/s)
Effective firing range9.4 km (31,000 ft) AA ceiling[2]
Maximum firing range11.7 km (7.3 mi) at +45°[3]

History

The Cannon 102/35 Model 1914 was a licensed variant of a British QF 4-inch naval gun Mk V. These guns had hand elevation and traverse, had either vertical or horizontal semi-automatic sliding breech block mechanisms and used fixed quick fire ammunition.[4] The naval version was produced in four different models, manufactured by Ansaldo or Vickers and was mounted on three different types of mount.

102/35 variants:
  • Schneider Model 1914 - Single pedestal mount, left hand traverse & elevation and semi-automatic breech.[5]
  • Schneider-Ansaldo Model 1914 - Single pedestal mount, right hand traverse & elevation and semi-automatic breech.[6]
  • Schneider-Ansaldo-Vickers Model 1914-1915 - Single mount, center pivot, semi-automatic breech, with elevation increased to 80°.[7]
  • Vickers-Terni Model 1915 - Dual-purpose, single mount, with semi-automatic breech.[8]

Naval use

The 102/35 armed many classes of destroyers of the Royal Italian Navy produced during and immediately after World War I, as well as some classes of submarine. As early as World War I the Cannon 102/35 was in the process of being replaced by the 102/45 or the later 120/45.[9] However the 102/35 stayed on in a number of different roles in navy and army service until World War II.

Ship classes that carried the 102/35 include:

World War I – land use

Before Italy’s entry into World War I in 1915, Ansaldo offered to provide the Royal Italian Army with forty seven 102/35 guns originally earmarked for installation on destroyers. These were fitted with large shields and mounted on SPA 9000 truck chassis and were known as 102/35 on SPA 9000. The Army urgently needed mobile heavy field artillery and these were the first truck-mounted field artillery of the Italian Army. The total number of guns produced was 99–105 and these armed sixteen mobile batteries during World War I. These proved effective in operations against Austro-Hungarian forces, however in 1919 the guns were removed from the trucks and are believed to have been returned to the navy.[10]

World War II – land use

When Italy entered World War II in 1940 it was estimated that one hundred ten 102/35 guns were still in service. Six were mounted on a navy armored train, which had two carriages each armed with three guns. While others were mounted on anti-aircraft mounts or used as coastal artillery. In 1941 the Fiat plant in Tripoli mounted seven on trucks and were referred to as 102/35 su Fiat 634N. The guns came from defenses around Tripoli and these established the 1st and 6th mobile batteries, manned by men of the Maritime Militia Artillery. The 102/35 guns were used as anti-aircraft guns, anti-tank guns and as field-artillery. The 1st mobile battery was assigned to the 132nd Armoured Division Ariete, while the 6th mobile battery was assigned to the 102nd Motorised Division Trento.[11]

A few guns were also used by Romania, forming an anti-aircraft battery near the port of Constanța. The battery took part in the Raid on Constanța, the main naval battle in the Black Sea during the War, managing to shoot down six Soviet aircraft.[12]

Photo gallery

  •  

    102/35 on central pivot mount

  •  

    102/35 on SPA9000 captured by the Austrians in WWI

  •  

    102/35 on SPA9000 captured by the Austrians in WWI

Notes

  1. ^ "101". www.quarryhs.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
  2. ^ Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Anti-aircraft guns. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco Pub. Co. p. 32. ISBN 0668038187. OCLC 2000222.
  3. ^ DiGiulian, Tony. "Italy 102 mm/35 (4") Schneider-Armstrong Model 1914-1915 - NavWeaps". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  4. ^ Friedman, Norman (2011-01-01). Naval weapons of World War One. Seaforth. ISBN 9781848321007. OCLC 786178793.
  5. ^ "CANNONE da 102/35 SCHNEIDER 1914". www.anb-online.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  6. ^ "CANNONE da 102/35 S.A. 1914". www.anb-online.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  7. ^ "CANNONE da 102/35 S.A.V. 1914-1915". www.anb-online.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  8. ^ "CANNONE da 102/35 VICKERS-TERNI Mod. 1915". www.anb-online.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  9. ^ Campbell, John (2002-01-01). Naval weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0870214594. OCLC 51995246.
  10. ^ Pignato, Nicola; Spraggins, Matheu (2010-01-01). Italian truck-mounted artillery in action. Squadron/Signal Publications. ISBN 9780897476010. OCLC 917891702.
  11. ^ Pignato, Nicola; Spraggins, Matheu (2010-01-01). Italian truck-mounted artillery in action. Squadron/Signal Publications. ISBN 9780897476010. OCLC 917891702.
  12. ^ Adrian Storea, Gheorghe Băjenaru, Artileria română în date și imagini (Romanian artillery in data and pictures), p. 110 (in Romanian)

