Success during the 1991 mid-term elections had encouraged President Carlos Menem to approve accelerated plans for privatizations, business deregulation, and more flexible labor laws proposed by the man widely credited for his political "summer," Economy Minister Domingo Cavallo. 1992 was a banner year for the Argentine economy, which grew 9% amid a 40% jump in fixed investment and doubling of auto sales; indeed, it had been the first year since 1984 in which spending on construction and machinery exceeded depreciation (many Argentines bought their first automobile since at least then, as well).[1][2]
Storm clouds were never far from Menem's political summer skies, however. An exposé on growing corruption published by muckraking journalist Horacio Verbitsky led to the resignation of Menem's chief strategist, Interior Minister José Luis Manzano, and to that of a key ally, Buenos Aires Mayor Carlos Grosso. Continuing economic uncertainty in the United States, Europe and Japan helped lead to an unexpected crisis of confidence in Argentina, as well and, though the nation's healthy foreign exchange reserves easily thwarted a November 1992 run on the Argentine peso, the event helped trigger a sudden slowdown in Cavallo's "Argentine miracle."[3] This negative economic turn was made all the more inopportune by the coinciding wave of layoffs on the heels of mass privatizations of large employers, such as the state oil concern YPF and the nation's vast railways. Unemployment, which had remained at around 7% during the 1991-92 boom, leapt to nearly 10% by mid-1993.[4]
Concern over layoffs, the future of the newly privatized companies and over reforms to the relatively generous adjustable pensions system inherited from populist leader Juan Perón's heyday dominated voters' issues ahead of the October 3, 1993, mid-term elections. Ultimately, fears of a recession during 1993 did not materialize and Menem quickly translated still-rising federal revenues (as well as US$3.5 billion in income from the sale of YPF stock) to increased spending on pensions and public works, helping calm protest. Sensing an opportunity to reform Argentina's arcane electoral system, the new Interior Minister, Gustavo Béliz, proposed a replacement of the nation's system of electoral lists for one resembling an Australian ballot. The proposed reform, which would lessen party leaders' influence over the process, helped result in his dismissal, however. President Menem's Justicialist Party enjoyed fourth-straight electoral victory, picking up several seats in Congress, though the struggling Radical Civic Union (UCR, which had held power during Raúl Alfonsín's difficult 1983-89 tenure), averted a trouncing and retained its Congressional strength. The UCR even made inroads in traditionally PeronistSantiago del Estero Province, where discontent with a political machinery long dominated by Justicialist Party strongman Carlos Juárez had led to riots.[5]
The results helped persuade both President Menem and UCR leader Alfonsín to negotiate towards a mutually beneficial arrangement, a month after the election. The victory encouraged Menem to pursue his goal of amending the 1853 Argentine Constitution to allow himself re-election. Alfonsín, whose party held the balance of power, accommodated the President, in exchange for increased representation in the Senate for the first runner-up (presumably the UCR) and the relinquishing of the Presidential right - enjoyed since 1880 - to appoint the Mayor of Buenos Aires (whose voters leaned towards the UCR). The consequent Olivos Pact made the 1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution along the agreed-upon lines a reality, making this the salient legacy of the 1993 legislative elections.[5][6]
^Todo Argentina: Carlos Menem's first term (in Spanish)
^(PDF). Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2013.
^. Dirección Nacional Electoral. Archived from the original on 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
August 26, 2023
1993, argentine, legislative, election, argentine, legislative, elections, 1993, were, held, october, voters, chose, their, legislators, with, turnout, 1991, october, 1993, 1995, seats, chamber, deputiesturnout80, party, seats, chamber, deputiesjusticialist, p. The Argentine legislative elections of 1993 were held on 3 October Voters chose their legislators and with a turnout of 80 3 1993 Argentine legislative election 1991 3 October 1993 1995 127 of 257 seats in the Chamber of DeputiesTurnout80 33 Party Seats Chamber of DeputiesJusticialist Party 43 47 66 3Radical Civic Union 30 23 41 2Movement for Dignity and Independence 5 78 4 1Broad Front 3 88 3 3Union of the Democratic Centre 2 66 1 3Socialist Unity 2 50 2 1Republican Force 1 39 1 1Democratic Progressive Party 1 32 1 0Autonomist Liberal Party 1 11 2 0Others 7 67 6 3Background EditSuccess during the 1991 mid term elections had encouraged President Carlos Menem to approve accelerated plans for privatizations business deregulation and more flexible labor laws proposed by the man widely credited for his political summer Economy Minister Domingo Cavallo 1992 was a banner year for the Argentine economy which grew 9 amid a 40 jump in fixed investment and doubling of auto sales indeed it had been the first year since 1984 in which spending on construction and machinery exceeded depreciation many Argentines bought their first automobile since at least then as well 1 2 Storm clouds were never far from Menem s political summer skies however An expose on growing corruption published by muckraking journalist Horacio Verbitsky led to the resignation of Menem s chief strategist Interior Minister Jose Luis Manzano and to that of a key ally Buenos Aires Mayor Carlos Grosso Continuing economic uncertainty in the United States Europe and Japan helped lead to an unexpected crisis of confidence in Argentina as well and though the nation s healthy