"52-K" redirects here. For the isotope of potassium (52K), see Potassium-52.
The 85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K) (Russian: 85-мм зенитная пушка обр. 1939 г. (52-К))[4] was an 85 mm (3.3 in) Sovietanti-aircraft gun, developed under guidance of leading Soviet designers M. N. Loginov and G. D. Dorokhin. This gun was successfully used throughout the Second World War against level bombers and other high- and medium-altitude targets. In emergencies they were utilized as powerful anti-tank weapons. The barrel of the 52-K was the basis for the family of 85-mm Soviet tank guns. After the war some 52-Ks were refitted for peaceful purposes as anti-avalanche guns in mountainous terrain.
Virtually every country behind the Iron Curtain received this gun after World War II for their air defense. In the Soviet Union itself, these guns were largely superseded by the 100 and 130 mm guns.
Adopted in 1939, the 85-mm M1939, like its German counterpart the 88-mm Flak 18/36/37, was meant for air defense. Like many anti-aircraft (AA) guns of the era it was also provided with anti-tankammunition in the event a tank should appear.
Organizationedit
85-mm M1939 guns were organized into heavy anti-aircraft regiments of 16 guns. The regiments were organized into divisions of the field anti-aircraft forces.
Tank gunsedit
A ZiS-S-53 at the Arsenal Museum in Zamość, Poland.
By 1942, the 76.2mm F-34 tank gun of the T-34 medium tank was found to be lacking in range and penetration compared to the German 75 mm Pak 40 anti-tank gun, new mounted on the Stug III and Panzer IV, and markedly inferior to the 88-mm gun of the Tiger I. Military planners directed the design bureaus of both Gen. Vasiliy Grabin and Gen. Fyodor Petrov to modify the 85mm anti-aircraft gun for use as an anti-tank weapon.
Petrov's bureau developed the D-5 85mm gun. Though much too large for the T-34 turret, it could be mounted in the chassis of the SU-122 self-propelled gun to create a tank destroyer. This was done, and the SU-85 tank destroyer went into production. Meanwhile, efforts were underway to redesign the T-34 turret to make it large enough to accommodate the newly developed gun.
Grabin, who had been working on a second 85mm gun, the ZiS-53, at Joseph Stalin Factory No. 92 in Gorky near Moscow, was reassigned to the Central Artillery Design Bureau (TsAKB) in Moscow. His project was turned over to 23-year-old A. Savin. A third team led by K. Siderenko was assigned to yet another 85mm gun project, and developed the S-18, to be used in the modified T-34 turret.
The resulting guns were tested at Gorokhoviesky Proving Grounds near Gorky, with Grabin's ZiS-53 winning the competition. However, the new T-34/85's turret had been designed to accommodate the already-available D-5 gun, and did not mate properly with Grabin's gun. The T-34/85 tank went into production making use of the D-5 gun (designated D-5T, for "tank").
Savin was put to work modifying Grabin's gun to fit the new turret and incorporate other improvements. His initial was added to his gun's designation in recognition of his contribution: the ZiS-S-53. From T-34/85 Model 1944 onwards, all T-34/85s used Savin's ZiS-S-53. It went into production in the spring of 1944. A new antitank gun was then developed, the 100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3).
Penetration comparisonedit
Calculated penetration figures at (90 degrees) against US 240 BRN rolled test plate and 50% success criteria[5] and allowing direct comparison to foreign gun performance.[6]
^Chamberlain, Peter; Gander, Terry (1975). Anti-aircraft guns. New York: Arco Pub. Co. p. 63. ISBN0668038187. OCLC 2000222.
^"KS-12 KS-12A 85mm M1939 M1944 anti-aircraft gun cannon technical data sheet specifications pictures | Russia Russian army light heavy weapons UK | Russia Russian army military equipment vehicles UK".
