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3G MIMO describes MIMO techniques which have been considered as 3G standard techniques.
MIMO, as the state of the art of intelligent antenna (IA), improves the performance of radio systems by embedding electronics intelligence into the spatial processing unit. Spatial processing includes spatial precoding at the transmitter and spatial postcoding at the receiver, which are dual each other from information signal processing theoretic point of view. Intelligent antenna is technology which represents smart antenna, multiple antenna (MIMO), self-tracking directional antenna, cooperative virtual antenna and so on.
Spatial precoding of intelligent antenna includes spatial beamforming and spatial coding. In wireless communications, spatial precoding has been developing for high reliability, high rate and lower interference as shown in the following table.
Summary of 3G MIMOedit
The table summarizes the history of 3G MIMO techniques candidated for 3G standards. Although the table additionally contains the future part but the contents are not clearly filled out since the future is not precisely predictable.
IA technology enables client terminals, which have either multiple antennas or a self-tracking directional antenna, to communicate to each other with as high as possible signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). Assume that there is a source terminal, a destination terminal, and some candidate interference terminals. Compared to conventional approaches, an advanced IA based terminal will perform spatial precoding (spatial beamforming and/or spatial coding) not only to enhance the signal power at the destination terminal but also to diminish the interfering power at interference terminals. As a human does, the advanced IA terminal is given to know that occurring high interference to other terminals will eventually degrade the performance of the associated wireless network.
Principal Issues of Researchedit
The following items list the issues of the multiple antenna research aims to improve the performance of radio communications.
Antenna technology that uses some sort of electronic intelligence to enhance wireless system performance. Electronic intelligence is implemented by spatial pre/post-coding techniques such as spatial information coding and spatial signal beamforming. Smart antenna has been more widely used to represent the similar meaning.
In the narrow sense, antenna technology that employs array antennas with beamforming techniques to enhance wireless system performance. In the wide sense, equivalent terminology to intelligent antenna.
Multiple antenna systems are the key to the high-capacity wireless universe. Indeed, they allow increasing the rate, improving the robustness, or accommodating more users in the cell.
A smart antenna system combines multiple antenna elements with a signal-processing capability to optimize its radiation and/or reception pattern automatically in response to the signal environment.
Spatial division multiple access (SDMA) — Among the most sophisticated utilizations of smart antenna technology is SDMA, which employs advanced processing techniques to, in effect, locate and track fixed or mobile terminals, adaptively steering transmission signals toward users and away from interferers.
A smart antenna is a digital wireless communications antenna system that takes advantage of diversity effect at the source (transmitter), the destination (receiver), or both.
MIMO is an antenna technology for wireless communications in which multiple antennas are used at both the source (transmitter) and the destination (receiver).
Smart Antennas Research Group, Stanford Univ. — [7]
Our research goal is to advance the state-of-the-art in the applications of multiple antennas and space-time signal processing in mobile wireless networks, and to improve network performance and economics.
Smart antennas provide greater capacity and performance benefits than standard antennas because they can be used to customize and fine-tune antenna coverage patterns that match the traffic conditions in a wireless network or that are better suited for complex radio frequency (RF) environments.
MIMO employs multiple, spatially separated antennas (at both TX and RX) to take advantage of these "virtual wires" and transfer more data.
Intelligent antennas are antenna systems that use some sort of computational or electronic resource to enhance system performance.
According to the amounts of intelligence employed, antenna diversity represents the simplest form in the progressive complexity chain, followed by basic beamforming, which is the process of narrowing radiated energy, which is then followed by the more complex space-time processing and finally by MIMO.