foreign exchange reserves easily thwarted a November 1992 run on the Argentine peso the event helped trigger a sudden slowdown in Cavallo s Argentine miracle 3 This negative economic turn was made all the more inopportune by the coinciding wave of layoffs on the heels of mass privatizations of large employers such as the state oil concern YPF and the nation s vast railways Unemployment which had remained at around 7 during the 1991 92 boom leapt to nearly 10 by mid 1993 4 Concern over layoffs the future of the newly privatized companies and over reforms to the relatively generous adjustable pensions system inherited from populist leader Juan Peron s heyday dominated voters issues ahead of the October 3 1993 mid term elections Ultimately fears of a recession during 1993 did not materialize and Menem quickly translated still rising federal revenues as well as US 3 5 billion in income from the sale of YPF stock to increased spending on pensions and public works helping calm protest Sensing an opportunity to reform Argentina s arcane electoral system the new Interior Minister Gustavo Beliz proposed a replacement of the nation s system of electoral lists for one resembling an Australian ballot The proposed reform which would lessen party leaders influence over the process helped result in his dismissal however President Menem s Justicialist Party enjoyed fourth straight electoral victory picking up several seats in Congress though the struggling Radical Civic Union UCR which had held power during Raul Alfonsin s difficult 1983 89 tenure averted a trouncing and retained its Congressional strength The UCR even made inroads in traditionally Peronist Santiago del Estero Province where discontent with a political machinery long dominated by Justicialist Party strongman Carlos Juarez had led to riots 5 The results helped persuade both President Menem and UCR leader Alfonsin to negotiate towards a mutually beneficial arrangement a month after the election The victory encouraged Menem to pursue his goal of amending the 1853 Argentine Constitution to allow himself re election Alfonsin whose party held the balance of power accommodated the President in exchange for increased representation in the Senate for the first runner up presumably the UCR and the relinquishing of the Presidential right enjoyed since 1880 to appoint the Mayor of Buenos Aires whose voters leaned towards the UCR The consequent Olivos Pact made the 1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution along the agreed upon lines a reality making this the salient legacy of the 1993 legislative elections 5 6 Results EditParty Votes Seats won Total seatsJusticialist Party PJ 7 112 922 43 47 66 129Radical Civic Union UCR 4 946 281 30 23 41 84Movement for Dignity and Independence MODIN 946 310 5 78 4 7Broad Front FG 634 720 3 88 3 3Union of the Democratic Centre UCEDE 435 093 2 66 1 5Socialist Unity US 408 517 2 50 2 5Republican Force FR 227 727 1 39 1 3Democratic Progressive Party PDP 216 082 1 32 1 2Autonomist Liberal Party PAL 181 611 1 11 2 4Chaco Action ACHA 125 597 0 77 1 2Workers Party PO 124 093 0 76 Salta Renewal Party PRS 120 669 0 74 1 3Democratic Party of Mendoza PD 113 528 0 69 1 1Movement for Socialism MAS 58 705 0 36 Neuquen People s Movement MPN 55 375 0 34 1 2Federal Party PF 53 235 0 33 Jujuy People s Movement MPJ 45 369 0 28 1 2Independent Christian Movement 45 295 0 28 Blockist Party PB 36 533 0 22 1People s Patagonian Movement MPP 36 071 0 22 Retirees Target Party PBJ 35 778 0 22 Integration and Development Movement MID 32 431 0 20 Humanist Party PH 25 580 0 16 Independent Call CI 24 219 0 15 Labor and People s Party PTP 22 685 0 14 Constitutional Nationalist Party PNC 22 405 0 14 Free Homeland 22 320 0 14 Popular Alliance 20 348 0 12 Christian Democratic Party PDC 20 267 0 12 Renewal Crusade CR 19 793 0 12 1Buenos Aires Alliance for Growth 15 880 0 10 Homeland and People 15 384 0 09 Bases Movement 13 982 0 09 Chubut Action Party PACh 12 972 0 08 Independent Reformist Movement 12 611 0 08 Buenos Aires Popular Movement MOPOBO 12 474 0 08 Fueguino People s Movement MOPOF 7 972 0 05 1 2Socialist Workers Party PTS 7 332 0 04 Autonomist Party 6 626 0 04 New Option 6 245 0 04 Independent Federalist Confederation CFI 6 216 0 04 Catamarca Unity Front 6 162 0 04 Popular Action 5 673 0 03 Rio Negro Provincial Party PPR 5 536 0 03 Front for Advanced Democracy 5 418 0 03 Order and Justice 5 327 0 03 Participation Socialist Party 5 275 0 03 Front for Justice and Solidarity 4 807 0 03 New Party 3 387 0 02 Broad Front of the North 3 345 0 02 Ecologist Green Party 3 102 0 02 Mendoza Participation Front 2 991 0 02 Porteno Front 2 861 0 02 Social Justice 2 676 0 02 Corrientes Action 2 588 0 02 Center Party 2 453 0 01 Formosa Integrative Force 2 403 0 01 Salta Regional Movement 2 270 0 01 Democratic Change in Tucuman 1 999 0 01 Anti Imperialist Popular Democratic Movement MODEPA 1 805 0 01 Popular Line Movement MOLIPO 1 730 0 01 United People Front 1 298 0 01 Emancipatory Front 906 0 01 Total 16 361 265 100 127 257Positive votes 16 361 265 94 89Blank votes 700 565 4 06Invalid votes 180 590 1 05Total votes 17 242 420 100Registered voters turnout 21 463 761 80 33Sources 7 8 References Edit Argentina From Insolvency to Growth The World Bank Press 1993 Panorama November 1993 Todo Argentina 1992 in Spanish INDEC Archived from the original on 2009 12 28 Retrieved 2018 11 17 a b Todo Argentina 1993 in Spanish Todo Argentina Carlos Menem s first term in Spanish Elecciones Nacionales ESCRUTINIO DEFINITIVO 1993 PDF Ministry of the Interior Archived from the original PDF on 18 August 2013 Recorriendo las Elecciones de 1983 a 2013 Direccion Nacional Electoral Archived from the original on 2019 09 17 Retrieved 2020 12 19 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1993 Argentine legislative election amp oldid 1171944268, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