^Against a given plate thickness the average highest velocity failure and lowest velocity penetration are averaged to determine muzzle velocity at which 50% of hits penetrate
^Bird, Lorrin Rexford; Livingston, Robert D. (2001). WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery. Overmatch Press. p. 59.
Bibliographyedit
Hogg, Ian (2000). Twentieth-Century Artillery. Friedman/Fairfax Publishers. ISBN1-58663-299-X.
Jane's Armour and Artillery (1982). Jane's Publishing Company, Ltd. ISBN0-7106-0727-X.yj
Shunkov V. N. - The Weapons of the Red Army, Mn. Harvest, 1999 (Шунков В. Н. - Оружие Красной Армии. — Мн.: Харвест, 1999.) ISBN985-433-469-4.
Zaloga, Steven J., James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two, London: Arms and Armour Prembss. ISBN0-85368-606-8.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 85-mm air defense gun model 1939 (52-К).
Soviet 85mm tank guns penetration table
May 07, 2024
defense, m1939, redirects, here, isotope, potassium, potassium, russian, мм, зенитная, пушка, обр, 1939, soviet, anti, aircraft, developed, under, guidance, leading, soviet, designers, loginov, dorokhin, this, successfully, used, throughout, second, world, aga. 52 K redirects here For the isotope of potassium 52K see Potassium 52 The 85 mm air defense gun M1939 52 K Russian 85 mm zenitnaya pushka obr 1939 g 52 K 4 was an 85 mm 3 3 in Soviet anti aircraft gun developed under guidance of leading Soviet designers M N Loginov and G D Dorokhin This gun was successfully used throughout the Second World War against level bombers and other high and medium altitude targets In emergencies they were utilized as powerful anti tank weapons The barrel of the 52 K was the basis for the family of 85 mm Soviet tank guns After the war some 52 Ks were refitted for peaceful purposes as anti avalanche guns in mountainous terrain 85 mm air defense gun M1939 52 K TypeAnti aircraft gunTank gunPlace of originSoviet UnionService historyWarsWorld War IIProduction historyProduced1939 1945SpecificationsMasscombat 4 500 kg 9 921 lbs travel 4 500 kg 9 921 lbs Length7 05 m 23 ft 2 in Barrel length4 7 m 15 ft 5 in 55 Calibers 1 Width2 15 m 7 ft 1 in Height2 25 m 7 ft 5 in Crew7Shell85 629 mmR 2 Shell weight9 2 kg 20 lb 5 oz 3 Caliber85 mm 3 34 in BreechVertical sliding wedgeRecoilHydro pneumatic 1 Carriage2 axle and 4 wheeled with outriggersElevation 3 to 82 Traverse360 Rate of fire10 12 rounds per minuteMuzzle velocity792 m s 2 598 ft s Effective firing range10 500m 34 448 ft vertical range Maximum firing range15 65 km 51 127 ft 9 72 mi Virtually every country behind the Iron Curtain received this gun after World War II for their air defense In the Soviet Union itself these guns were largely superseded by the 100 and 130 mm guns Contents 1 Description 2 Organization 3 Tank guns 4 Penetration comparison 5 See also 5 1 Weapons of comparable role performance and era 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksDescription editAdopted in 1939 the 85 mm M1939 like its German counterpart the 88 mm Flak 18 36 37 was meant for air defense Like many anti aircraft AA guns of the era it was also provided with anti tank ammunition in the event a tank should appear Organization edit85 mm M1939 guns were organized into heavy anti aircraft regiments of 16 guns The regiments were organized into divisions of the field anti aircraft forces Tank guns edit nbsp A ZiS S 53 at the Arsenal Museum in Zamosc Poland By 1942 the 76 2mm F 34 tank gun of the T 34 medium tank was found to be lacking in range and penetration compared to the German 75 mm Pak 40 anti tank gun new mounted on the Stug III and Panzer IV and markedly inferior to the 88 mm gun of the Tiger I Military planners directed the design bureaus of both Gen Vasiliy Grabin and Gen Fyodor Petrov to modify