2020 Ghanaian general election

General elections were held in Ghana on 7 December 2020. Incumbent President Nana Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) was re-elected in the first round after securing a majority of the votes.^[1] Former President John Dramani Mahama announced that he would contest the results.^[2] At the Supreme Court, a petition challenging the result was filed on 30 December, and unanimously dismissed on 4 March 2021 for lack of merit.

2020 Ghanaian general election

← 2016 7 December 2020 2024 →
Registered	17,027,941
Presidential election
Turnout	78.89%
Nominee Nana Akufo-Addo John Mahama Party NPP NDC Popular vote 6,730,587 6,213,182 Percentage 51.30% 47.36%
President before election Nana Akufo-Addo NPP Elected President Nana Akufo-Addo NPP
Parliamentary election
All 275 seats in the Parliament of Ghana 138 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader % Seats +/– NPP Nana Akufo-Addo 50.42 137 −32 NDC John Mahama 46.20 137 +31 Independents – 2.29 1 +1 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Speaker before Speaker after Aaron Mike Oquaye NPP Alban Bagbin NDC
Maps
Presidential election results by constituency Parliamentary election results by constituency

The NPP lost its majority in the parliament, winning the same number of seats as the opposition NDC, resulting in a hung parliament with a single independent (Andrew Asiamah Amoako) in the position of kingmaker.^[3][4]

Electoral system

The President of Ghana is elected using the two-round system, whilst the 275 members of Parliament are elected in single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting.^[5][6]

Eligible voters must be Ghanaian citizens who are at least 18 years old, although those declared insane are disenfranchised. Parliamentary candidates must be Ghanaian citizens at least 18 years old, and either be resident in their constituency or have lived there for at least five of the ten years prior to the election.^[7]

Campaign

In February 2019, former president John Mahama was confirmed as the candidate of the opposition National Democratic Congress.^[8] In December, incumbent president Nana Akufo-Addo announced that he intended to run for re-election as the New Patriotic Party (NPP) candidate.^[9] In June 2020, the NPP chose Akufo-Addo as its presidential candidate and Mahamudu Bawumia as its vice-presidential candidate. Mahama and Akufo-Addo previously ran against each other in both 2012 (with Mahama winning) and 2016 (with Akufo-Addo winning).^[10]

All contesting political parties especially the NPP and NDC campaigned vigorously across the country despite fears that political activities such as rallies could increase the rate of spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic in Ghana.^[11]

Following the death of Jerry Rawlings, first president of the Fourth Republic on 12 November 2020,^[12] most candidates decided to suspend their campaigns for a week out of respect to his memory.^[13][14]

Filing of nomination papers for presidential candidates

At the close of the filing of nomination papers for the presidential election on 9 October 2020, seventeen persons had filed papers to stand for the elections.^[15] One of those who filed their papers on 5 October 2020 was the incumbent president, Nana Akufo-Addo.^[16] Each candidate was expected to pay a fee of GH¢100,000 to the Electoral Commission.^[17] Akwasi Addai Odike of the United Progressive Party claimed that there was a conspiracy by the NPP and the Electoral Commission to prevent him from filing his nomination papers. This was promptly denied by the chairman of the NPP, Peter Mac Manu.^[18] However, the NDC questioned why presidential candidates were filing nomination papers when the Electoral Commission has not finalised the new voter's register to be used for this election.^[19] To the surprise of many^[who?], Jacob Osei Yeboah disclosed on 6 October, when he was expected to file his nomination papers, that he would instead be the running mate of Asiedu Walker.^[20]

Party	Presidential Candidate	Date
New Patriotic Party	Nana Akufo-Addo^[21]	7 October 2020
National Democratic Congress	John Mahama^[22]	7 October 2020
Independent	Asiedu Walker^[21]	7 October 2020
Ghana Union Movement	Christian Kwabena Andrews^[21]	7 October 2020
All People's Congress	Hassan Ayariga^[23]	8 October 2020
Progressive People's Party	Brigitte Dzogbenuku^[24]	8 October 2020
Ghana Freedom Party	Akua Donkor^[25]	8 October 2020
National Democratic Party	Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings^[26]^[27]	9 October 2020
Convention People's Party	Ivor Greenstreet^[28]	9 October 2020
Great Consolidated Popular Party	Henry Herbert Lartey^[28]	9 October 2020
Independent	^aMarricke Kofi Gane^[28]	9 October 2020
Independent	^aKofi Koranteng^[28]	9 October 2020
United Front Party	^aNana Agyenim Boateng	9 October 2020
United Progressive Party	^aAkwasi Addai Odike	9 October 2020
People's Action Party	^aKwasi Busumbru
Liberal Party of Ghana	Kofi Akpaloo	9 October 2020
People's National Convention	David Apasera

