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The general strike of 1960–1961 (French: Grève générale de 1960–1961), known popularly in Wallonia as the Strike of the Century (Grève du Siècle), was a major series of strikes in Belgium which began on 14 December 1960 and lasted approximately six weeks.
Walloon strikers demonstrate in Brussels in the winter of 1960
The general strike was instigated by the militant trade union, the General Labour Federation of Belgium (Fédération Générale du Travail de Belgique, or FGTB; Algemeen Belgisch Vakverbond, ABVV), against an attempt by the government of Gaston Eyskens to improve the state of Belgium's public finances after the independence of the Belgian Congo by introducing a series of austerity measures known as the Unitary Law (Loi Unique or Eenheidswet). It has been described as "one of the most serious class confrontations in Belgium's social history", which brought out 700,000 workers out on strike.[1] A number of clashes took place between strikers and the police, Gendarmerie, and Belgian Army. In one incident, the Liège-Guillemins railway station was ransacked by strikers on 6 January 1961. Although the strike began across Belgium, it soon lost momentum in Flanders where workers returned to work after a few days. The strike continued in Wallonia, a region largely reliant on heavy industry and already starting to experience deindustrialization, for several weeks. The law was eventually passed on 14 February 1961. Four strikers died.
The strike is considered a key moment for the Walloon Movement and an influence on the formation of Walloon identity. It led to the foundation of a new ideology of Renardism which linked Walloon nationalism with syndicalism. The strike also led to the creation of the pro-federalist Walloon Popular Movement (Mouvement Populaire Wallon, MPW) in 1961 and an increasing polarization between Flemish and Walloons which culminated, from the late 1960s, in the "Linguistic Wars" and, ultimately, in Belgium's gradual transformation into a federal state.
The 1983 film Winter 1960 is based on the strike. The strike was the subject of the documentary film Lorsque le bateau de Léon M. descendit la Meuse pour la première fois (1979) by the Dardenne brothers.
^Witte, Els; Craeybeckx, Jan; Meynen, Alain (2009). Political history of Belgium from 1830 onwards (New ed.). Brussels: ASP. p. 277. ISBN978-90-5487-517-8.
Further readingEdit
Neuville, J.; Yerna, J. (1990). Le Choc de l'Hiver '60-'61: Les Grèves contre la Loi Unique (in French). Brussels. ISBN9782873110024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Francq, Bernard; Courtois, Luc; Tilly, Pierre (2011). La mémoire de la grande grève : de l'hiver 1960-1961 en Belgique. Brussels: Le Cri. ISBN9782871065876.
Chaumont, Maurice (2015). "Grèves, syndicalisme et attitudes ouvrières. Les grèves belges de décembre 1960 - janvier 1961". SociologieS (Online Edition) (in French). doi:10.4000/sociologies.5180. ISSN 1992-2655.
Bolle, Francine (2013). "Les interprétations de la grande grève de l'hiver 1960-1961 en Belgique dans les milieux révolutionnaires". Dissidences (in French) (6). ISSN 2118-6057.
Meynen, Alain (1978). "De grote werkstaking 1960-1961. Een inleidend overzicht van de ekonomische en socio-politieke achtergronden van de grote werkstaking 1960-1961". Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Nieuwste Geschiedenis (in Dutch). 3–4: 481–515. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Belgian general strike of 1960–1961.
Belgian general strike diary of Maurice Brinton at Libcom.org
Grèves de 60: ce passé qui nous divise encore at Le Vif
October 22, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 809 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Greve generale de l hiver 1960 1961 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Greve generale de l hiver 1960 1961 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The general strike of 1960 1961 French Greve generale de 1960 1961 known popularly in Wallonia as the Strike of the Century Greve du Siecle was a major series of strikes in Belgium which began on 14 December 1960 and lasted approximately six weeks Walloon strikers demonstrate in Brussels in the winter of 1960The general strike was instigated by the militant trade union the General Labour Federation of Belgium Federation Generale du Travail de Belgique or FGTB Algemeen Belgisch Vakverbond ABVV against an attempt by the government of Gaston Eyskens to improve the state of Belgium s public finances after the independence of the Belgian Congo by introducing a series of austerity measures known as the Unitary Law Loi Unique or Eenheidswet It has been described as one of the most serious class confrontations in Belgium s social history which brought out 700 000 workers out on strike 1 A number of clashes took place between strikers and the police Gendarmerie and Belgian Army In one incident the Liege Guillemins railway station was ransacked by strikers on 6 January 1961 Although the strike began across Belgium it soon lost momentum in Flanders where workers returned to work after a few days The strike continued in Wallonia a region largely reliant on heavy industry and already starting to experience deindustrialization for several weeks The law was eventually passed on 14 February 1961 Four strikers died The strike is considered a key moment for the Walloon Movement and an influence on the formation of Walloon identity It led to the foundation of a new ideology of Renardism which linked Walloon nationalism with syndicalism The strike also led to the creation of the pro federalist Walloon Popular Movement Mouvement Populaire Wallon MPW in 1961 and an increasing polarization between Flemish and Walloons which culminated from the late 1960s in the Linguistic Wars and ultimately in Belgium s gradual transformation into a federal state The 1983 film Winter 1960 is based on the strike The strike was the subject of the documentary film Lorsque le bateau de Leon M descendit la Meuse pour la premiere fois 1979 by the Dardenne brothers Contents 1 See also 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksSee also Edit nbsp Organized labour portal nbsp 1960s portalBelgian general strikes Misere au Borinage 1933 Andre Renard Split of the Catholic University of Leuven Congo Crisis 1960 65 References Edit Witte Els Craeybeckx Jan Meynen Alain 2009 Political history of Belgium from 1830 onwards New ed Brussels ASP p 277 ISBN 978 90 5487 517 8 Further reading EditNeuville J Yerna J 1990 Le Choc de l Hiver 60 61 Les Greves contre la Loi Unique in French Brussels ISBN 9782873110024 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Francq Bernard Courtois Luc Tilly Pierre 2011 La memoire de la grande greve de l hiver 1960 1961 en Belgique Brussels Le Cri ISBN 9782871065876 Chaumont Maurice 2015 Greves syndicalisme et attitudes ouvrieres Les greves belges de decembre 1960 janvier 1961 SociologieS Online Edition in French doi 10 4000 sociologies 5180 ISSN 1992 2655 Bolle Francine 2013 Les interpretations de la grande greve de l hiver 1960 1961 en Belgique dans les milieux revolutionnaires Dissidences in French 6 ISSN 2118 6057 Meynen Alain 1978 De grote werkstaking 1960 1961 Een inleidend overzicht van de ekonomische en socio politieke achtergronden van de grote werkstaking 1960 1961 Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Nieuwste Geschiedenis in Dutch 3 4 481 515 Retrieved 11 August 2023 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Belgian general strike of 1960 1961 Belgian general strike diary of Maurice Brinton at Libcom org The Belgian General Strike by Tony Cliff at Marxist Internet Archive Greves de 60 ce passe qui nous divise encore at Le Vif Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Belgian general strike of 1960 1961 amp oldid 1178598451, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
