6th Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment
The 6th (County Tyrone) Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment (6 UDR) was formed in 1970 as part of the seven original battalions specified in The Ulster Defence Regiment Act 1969, which received Royal Assent on 18 December 1969[1] and was brought into force on 1 January 1970.[2][3] It was, along with the rest of the regiment, amalgamated with the Royal Irish Rangers in 1992 to form the Royal Irish Regiment.
| 6th (County Tyrone) Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment | |
|---|---|
Ulster Defence regimental crest | |
| Active | 1971–1992 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Infantry battalion |
| Role | Internal Security |
| Size | 750 |
| Regimental Headquarters | Lisburn |
| Motto(s) | "Quis Separabit" (Latin) "Who Shall Separate Us?" |
| March | (Quick) Garryowen & Sprig of Shillelagh. (Slow) Oft in the Stilly Night |
| Commanders | |
| Colonel Commandant | First: General Sir John Anderson GBE, KCB, DSO. Last: General Sir Charles Huxtable, KCB, CBE, DL |
| Colonel of the Regiment | Colonel Sir Dennis Faulkner CBE |
History edit
Along with the other six original battalions, 6 UDR commenced operational duties on 1 April 1970. Around 75% (1,187) of the Tyrone members of the disbanded Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) applied to join 6 UDR, of which 419 were accepted. As a result, the battalion started life as the only battalion more or less up to strength and remained so during its history.[4]
The first training major (TISO) was Major GB Hill, MBE, King's Own Borderers, who was based in the Education Building at Lisanelly Barracks, Omagh. Part of his job was to find accommodation for the various companies of the new battalion. Where possible accommodation was sought in British Army bases. The old USC platoon huts were vacant and available, but to have used those would have highlighted the continuity between the USC and the UDR.[5]
For a time an old caravan in the centre of Dungannon served as the local UDR post. Ten rifles and 200 rounds of ammunition were stored there.[6]
Companies edit
C Company and The Deanery edit
The Deanery was an 18th-century mansion in Clogher, County Tyrone. It had been the home of Jonathan Swift, the author of Gulliver's Travels[7] and was one of fifteen old large houses taken over by the Ministry of Defence to house the UDR.[7] After persuading the old lady who lived there to move to less spartan accommodation,[8] £150,000 was spent on the property to turn it into a base for C Company.[7] The house has now been demolished.[9]
Loss of Catholics edit
Catholics soon began to leave the regiment in large numbers in response to the British Army's treatment of Catholic civilians, particularly after the implementation of the one-sided Operation Demetrius.
Intimidation edit
Protestant and Catholic soldiers were both intimidated out of the regiment.[10] However, following the introduction of internment, more Catholic soldiers than Protestant found themselves the subject of pressure from within their own community, often amounting to intimidation and violence.[10] In Clady, a soldier who had been in the regiment for only three weeks had his front door daubed with the words "Get out of the UDR or be shot – IRA". Two weeks later as he, his wife and their five children were asleep, a shotgun was fired at their home, shattering several windows.[11]
Casualties edit
During the general mobilisation for Operation Demetrius a patrol from the battalion came under fire from the Provisional IRA near Clady, County Tyrone. Private Winston Donnell, age 22, one of four brothers serving in the regiment, was killed outright. He was the first UDR soldier to be killed.[12]
Sgt Kenneth Smyth Age 28, (B. Company), a former B Special, was killed on 10 December 1971 along with ex Pte Daniel McCormick (a Catholic), who had recently resigned from the Regiment. Sgt Smyth had survived a previous attempt to kill him.
Private William Bogle, age 27, (B Company) was killed as he sat in his car with his wife and children on 5 December 1972. His killer was believed to be a former member of the same company, known for his strong republican views, who resigned from the UDR after just one year, and who moved to the Republic of Ireland after the shooting and never came back.[13]
Private Eva Martin, age 28 (C Company), was fatally wounded by rocket fragments on 3 May 1974 during a PIRA attack on 6 UDR's outlying base at the Deanery, Clogher. She was not only the first Greenfinch to be killed in action but the first female member of the security forces to die in the Troubles.[14][15] Her husband, Lieutenant Martin was on duty with her when she was killed.[16]
On 13 July 1983, Ronald Alexander (19), John Roxborough (19), Oswald Neely (20) and Thomas Harron (25), all members of D Company, were killed in a Provisional Irish Republican Army land mine attack on their mobile patrol on Ballymacilroy Hill, near Ballygawley.[17]
Notable personnel edit
Colours edit
- November 1991 – 6 UDR was presented with colours at St Lucia Barracks, Omagh, by The Duke of Abercorn.
See also edit
Bibliography edit
- A Testimony to Courage – the Regimental History of the Ulster Defence Regiment 1969–1992, John Potter, Pen & Sword Books Ltd, 2001, ISBN 0-85052-819-4
- The Ulster Defence Regiment: An Instrument of Peace?, Chris Ryder 1991 ISBN 0-413-64800-1
References edit
- ^ "No. 44996". The London Gazette. 29 December 1969. p. 129747.
- ^ Statutory Instrument, 1969 No. 1860 (C. 58), The Ulster Defence Regiment Act 1969 (Commencement) Order 1969
- ^ The New Law Journal, Volume 120, Part 1
- ^ Potter 2001, p. 29.
- ^ Potter p27
- ^ Ryder p42
- ^ a b c Ryder p71
- ^ Potter p100
- ^ Gardens (en), Parks and. "Clogher Deanery". parksandgardens.org. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
- ^ a b Potter p58
- ^ Ryder p47
- ^ CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1971, cain.ulst.ac.uk; accessed 27 October 2015.
- ^ Killing of William Bogle 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, nivetsannex.com; accessed 27 October 2015.
- ^ Potter p. 117
- ^ "In Memory of Private EVA MARTIN" (PDF). nivets.org.uk. Northern Ireland Veterans Association. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ Potter p127
- ^ "Chronological list of deaths, 1983". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). from the original on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2010.