The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Chile is a part of the outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The outbreak reached Chile on 17 June 2022.[2]
Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox)[3] is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and some other animals.[4] Symptoms include a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.[4] The illness is usually mild and most of those infected will recover within a few weeks without treatment.[5] The time from exposure to onset of symptoms ranges from five to twenty-one days and symptoms typically last from two to four weeks.[6] Cases may be severe, especially in children, pregnant women or people with suppressed immune systems.[7]
The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus,[a] a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus. The variola virus, the causative agent of the disease smallpox, is also in this genus.[4] Human-to-human transmission can occur through direct contact with infected skin or body fluids, including sexual contact.[4] People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed.[7] It may spread from infected animals by handling infected meat or via bites or scratches.[7] Diagnosis can be confirmed by PCR testing a lesion for the virus' DNA.[4]
An ongoing outbreak of mpox was confirmed on May 6, 2022, beginning with a British resident who, after travelling to Nigeria (where the disease is endemic), presented symptoms consistent with mpox on April 29, 2022. The resident returned to the United Kingdom on May 4, creating the country's index case of the outbreak.[8] The origin of several of the cases of mpox in the United Kingdom is unknown. Some monitors saw community transmission taking place in the London area as of mid-May,[9] but it has been suggested that cases were already spreading in Europe in the previous months.[10]
Transmissionedit
Stages of lesion development.
A large portion of those infected were believed to have not recently traveled to areas of Africa where mpox is normally found, such as Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as central and western Africa. It is believed to be transmitted by close contact with sick people, with extra caution for those individuals with lesions on their skin or genitals, along with their bedding and clothing. The CDC has also stated that individuals should avoid contact and consumption of dead animals such as rats, squirrels, monkeys and apes along with wild game or lotions derived from animals in Africa.[11]
In addition to more common symptoms, such as fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and rashes or lesions, some patients have also experienced proctitis, an inflammation of the rectum lining. CDC has also warned clinicians to not rule out mpox in patients with sexually transmitted infections since there have been reports of co-infections with syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes.[12]
Historyedit
The first case of infection was recorded on June 17 in Santiago de Chile after an adult with a history of travel to Europe presented symptoms
^The World Health Organization (the authority on disease names) announced the new name "mpox" in November 2022. But virus naming is the responsibility of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which is currently reviewing all orthopoxvirus species. As of March 2023, the official name of the virus remains "monkeypox virus".[3]
Referencesedit
^ abcde"Informe ejecutivo | Viruela del mono | Chile, 30 de junio de 2023" [Executive report | Mpox | Chile, June 30, 2023] (PDF). Department of Epidemiology [es] (in Spanish). July 11, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
^ ab"WHO recommends new name for monkeypox disease" (Press release). World Health Organization (WHO). November 28, 2022. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
^ abcde"WHO Factsheet – Mpox (Monkeypox)". World Health Organization (WHO). April 18, 2023. from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved May 21, 2023.
^"Monkeypox". GOV.UK. May 24, 2022. from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
^ abc"Mpox (monkeypox)". World Health Organisation. May 12, 2023. from the original on May 23, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
^"Monkeypox – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". World Health Organization. May 16, 2022. from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
^Pinkstone, Joe (May 17, 2022). "Monkeypox 'spreading in sexual networks'". The Telegraph. from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
^Nsofor, Ifeanyi (June 2, 2022). "OPINION: Media coverage of monkeypox paints it as an African virus. That makes me mad". NPR. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
^Vargas, Ramon Antonio (June 7, 2022). "US raises monkeypox alert level but says risk to public remains low". the Guardian. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
^"Monkeypox update: Where the outbreak stands now".
^"Minsal reporta 68 casos de viruela del mono y se registra el primero en la región de O'Higgins". Radio Bio Bio (in Spanish).
^"La viruela del mono llegó a la Región de Coquimbo". Cooperativa (in Spanish).
^"Confirman primer caso de viruela del mono en Chiloé". Cooperativa (in Spanish).
