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85th Regiment of Foot (Bucks Volunteers)

April 07, 2024

For other units with the same regimental number, see 85th Regiment of Foot (disambiguation).

The 85th (Bucks Volunteers) Regiment of Foot was a British Army line infantry regiment, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 53rd (Shropshire) Regiment of Foot to form the King's Shropshire Light Infantry in 1881.

85th Regiment of Foot (Bucks Volunteers)
Active1793 - 1881
Country Kingdom of Great Britain (1793–1800)
 United Kingdom (1801–1881)
Branch British Army
TypeInfantry
SizeOne battalion (two battalions 1800–1802)
Garrison/HQCowley Barracks, Oxford
Nickname(s)The Young Bucks[1]
The Elegant Extracts[1]
Engagements

History edit

Formation edit

 
Lieutenant-Colonel George Nugent, founder of the regiment

The regiment was raised in Buckinghamshire by Lieutenant-Colonel George Nugent as the 85th Regiment of Foot, in response to the threat posed by the French Revolution, on 18 November 1793.[2] The regiment was sent to join the Duke of York's army in the Netherlands in 1794 as part of the unsuccessful defence of that country against the Republican French during the Flanders Campaign.[3] It was posted to Gibraltar in 1795 and returned home in 1797.[3] It embarked for the Netherlands again in August 1799 and saw action at the Battle of Alkmaar and the Battle of Castricum in October 1799 during the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland.[3]

Napoleonic Wars edit

 
The Battle of New Orleans, at which the regiment carried out a successful attack, January 1815

A second battalion was raised in 1800.[2] The 1st Battalion was deployed to Madeira in 1801 and both battalions went to Jamaica in 1802; the two battalions were amalgamated there later in the year.[3] The regiment absorbed the Bucks volunteers in 1802 and became the 85th (Bucks Volunteers) Regiment of Foot in 1802.[2] It returned to England in 1808 and converted to a Light Infantry role, becoming the 85th (Bucks Volunteers) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) later in the year.[2] The regiment next took part in the disastrous Walcheren Campaign in autumn 1809.[3]

The regiment embarked for Portugal in 1811 for service under Viscount Wellington in the Peninsular War.[3] It fought at the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in May 1811, the Second Siege of Badajoz later that month and the Siege of San Sebastián in autumn 1813.[3] It then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813 and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813 before returning to England in April 1814.[3]

The regiment was dispatched to North America in May 1814 and saw action in the last phase of the War of 1812.[4] It fought at the Battle of Bladensburg, capturing two American colours, in August 1814.[5] Under the command of Colonel William Thornton, the regiment accompanied by detachments from the Royal Navy and Royal Marines,[6][7][8] carried out a successful attack on the American positions on the west bank of the Mississippi River during the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815.[9] Casualties among the regiment were: 2 dead, 1 captured and 41 wounded.[9] The regiment returned home later that year.[3]

The Victorian era edit

The regiment was dispatched to Malta and became the 85th (or The Duke of York's Own) Regiment of Light Infantry (Bucks Volunteers) in April 1821.[2] After that it transferred to Gibraltar and became the 85th, or The King's Regiment of Light Infantry (Bucks Volunteers) in August 1827.[2] The regiment went back to Malta in 1828 and then returned home in 1831.[3] It embarked for Canada in 1838 as part of the response to the rebellions in Lower and Upper Canada and then transferred to the West Indies in 1843 before returning home in 1846.[3] The regiment was posted to Mauritius in 1853 and South Africa in 1856 before returning home again in 1863.[3] It embarked for India in 1868 and was deployed to Afghanistan for service in the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1878.[3] After returning to India, it took part in operations against the Zaimukhts and was involved in the destruction of their capital, Zawa, in 1879.[5]

As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 85th was linked with the 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 42 at Cowley Barracks in Oxford.[10] On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with 53rd (Shropshire) Regiment of Foot to become the 2nd battalion, the King's Shropshire Light Infantry.[2]

Battle honours edit

Battle honours won by the regiment were:[2]

Colonels of the Regiment edit

Colonels of the Regiment were:[2]

85th Regiment of Foot edit

85th (Bucks Volunteers) Regiment of Foot - (1802) edit

85th (Bucks Volunteers) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) - (1808) edit

85th (or The Duke of York's Own) Regiment of Light Infantry (Bucks Volunteers) - (1821) edit