the 85mm anti aircraft gun for use as an anti tank weapon Petrov s bureau developed the D 5 85mm gun Though much too large for the T 34 turret it could be mounted in the chassis of the SU 122 self propelled gun to create a tank destroyer This was done and the SU 85 tank destroyer went into production Meanwhile efforts were underway to redesign the T 34 turret to make it large enough to accommodate the newly developed gun Grabin who had been working on a second 85mm gun the ZiS 53 at Joseph Stalin Factory No 92 in Gorky near Moscow was reassigned to the Central Artillery Design Bureau TsAKB in Moscow His project was turned over to 23 year old A Savin A third team led by K Siderenko was assigned to yet another 85mm gun project and developed the S 18 to be used in the modified T 34 turret The resulting guns were tested at Gorokhoviesky Proving Grounds near Gorky with Grabin s ZiS 53 winning the competition However the new T 34 85 s turret had been designed to accommodate the already available D 5 gun and did not mate properly with Grabin s gun The T 34 85 tank went into production making use of the D 5 gun designated D 5T for tank Savin was put to work modifying Grabin s gun to fit the new turret and incorporate other improvements His initial was added to his gun s designation in recognition of his contribution the ZiS S 53 From T 34 85 Model 1944 onwards all T 34 85s used Savin s ZiS S 53 It went into production in the spring of 1944 A new antitank gun was then developed the 100 mm field gun M1944 BS 3 Penetration comparison editCalculated penetration figures at 90 degrees against US 240 BRN rolled test plate and 50 success criteria 5 and allowing direct comparison to foreign gun performance 6 Gun type Ammunition type Muzzle velocity m s Penetration mm 100 m 250 m 500 m 750 m 1000 m 1250 m 1500 m 2000 m 2500 m 3000 m 85mm L52 D 5T AP 792 m s 2 600 ft s 142 135 125 116 107 99 92 78 67 57 85mm L52 D 5T APBC 792 m s 2 600 ft s 139 133 123 114 105 98 91 81 73 65 85mm L52 D 5T APCR 1 050 m s 3 400 ft s 175 159 136 117 100 85 73 54 39 29See also editDesignations of Russian towed artillery Weapons of comparable role performance and era edit British QF 3 7 inch AA gun German 8 8 cm Flak 18 36 37 41 Italian Cannone da 90 53 US 90 mm Gun M1References edit a b Foss Christopher 1977 Jane s pocket book of towed artillery New York Collier p 249 ISBN 0020806000 OCLC 911907988 78 MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES quarryhs co uk Chamberlain Peter Gander Terry 1975 Anti aircraft guns New York Arco Pub Co p 63 ISBN 0668038187 OCLC 2000222 KS 12 KS 12A 85mm M1939 M1944 anti aircraft gun cannon technical data sheet specifications pictures Russia Russian army light heavy weapons UK Russia Russian army military equipment vehicles UK Against a given plate thickness the average highest velocity failure and lowest velocity penetration are averaged to determine muzzle velocity at which 50 of hits penetrate Bird Lorrin Rexford Livingston Robert D 2001 WWII Ballistics Armor and Gunnery Overmatch Press p 59 Bibliography editHogg Ian 2000 Twentieth Century Artillery Friedman Fairfax Publishers ISBN 1 58663 299 X Jane s Armour and Artillery 1982 Jane s Publishing Company Ltd ISBN 0 7106 0727 X yj Shunkov V N The Weapons of the Red Army Mn Harvest 1999 Shunkov V N Oruzhie Krasnoj Armii Mn Harvest 1999 ISBN 985 433 469 4 Zaloga Steven J James Grandsen 1984 Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two London Arms and Armour Prembss ISBN 0 85368 606 8 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to 85 mm air defense gun model 1939 52 K Soviet 85mm tank guns penetration table Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 85 mm air defense gun M1939 52 K amp oldid 1180353766, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