^a – Disqualified by the Electoral Commission of Ghana

Final list of presidential candidates

Following the vetting of their papers, the Electoral Commission announced the final list of presidential candidates on 19 October 2020. Five people had been disqualified from standing for the election as there were various problems with their nomination documents. These include IT issues with their forms and some had been forwarded to the Criminal Investigation Department of the Ghana Police Service. Those disqualified include Kofi Koranteng and Marricke Kofi Gane who are both Independent. Akwasi Addae Odike of the United Progressive Party, Nana Agyenim Boateng of the United Front Party and Kwasi Busumbru of the People's Action Party were also not eligible.^[29][30][31] On 20 October 2020, the candidates balloted for the order in which they will appear on the ballot paper. The incumbent president, Nana Akufo-Addo will be the first on the list followed by John Mahama, a former president. The full list as on the ballot paper is below.^[32][33] Following this, one of the disqualified candidates, Nana Agyenim Boateng, leader of the UFP, took to court to seek redress and prevent the elections from going ahead but the Accra High Court found no grounds to grant this relief.^[34]

Party	Abbreviation	Presidential Candidate	Running Mate
New Patriotic Party	NPP	Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo	Mahamudu Bawumia^[35]
National Democratic Congress	NDC	John Dramani Mahama	Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang^[36]
Ghana Union Movement	GUM	Christian Kwabena Andrews	Abu Grant Lukeman^[37]
Convention People's Party	CPP	Ivor Kobina Greenstreet	Emmanuel Yaovi Bobobe^[38]
Ghana Freedom Party	GFP	Akua Donkor	Ernest Adakabre Frimpong Manso^[39]
Great Consolidated Popular Party	GCPP	Henry Herbert Lartey	Andy Bampoe-Sekyi^[35]
All People's Congress	APC	Hassan Ayariga	Frank Yaw Kuadey^[40]
Liberal Party of Ghana	LPG	Percival Kofi Akpaloo	Margaret Obrine Sarfo^[35]
People's National Convention	PNC	David Asibi Ayindenaba Apasera	Divine Ayivor^[35]
Progressive People's Party	PPP	Brigitte Akosua Dzogbenuku	Kofi Asamoah-Siaw^[41]
National Democratic Party	NDP	Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings	Peter Tennyson Asamoah^[35]
Independent		Alfred Kwame Asiedu Walker	Jacob Osei Yeboah^[20]

Violence

On 8 December, a day after the elections there were reports of gunshots leading to the arrest of Nii Lante Vanderpuye the incumbent Member of Parliament (MP) for the Odododiodio constituency.^[42] The Ghana Police reported 5 deaths and 19 injuries during and after the election.^[43]

Parliamentary election

The Electoral Commission announced that following the creation of the Guan District in the Oti Region through the Guan District Local Government (Guan District Assembly) (Establishment) Instrument, 2020, people in this area will only be able to take part in the presidential election. This is because the Guan constituency had not yet been formally created.^[44][45]

Opinion polls

Ben Ephson of the Daily Dispatch newspaper conducted polls in the Greater Accra, Central and Western regions. He predicted that Akufo-Addo of the NPP will win the election with 52.6% of the votes while Mahama will obtain 45.7%.^[46][47] The Political Science Department of the University of Ghana polled 11,949 respondents and predicted that Akufo-Addo (NPP) will win 51.7% of the vote while Mahama wins 40.4%.^[47][48] An iPoll survey of 670 respondents predicted 48.7% of the votes for Mahama and 46.7% for Akufo-Addo implying that the election may go a second round as the winner has to have over 50% of the votes.^[49] The Governance Research Bureau predicted that Akufo-Addo will obtain 49.19% of the votes and Mahama 48.27% also implying a second round of elections may be needed.^[48]

Results

The total number of registered voters was 17,027,655.^[50] The Electoral Commission promised to declare the results of the election within 24 hours of the completion of voting.^[51] Some leaders of the NDC expressed their doubts about the commission being able to do so within the 24 hours time frame.^[52][53] In the late afternoon of 8 December the Electoral commission communicated that the declaration of the votes in 24 hours which was supposed to take place at 5:00 pm which is exactly 24 hours of the closure of the election had been extended. The Commission in a statement explained that the extension was to ensure that collation of results at the constituency and regional collation centres across the country are accurate.^[54] On 9 December, incumbent Ghana President Nana Akufo-Addo was declared the winner after securing a majority of the votes needed to avoid a runoff.^[55]

President

The declared results exclude the figures for the Techiman South as the results there are being contested. The Electoral Commissioner states that the results of this constituency alone will not change the outcome of the election.^[56] On 10 December 2020, the Electoral Commission issued a statement which revised figures for the presidential election results while admitting that there had been some errors.^[57] A research group Research and Grant Institute of Ghana raised concerns about this and the Coalition of Domestic Election Observers (CODEO) urged the commission to come out and clarify the errors properly instead of just issuing press releases.^[58][59]