85th, or The King's Regiment of Light Infantry (Bucks Volunteers) - (1827) edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Burnham, Robert; McGuigan, Ron (2010). The British Army against Napoleon. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Frontline Books. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-84832-562-3.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i . regiments.org. Archived from the original on 15 July 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m . Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 16 June 2006. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  4. ^ Vetch, Robert Hamilton (1898). "Thornton, William (1779?-1840)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 56. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 309–310.
  5. ^ a b "The 85th Regiment: History 1759 - 1881". Shropshire Regimental Museum. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  6. ^ Patterson, Benton Rain, p. 230.
  7. ^ "Correspondence from Cochrane, ADM 1/508 folio 757, states 'the whole amounting to about six hundred men'".
  8. ^ Gleig, George (1840). "Recollections of the Expedition to the Chesapeake, and against New Orleans, by an Old Sub". United Service Journal (2). Gleig, on p340, uses the source document a report from Thornton to Pakenham 'we were unable to proceed across the river until eight hours after the time appointed, and even then with only a third part of the force which you had allotted for the service * viz 298 of the 85th, and 200 Seamen and Marines'
  9. ^ a b "No. 16991". The London Gazette. 9 March 1815. pp. 440–446.
  10. ^ . Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2016.

Sources edit

  • Patterson, Benton Rain (2008), The Generals, Andrew Jackson, Sir Edward Pakenham, and the road to New Orleans, New York: New York University Press, ISBN 978-0-8147-6717-7

Further reading edit

  • Barratt, C.R.B. (1913). The 85th King's Light Infantry. Spottiswoode.
  • Robinson, Colonel William (1970). The History Of The Corps Of The King'S Shropshire Light Infantry. Volume II. The 85th Regiment, 1759-1881.