^. Magnetic Sciences. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
Dr. Erik Dahlman, LTE, 3G Long Term Evolution 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
(PDF). WINNER II. 30 Nov 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-07-30. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
External linksedit
published by Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies
April 14, 2024
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources 3G MIMO news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article is in list format but may read better as prose You can help by converting this article if appropriate Editing help is available May 2012 This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations May 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message 3G MIMO describes MIMO techniques which have been considered as 3G standard techniques MIMO as the state of the art of intelligent antenna IA improves the performance of radio systems by embedding electronics intelligence into the spatial processing unit Spatial processing includes spatial precoding at the transmitter and spatial postcoding at the receiver which are dual each other from information signal processing theoretic point of view Intelligent antenna is technology which represents smart antenna multiple antenna MIMO self tracking directional antenna cooperative virtual antenna and so on Contents 1 Technology 1 1 Summary of 3G MIMO 1 2 IA in ad hoc networking 2 Principal Issues of Research 3 Principal Definitions 3 1 Definitions 3 2 Reference Web Sites 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksTechnology editSpatial precoding of intelligent antenna includes spatial beamforming and spatial coding In wireless communications spatial precoding has been developing for high reliability high rate and lower interference as shown in the following table Summary of 3G MIMO edit The table summarizes the history of 3G MIMO techniques candidated for 3G standards Although the table additionally contains the future part but the contents are not clearly filled out since the future is not precisely predictable Generation 3G 3G evolution Beyond 3G FutureDeployment 2003 4 2005 6 2007 8 2009 10 2012 2015 2015 2020Standard WCDMA HSPA HSPA LTE IMT Advanced Beyond IMT AdvTotal rate 384kbit s 14 42 65 250Mbit s 1Gbit s gt 10Gbit sBandwidth 5 MHz 5 MHz 20 MHz 20 100 MHz gt 100 MHzRequirement Paradigm High reliability High quality High rate High capacity Lower interference High intelligenceMethod Spatial diversity Spatial multiplexing Spatial cancellation Ambient intelligenceSpatial coding SC Spatial diversity coding Spatial multiplexing coding Spatial cancellation coding Ambient intelligence codingSpatial beamforming SB Single stream beamforming Multi stream beamforming Interference nulling beamforming Ambient intelligence beamformingExamples SC Alamouti coding SB TxAA SC BLAST coding SB SVD SC DPC SB MU BF Such as cooperative MIMOIA in ad hoc networking edit Main article Wireless ad hoc network IA technology enables client terminals which have either multiple antennas or a self tracking directional antenna to communicate to each other with as high as possible signal to interference and noise ratio SINR Assume that there is a source terminal a destination terminal and some candidate interference terminals Compared to conventional approaches an advanced IA based terminal will perform spatial precoding spatial beamforming and or spatial coding not only to enhance the signal power at the destination terminal but also to diminish the interfering power at interference terminals As a human does the advanced IA terminal is given to know that occurring high interference to other terminals will eventually degrade the performance of the associated wireless network Principal Issues of Research editThe following items list the issues of the multiple antenna research aims to improve the performance of radio communications Intelligent antenna Smart antenna Digital antenna array Multiple input multiple output MIMO Beamforming Diversity combining Diversity scheme Space time code Spatial multiplexing Space division multiple access SDMA Advanced MIMO communications Multi user MIMO Precoding Dirty paper coding DPC Cooperative wireless communications Cooperative diversityPrincipal Definitions editDefinitions edit Here are the definition of principal keywords to clarify the objective and the operations of intelligent antenna Terminology DefinitionIntelligent antenna Antenna technology that uses some sort of electronic intelligence to enhance wireless system performance Electronic intelligence is implemented by spatial pre post coding techniques such as spatial information coding and spatial signal beamforming Smart antenna has been more widely used to represent the similar meaning Smart antenna In the narrow sense antenna technology that employs array antennas with beamforming techniques to enhance wireless system performance In the wide sense equivalent terminology to intelligent antenna MIMO Wide sense and well known MIMO is the state of the art of IA and SA Narrow sense Antenna systems that employ multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver Reference Web Sites edit The following items list the web sites related to the multiple antenna