November 11, 2023
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The 2022 2023 mpox outbreak in Chile is a part of the outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus The outbreak reached Chile on 17 June 2022 2 2022 2023 mpox outbreak in ChileConfirmed and suspected cases by region DiseaseMpoxVirus strainMonkeypox virus West African clade LocationChileIndex caseSantiago de ChileArrival dateJune 17 2022 2022 06 17 present 1 year 4 months 2 weeks and 2 days Confirmed cases1 442 1 Suspected cases 26 1 Hospitalized cases400 1 Recovered1 442 1 Deaths3 1 Government websiteMonkeypox Epidemiological Situation Report in Spanish Suspected cases have not been confirmed by laboratory tests as being due to this strain although some other strains may have been ruled out Contents 1 Background 2 Transmission 3 History 4 Statistics 5 Notes 6 ReferencesBackground editThese paragraphs are an excerpt from Mpox and 2022 2023 mpox outbreak Mpox formerly known as monkeypox 3 is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and some other animals 4 Symptoms include a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over fever and swollen lymph nodes 4 The illness is usually mild and most of those infected will recover within a few weeks without treatment 5 The time from exposure to onset of symptoms ranges from five to twenty one days and symptoms typically last from two to four weeks 6 Cases may be severe especially in children pregnant women or people with suppressed immune systems 7 The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus a a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus The variola virus the causative agent of the disease smallpox is also in this genus 4 Human to human transmission can occur through direct contact with infected skin or body fluids including sexual contact 4 People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed 7 It may spread from infected animals by handling infected meat or via bites or scratches 7 Diagnosis can be confirmed by PCR testing a lesion for the virus DNA 4 An ongoing outbreak of mpox was confirmed on May 6 2022 beginning with a British resident who after travelling to Nigeria where the disease is endemic presented symptoms consistent with mpox on April 29 2022 The resident returned to the United Kingdom on May 4 creating the country s index case of the outbreak 8 The origin of several of the cases of mpox in the United Kingdom is unknown Some monitors saw community transmission taking place in the London area as of mid May 9 but it has been suggested that cases were already spreading in Europe in the previous months 10 Transmission edit nbsp Stages of lesion development A large portion of those infected were believed to have not recently traveled to areas of Africa where mpox is normally found such as Nigeria the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as central and western Africa It is believed to be transmitted by close contact with sick people with extra caution for those individuals with lesions on their skin or genitals along with their bedding and clothing The CDC has also stated that individuals should avoid contact and consumption of dead animals such as rats squirrels monkeys and apes along with wild game or lotions derived from animals in Africa 11 In addition to more common symptoms such as fever headache swollen lymph nodes and rashes or lesions some patients have also experienced proctitis an inflammation of the rectum lining CDC has also warned clinicians to not rule out mpox in patients with sexually transmitted infections since there have been reports of co infections with syphilis gonorrhea chlamydia and herpes 12 History editThe first case of infection was recorded on June 17 in Santiago de Chile after an adult with a history of travel to Europe presented symptoms Mpox cases in Chile vte Deaths Recoveries Confirmed cases Date Cases rise Deaths rise 2022 06 17 1 n a 2022 07 15 16 n a 2022 07 19 20 4 2022 07 22 26 6 2022 07 26 45 19 2022 07 29 55 10 2022 08 02 68 12 2022 08 05 91 23 2022 08 09 126 35 2022 08 12 141 15 2022 08 15 189 48 2022 08 19 207 18 2022 08 23 270 63 2022 08 26 344 74 2022 08 30 381 37 2022 09 02 450 69 2022 09 06 484 34 2022 09 23 842 358 Cases are updated every Tuesday and FridayStatistics edit nbsp Cases in Metropolitan RegionCases of mpox 23 09 22 Region Cases nbsp Santiago Metropolitan Region 732 nbsp Araucania 10 nbsp Antofagasta 14 nbsp Valparaiso Region 25 nbsp O Higgins 6 13 nbsp Coquimbo 21 14 nbsp Los Lagos Region 3 15 nbsp Maule Region 6 2 nbsp Biobio Region 14 nbsp Los Rios Region 2 1 nbsp Nuble Region 2 1 Every 4 days Tuesday and friday Date Total Cases Cases in RM Cases outside of RM New daily avg02 08 22 68 62 6 05 08 22 91 83 9 3 509 08 22 126 116 10 1 812 08 22 141 130 11 1 315 08 22 189 176 13 2 1219 08 22 207 194 13 423 08 22 270 194 13 1526 08 22 344 317 27 14 1830 08 22 381 354 27 902 09 22 450 404 46 19 1706 09 22 484 46 823 09 22 842 732 110 Notes edit The World Health Organization the authority on disease names announced the new name mpox in November 2022 But virus naming is the responsibility of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses ICTV which is currently reviewing all orthopoxvirus species As of March 2023 the official name of the virus remains monkeypox virus 3 References edit a b c d e Informe ejecutivo Viruela del mono Chile 30 de junio de 2023 Executive report Mpox Chile June 30 2023 PDF Department of Epidemiology es in Spanish July 11 2023 Retrieved August 1 2023 Primer caso de viruela del mono in Spanish a b WHO recommends new name for monkeypox disease Press release World Health Organization WHO November 28 2022 Retrieved November 29 2022 a b c d e WHO Factsheet Mpox Monkeypox World Health Organization WHO April 18 2023 Archived from the original on April 21 2022 Retrieved May 21 2023 Monkeypox GOV UK May 24 2022 Archived from the original on May 18 2022 Retrieved May 28 2022 Mpox Symptoms U S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC February 2 2023 Archived from the original on May 21 2023 Retrieved May 21 2023 a b c Mpox monkeypox World Health Organisation May 12 2023 Archived from the original on May 23 2023 Retrieved May 24 2023 Monkeypox United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland World Health Organization May 16 2022 Archived from the original on May 17 2022 Retrieved May 17 2022 Pinkstone Joe May 17 2022 Monkeypox spreading in sexual networks The Telegraph Archived from the original on May 17 2022 Retrieved May 17 2022 Nsofor Ifeanyi June 2 2022 OPINION Media coverage of monkeypox paints it as an African virus That makes me mad NPR Retrieved June 2 2022 Vargas Ramon Antonio June 7 2022 US raises monkeypox alert level but says risk to public remains low the Guardian Retrieved June 9 2022 Monkeypox update Where the outbreak stands now Minsal reporta 68 casos de viruela del mono y se registra el primero en la region de O Higgins Radio Bio Bio in Spanish La viruela del mono llego a la Region de Coquimbo Cooperativa in Spanish Confirman primer caso de viruela del mono en Chiloe Cooperativa in Spanish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2022 2023 mpox outbreak in Chile amp oldid 1173208254, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