April 07, 2024
85th, regiment, foot, bucks, volunteers, other, units, with, same, regimental, number, 85th, regiment, foot, disambiguation, 85th, bucks, volunteers, regiment, foot, british, army, line, infantry, regiment, raised, 1793, under, childers, reforms, amalgamated, . For other units with the same regimental number see 85th Regiment of Foot disambiguation The 85th Bucks Volunteers Regiment of Foot was a British Army line infantry regiment raised in 1793 Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 53rd Shropshire Regiment of Foot to form the King s Shropshire Light Infantry in 1881 85th Regiment of Foot Bucks Volunteers Active1793 1881Country Kingdom of Great Britain 1793 1800 United Kingdom 1801 1881 Branch British ArmyTypeInfantrySizeOne battalion two battalions 1800 1802 Garrison HQCowley Barracks OxfordNickname s The Young Bucks 1 The Elegant Extracts 1 EngagementsWar of 1812 Battle of Bladensburg French Revolutionary Wars Napoleonic Wars Second Anglo Afghan War Contents 1 History 1 1 Formation 1 2 Napoleonic Wars 1 3 The Victorian era 2 Battle honours 3 Colonels of the Regiment 3 1 85th Regiment of Foot 3 2 85th Bucks Volunteers Regiment of Foot 1802 3 3 85th Bucks Volunteers Regiment of Foot Light Infantry 1808 3 4 85th or The Duke of York s Own Regiment of Light Infantry Bucks Volunteers 1821 3 5 85th or The King s Regiment of Light Infantry Bucks Volunteers 1827 4 References 5 Sources 6 Further readingHistory editFormation edit nbsp Lieutenant Colonel George Nugent founder of the regimentThe regiment was raised in Buckinghamshire by Lieutenant Colonel George Nugent as the 85th Regiment of Foot in response to the threat posed by the French Revolution on 18 November 1793 2 The regiment was sent to join the Duke of York s army in the Netherlands in 1794 as part of the unsuccessful defence of that country against the Republican French during the Flanders Campaign 3 It was posted to Gibraltar in 1795 and returned home in 1797 3 It embarked for the Netherlands again in August 1799 and saw action at the Battle of Alkmaar and the Battle of Castricum in October 1799 during the Anglo Russian invasion of Holland 3 Napoleonic Wars edit nbsp The Battle of New Orleans at which the regiment carried out a successful attack January 1815A second battalion was raised in 1800 2 The 1st Battalion was deployed to Madeira in 1801 and both battalions went to Jamaica in 1802 the two battalions were amalgamated there later in the year 3 The regiment absorbed the Bucks volunteers in 1802 and became the 85th Bucks Volunteers Regiment of Foot in 1802 2 It returned to England in 1808 and converted to a Light Infantry role becoming the 85th Bucks Volunteers Regiment of Foot Light Infantry later in the year 2 The regiment next took part in the disastrous Walcheren Campaign in autumn 1809 3 The regiment embarked for Portugal in 1811 for service under Viscount Wellington in the Peninsular War 3 It fought at the Battle of Fuentes de Onoro in May 1811 the Second Siege of Badajoz later that month and the Siege of San Sebastian in autumn 1813 3 It then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813 and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813 before returning to England in April 1814 3 The regiment was dispatched to North America in May 1814 and saw action in the last phase of the War of 1812 4 It fought at the Battle of Bladensburg capturing two American colours in August 1814 5 Under the command of Colonel William Thornton the regiment accompanied by detachments from the Royal Navy and Royal Marines 6 7 8 carried out a successful attack on the American positions on the west bank of the Mississippi River during the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815 9 Casualties among the regiment were 2 dead 1 captured and 41 wounded 9 The regiment returned home later that year 3 The Victorian era edit The regiment was dispatched to Malta and became the 85th or The Duke of York s Own Regiment of Light Infantry Bucks Volunteers in April 1821 2 After that it transferred to Gibraltar and became the 85th or The King s Regiment of Light Infantry Bucks Volunteers in August 1827 2 The regiment went back to Malta in 1828 and then returned home in 1831 3 It embarked for Canada in 1838 as part of the response to the rebellions in Lower and Upper Canada and then transferred to the West Indies in 1843 before returning home in 1846 3 The regiment was posted to Mauritius in 1853 and South Africa in 1856 before returning home again in 1863 3 It embarked for India in 1868 and was deployed to Afghanistan for service in the Second Anglo Afghan War in 1878 3 After returning to India it took part in operations against the Zaimukhts and was involved in the destruction of their capital Zawa in 1879 5 As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s where single battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom the 85th was linked with the 52nd Oxfordshire Regiment of Foot and assigned to district no 42 at Cowley Barracks in Oxford 10 On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with 53rd Shropshire Regiment of Foot to become the 2nd battalion the King s Shropshire Light Infantry 2 Battle honours editBattle honours won by the regiment were 2 Peninsular War Fuentes d Onor Nive Peninsula War of 1812 Bladensburg Second Anglo Afghan War Afghanistan 1879 80Colonels of the Regiment editColonels of the Regiment were 2 85th Regiment of Foot edit 1794 1805 F M Sir George Nugent Bt GCB85th Bucks Volunteers Regiment of Foot 1802 edit 1805 1806 Lt Gen Sir Charles Ross Bt 1806 1807 Gen Sir Charles Asgill Bt GCH85th Bucks Volunteers Regiment of Foot Light Infantry 1808 edit 1807 1815 Gen Thomas Slaughter Stanwix 1815 1823 Gen Sir James Willoughby Gordon Bt GCB GCH85th or The Duke of York s Own Regiment of Light Infantry Bucks Volunteers 1821 edit 1823 1839 Lt Gen Sir Herbert Taylor GCB GCH85th or The King s Regiment of Light Infantry Bucks Volunteers 1827 edit 1839 1840 Lt Gen Sir William Thornton KCB 1840 1843 F M Sir John Forster Fitzgerald GCB 1843 1847 Lt Gen Sir Thomas Pearson KCB KCH 1847 1865 Gen Sir John Wright Guise Bt GCB 1865 1875 Gen Frederick Maunsell 1875 1876 Lt Gen George Campbell CB 1876 1879 Gen Arnold Charles Errington 1879 1880 Lt Gen Percy Hill CB 1880 1881 Gen Sir Henry Percival de Bathe Bt References edit a b Burnham Robert McGuigan Ron 2010 The British Army against Napoleon Barnsley South Yorkshire Frontline Books p 128 ISBN 978 1 84832 562 3 a b c d e f g h i 85th or The King s Regiment of Light Infantry Bucks Volunteers regiments org Archived from the original on 15 July 2006 Retrieved 6 August 2016 a b c d e f g h i j k l m 85th Regiment of Foot Bucks Volunteers Locations Regiments org Archived from the original on 16 June 2006 Retrieved 4 March 2017 Vetch Robert Hamilton 1898 Thornton William 1779 1840 In Lee Sidney ed Dictionary of National Biography Vol 56 London Smith Elder amp Co pp 309 310 a b The 85th Regiment History 1759 1881 Shropshire Regimental Museum Retrieved 4 March 2017 Patterson Benton Rain p 230 Correspondence from Cochrane ADM 1 508 folio 757 states the whole amounting to about six hundred men Gleig George 1840 Recollections of the Expedition to the Chesapeake and against New Orleans by an Old Sub United Service Journal 2 Gleig on p340 uses the source document a report from Thornton to Pakenham we were unable to proceed across the river until eight hours after the time appointed and even then with only a third part of the force which you had allotted for the service viz 298 of the 85th and 200 Seamen and Marines a b No 16991 The London Gazette 9 March 1815 pp 440 446 Training Depots Regiments org Archived from the original on 10 February 2006 Retrieved 16 October 2016 Sources editPatterson Benton Rain 2008 The Generals Andrew Jackson Sir Edward Pakenham and the road to New Orleans New York New York University Press ISBN 978 0 8147 6717 7Further reading editBarratt C R B 1913 The 85th King s Light Infantry Spottiswoode Robinson Colonel William 1970 The History Of The Corps Of The King S Shropshire Light Infantry Volume II The 85th Regiment 1759 1881 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 85th Regiment of Foot Bucks Volunteers amp oldid 1215424624, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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