research MARS Bell Laboratories 1 Multiple Antenna Research and Solutions MARS is a research group on multiple antenna and space time coding Lucent 2 The goal of intelligent antennas is to achieve higher capacity noting that advanced solutions provide higher capacity than basic solutions Types Antenna configuration Basic solution Advanced solutionDiversity d gt wavelength Rx MRC MMSE etc Tx STTD CLTD BLAST spatial multiplexing Phased Array d lt wavelength Switched beams Steered beamsIMEC 3 Multiple antenna systems are the key to the high capacity wireless universe Indeed they allow increasing the rate improving the robustness or accommodating more users in the cell Georgia Institute of Technology 4 A smart antenna is an array of antenna elements connected to a digital signal processor IEC 5 A smart antenna system combines multiple antenna elements with a signal processing capability to optimize its radiation and or reception pattern automatically in response to the signal environment Spatial division multiple access SDMA Among the most sophisticated utilizations of smart antenna technology is SDMA which employs advanced processing techniques to in effect locate and track fixed or mobile terminals adaptively steering transmission signals toward users and away from interferers SearchMobileComputing com 6 A smart antenna is a digital wireless communications antenna system that takes advantage of diversity effect at the source transmitter the destination receiver or both MIMO is an antenna technology for wireless communications in which multiple antennas are used at both the source transmitter and the destination receiver Smart Antennas Research Group Stanford Univ 7 Our research goal is to advance the state of the art in the applications of multiple antennas and space time signal processing in mobile wireless networks and to improve network performance and economics CDG 8 Smart antennas provide greater capacity and performance benefits than standard antennas because they can be used to customize and fine tune antenna coverage patterns that match the traffic conditions in a wireless network or that are better suited for complex radio frequency RF environments MIMO employs multiple spatially separated antennas at both TX and RX to take advantage of these virtual wires and transfer more data Nortel 9 MIMO is an antenna technology that is used both in transmission and receiver equipment for wireless radio communication MIMO is the only advanced antenna technology that simultaneously offers high bandwidth improved range and high mobility at a lower cost Visant Strategies 10 Intelligent antennas are antenna systems that use some sort of computational or electronic resource to enhance system performance According to the amounts of intelligence employed antenna diversity represents the simplest form in the progressive complexity chain followed by basic beamforming which is the process of narrowing radiated energy which is then followed by the more complex space time processing and finally by MIMO Magnetic Sciences 11 Satellite tracking systems and self steering antennas are used aboard ships vehicles or aircraft to maintain contact with satellites See also editAntenna diversity Smart antenna Multiple antenna research Multiple input multiple output communications Cooperative wireless communications Precoding includes spatial coding SC and spatial beamforming SB Space time code Spatial multiplexing Dirty paper coding DPC Beamforming Wsdma Smart antenna for 3G MIMO benefitsReferences edit MARS Lucent Multiple Antenna Research and Solutions Archived from the original on 1 October 2007 Polakos Paul 1 October 2002 Intelligent Antennas and Blast for cdma2000 Networks PDF Multiple antennas research imec be Archived from the original on 4 October 2007 Retrieved 29 June 2021 Li Kuo Hui What is a smart antenna Archived from the original on 27 June 2007 Retrieved 29 June 2021 https web archive org web 20070928011627 http www iec org online tutorials smart ant index html https web archive org web 20070928011846 http www iec org online tutorials acrobat smart ant pdf What is MIMO Multiple input multiple output Smart Antennas Research Group Stanford University Archived from the original on 2013 10 20 Retrieved 2007 10 03 http www cdg org technology cdma technology smart antennas index asp http www cdmatech com products how mimo works jsp MIMO Technology Overview Nortel Archived from the original on 26 May 2007 Retrieved 12 January 2022 https web archive org web 20070928045359 http www visantstrategies com market research mimo intelligent antenna html http www researchandmarkets com reports c21454 Satellite tracking units for antenna diversity and self steering antennas Magnetic Sciences Archived from the original on 14 October 2007 Retrieved 12 January 2022 Dr Erik Dahlman LTE 3G Long Term Evolution Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine The WINNER II Air Interface Refined Spatial Temporal Processing Solutions PDF WINNER II 30 Nov 2006 Archived from the original PDF on 2009 07 30 Retrieved 2008 09 06 External links editSmart Antennas and Related Technologies Briefing published by Bell Labs Lucent Technologies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 3G MIMO amp oldid 1151619844, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