Bibliography

January 15, 2023
cannon, model, 1914, naval, royal, italian, navy, world, world, which, modified, shore, based, anti, aircraft, field, artillery, railway, coastal, artillery, roles, typenaval, gunanti, aircraft, guncoastal, artilleryfield, artilleryrailway, gunplace, originuni. The Cannon 102 35 Model 1914 was a naval gun of the Royal Italian Navy in World War I and World War II which was modified for shore based anti aircraft field artillery railway gun and coastal artillery roles Cannon 102 35 Model 1914Cannon 102 35 Model 1914TypeNaval gunAnti aircraft gunCoastal artilleryField ArtilleryRailway gunPlace of originUnited KingdomService historyIn service1917 1960Used byItalyRomaniaWarsWorld War IWorld War IIProduction historyDesignerSchneiderDesigned1914ManufacturerAnsaldoVickers TerniProduced1917SpecificationsMass1 220 kg 2 690 lb Barrel length3 73 m 12 ft 3 in 35 CaliberShell102 x 649mm R 1 Shell weight13 7 15 kg 30 33 lb Caliber102 mm 4 0 in BreechHorizontal or Vertical sliding breech blockElevationNaval 5 to 45 Dual purpose 5 to 80 Traverse 360 Rate of fire7 rpmMuzzle velocity755 m s 2 480 ft s Effective firing range9 4 km 31 000 ft AA ceiling 2 Maximum firing range11 7 km 7 3 mi at 45 3 Contents 1 History 1 1 Naval use 1 2 World War I land use 1 3 World War II land use 2 Photo gallery 3 Notes 4 BibliographyHistory EditThe Cannon 102 35 Model 1914 was a licensed variant of a British QF 4 inch naval gun Mk V These guns had hand elevation and traverse had either vertical or horizontal semi automatic sliding breech block mechanisms and used fixed quick fire ammunition 4 The naval version was produced in four different models manufactured by Ansaldo or Vickers and was mounted on three different types of mount 102 35 variants Schneider Model 1914 Single pedestal mount left hand traverse amp elevation and semi automatic breech 5 Schneider Ansaldo Model 1914 Single pedestal mount right hand traverse amp elevation and semi automatic breech 6 Schneider Ansaldo Vickers Model 1914 1915 Single mount center pivot semi automatic breech with elevation increased to 80 7 Vickers Terni Model 1915 Dual purpose single mount with semi automatic breech 8 Naval use Edit The 102 35 armed many classes of destroyers of the Royal Italian Navy produced during and immediately after World War I as well as some classes of submarine As early as World War I the Cannon 102 35 was in the process of being replaced by the 102 45 or the later 120 45 9 However the 102 35 stayed on in a number of different roles in navy and army service until World War II Ship classes that carried the 102 35 include Allesandro Poerio class Andrea Bafile class Argonauta class Bandiera class Bragadin class Giuseppe Sirtori class Indomito class Mameli class Mirabello class Rosolino Pilo class Settembrini class Squalo class Pisani class World War I land use Edit Before Italy s entry into World War I in 1915 Ansaldo offered to provide the Royal Italian Army with forty seven 102 35 guns originally earmarked for installation on destroyers These were fitted with large shields and mounted on SPA 9000 truck chassis and were known as 102 35 on SPA 9000 The Army urgently needed mobile heavy field artillery and these were the first truck mounted field artillery of the Italian Army The total number of guns produced was 99 105 and these armed sixteen mobile batteries during World War I These proved effective in operations against Austro Hungarian forces however in 1919 the guns were removed from the trucks and are believed to have been returned to the navy 10 World War II land use Edit When Italy entered World War II in 1940 it was estimated that one hundred ten 102 35 guns were still in service Six were mounted on a navy armored train which had two carriages each armed with three guns While others were mounted on anti aircraft mounts or used as coastal artillery In 1941 the Fiat plant in Tripoli mounted seven on trucks and were referred to as 102 35 su Fiat 634N The guns came from defenses around Tripoli and these established the 1st and 6th mobile batteries manned by men of the Maritime Militia Artillery The 102 35 guns were used as anti aircraft guns anti tank guns and as field artillery The 1st mobile battery was assigned to the 132nd Armoured Division Ariete while the 6th mobile battery was assigned to the 102nd Motorised Division Trento 11 A few guns were also used by Romania forming an anti aircraft battery near the port of Constanța The battery took part in the Raid on Constanța the main naval battle in the Black Sea during the War managing to shoot down six Soviet aircraft 12 Photo gallery Edit 102 35 on central pivot mount 102 35 on SPA9000 captured by the Austrians in WWI 102 35 on SPA9000 captured by the Austrians in WWINotes Edit 101 www quarryhs co uk Retrieved 2017 09 11 Chamberlain Peter 1975 Anti aircraft guns Gander Terry New York Arco Pub Co p 32 ISBN 0668038187 OCLC 2000222 DiGiulian Tony Italy 102 mm 35 4 Schneider Armstrong Model 1914 1915 NavWeaps www navweaps com Retrieved 2017 03 11 Friedman Norman 2011 01 01 Naval weapons of World War One Seaforth ISBN 9781848321007 OCLC 786178793 CANNONE da 102 35 SCHNEIDER 1914 www anb online it in Italian Retrieved 2017 03 11 CANNONE da 102 35 S A 1914 www anb online it in Italian Retrieved 2017 03 11 CANNONE da 102 35 S A V 1914 1915 www anb online it in Italian Retrieved 2017 03 11 CANNONE da 102 35 VICKERS TERNI Mod 1915 www anb online it in Italian Retrieved 2017 03 11 Campbell John 2002 01 01 Naval weapons of World War Two Naval Institute Press ISBN 0870214594 OCLC 51995246 Pignato Nicola Spraggins Matheu 2010 01 01 Italian truck mounted artillery in action Squadron Signal Publications ISBN 9780897476010 OCLC 917891702 Pignato Nicola Spraggins Matheu 2010 01 01 Italian truck mounted artillery in action Squadron Signal Publications ISBN 9780897476010 OCLC 917891702 Adrian Storea Gheorghe Băjenaru Artileria romană in date și imagini Romanian artillery in data and pictures p 110 in Romanian Bibliography EditCampbell John 1985 Naval Weapons of World War Two Naval Institute Press ISBN 0 87021 459 4 Friedman Norman 2011 Naval Weapons of World War One Barnsley South Yorkshire UK Seaforth ISBN 978 1 84832 100 7 Riccio Ralph Pignato Nicola 2010 Italian Truck Mounted Artillery In Action In Action Series Squadron Signal Publications ISBN 978 0 89747 601 0 http www navweaps com Weapons WNIT 4 35 m1914 php Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cannon 102 35 Model 1914 amp oldid 1123555496, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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