Candidate		Running mate	Party	Votes	%
	Nana Akufo-Addo	Mahamudu Bawumia	New Patriotic Party	6,730,587	51.30
	John Mahama	Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang	National Democratic Congress	6,213,182	47.36
	Christian Kwabena Andrews	Abu Grant Lukeman	Ghana Union Movement	105,548	0.80
	Ivor Greenstreet	Emmanuel Bobobe	Convention People's Party	12,200	0.09
	David Apasera	Divine Ayivor	People's National Convention	10,882	0.08
	Asiedu Walker	Jacob Osei Yeboah	Independent	9,704	0.07
	Kofi Akpaloo	Margaret Obrine Sarfo	Liberal Party of Ghana	7,683	0.06
	Hassan Ayariga	Frank Yaw Kuadey	All People's Congress	7,138	0.05
	Brigitte Dzogbenuku	Kofi Asamoah-Siaw	Progressive People's Party	6,849	0.05
	Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings	Peter Tennyson Asamoah	National Democratic Party	6,549	0.05
	Akua Donkor	Ernest Adakabre Frimpong Manso	Ghana Freedom Party	5,574	0.04
	Henry Herbert Lartey	Andy Bampoe-Sekyi	Great Consolidated Popular Party	3,564	0.03
Total				13,119,460	100.00
Valid votes				13,119,460	97.67
Invalid/blank votes				313,397	2.33
Total votes				13,432,857	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				17,027,941	78.89
Source: Ghana Web

By region

Region	Akufo-Addo NPP	Mahama NDC	Andrews GUM	Greenstreet CPP	Donkor GFP	Lartey GCPP	Ayariga APC	Akpaloo LPG	Apasera PNC	Dzogbenuku PPP	Rawlings NDP	Walker IND
	Votes	Votes	Votes	Votes	Votes	Votes	Votes	Votes	Votes	Votes	Votes	Votes
Ahafo	145,584	116,485	1,493	194	49	51	150	113	82	52	135	103
Ashanti	1,795,824	653,149	12,564	1,356	593	304	482	712	444	435	476	952
Bono	292,604	203,329	4,514	338	165	132	255	216	209	214	235	374
Bono East	153,341	213,694	2,923	380	143	153	409	304	231	220	210	400
Central	613,804	538,829	15,160	1,117	478	361	468	586	323	1,042	467	804
Eastern	752,061	470,999	9,819	854	379	211	466	510	278	363	358	642
Greater Accra	1,253,179	1,326,489	16,112	1,763	767	231	628	522	401	1,220	685	511
Northern	409,963	476,550	3,184	1,510	394	438	900	1,281	1,209	498	545	1,259
North East	122,742	112,306	952	292	324	198	376	505	579	205	322	322
Oti	103,865	181,021	2,459	265	200	97	195	228	371	240	263	282
Savannah	80,605	144,244	1,409	503	212	185	387	322	344	160	279	435
Upper East	170,340	335,502	3,100	879	832	359	919	868	2,890	685	1,017	1,321
Upper West	121,230	238,972	2,240	640	360	354	487	742	2,794	328	406	1,094
Volta	100,481	606,508	4,679	705	180	158	406	237	220	314	617	442
Western	439,724	398,549	20,638	1,143	379	223	400	367	305	787	417	508
Western North	175,240	196,556	4,302	261	119	109	210	170	202	86	117	255
Total	6,730,587	6,213,182	105,548	12,200	5,574	3,564	7,138	7,683	10,882	6,849	6,549	9,704
Source: Graphic Online Electoral Commission of Ghana

Parliament

 

Results of the 2020 Ghanaian parliamentary election by constituency

There has been a long delay in declaring the final result in the parliamentary election. On 14 December, a week after voting was completed, the Electoral Commission announced that it was working on finalising the results for Sene West constituency.^[60]

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	New Patriotic Party	6,651,028	50.42	137	–32
	National Democratic Congress	6,094,478	46.20	137	+31
	Ghana Union Movement	60,840	0.46	0	New
	People's National Convention	29,211	0.22	0	0
	Progressive People's Party	24,334	0.18	0	0
	Convention People's Party	11,105	0.08	0	0
	Liberal Party of Ghana	7,521	0.06	0	New
	National Democratic Party	6,421	0.05	0	0
	Great Consolidated Popular Party	1,976	0.01	0	0
	United Progressive Party	1,934	0.01	0	0
	All People's Congress	1,214	0.01	0	0
	Independents	301,996	2.29	1	+1
Total		13,192,058	100.00	275	0
Registered voters/turnout		17,027,655	–
Source: ghanaweb.com EC

Seats won by region

S/N	Region	NPP	NDC	IND	Total
1	Ahafo	4	2	–	6
2	Ashanti	42	4	1	47
3	Bono	6	6	–	12
4	Bono East	3	8	–	11
5	Central	10	13	–	23
6	Eastern	25	8	–	33
7	Greater Accra	14	20	–	34
8	Northern	9	9	–	18
9	North East	4	2	–	6
10	Oti	0	8	–	8
11	Savannah	3	4	–	7
12	Upper East	1	14	–	15
13	Upper West	3	8	–	11
14	Volta	1	17	–	18
15	Western	9	8	–	17
16	Western North	3	6	–	9
Total		137	137	1	275
Source: Electoral Commission of Ghana

Petition

On 30 December 2020 the NDC filed a petition at the Supreme Court challenging the results.^[61] On 4 March 2021 the Supreme Court unanimously dismissed the petition, stated that it lacked merit.^[62][63]

See also

• List of MPs elected in the 2020 Ghanaian general election
• List of general elections in Ghana

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