18650 battery

For other uses, see 18650 (disambiguation).

An 18650 battery^[1] or 1865 cell^[2] is a cylindrical lithium-ion battery common in electronic devices. The batteries measure 18 mm (0.71 in) in diameter by 65 mm (2.56 in) in length, giving them the name 18650.^[3] The battery is 3.7 volts.

• 18650 battery
• 1865 cell

Panasonic 18650 batteries inside a laptop. Each cell has a capacity of 2450 mAh.
Type	Power source
Working principle‍	Electrochemical reactions, Electromotive force
First production	1994
Pin configuration	Anode and Cathode
Electronic symbol

Panasonic first developed the 18650 battery in 1994 "when there was a growing need for ever smaller and lighter storage batteries that could be used for ever longer periods of time".^[4] They are now commonly used in power tools, electric bicycles, laptops, and electric vehicles.^[5]

Chemistry

18650 batteries are most commonly lithium-based. Lithium-ion batteries consist of an anode, typically made of graphite and a cathode, often of lithium-metal oxide.

By 2023, some sodium-ion variants were available in the 18mm x 65 mm cylindrical cell form factor as well.^{[6][better source needed]}

Packs

 

A generic BMS for 4 series lithium-ion cells ('4s BMS')

18650 batteries are commonly used in packs, where a battery management system (BMS) is required, especially once cells age and perform differently. BMS boards balance the voltage of cells in series and protect against over- and under-discharge.

Products using 18650 cells

18650 battery cells are used in a wide variety of products from the 1990s through the 2020s, and is widely regarded as the most produced lithium-ion cell size.^[7] 18650/1865 cells are used in many laptop computer batteries, cordless power tools, many electric cars, electric scooters,^[8] most e-bikes, older portable powerbanks, electronic cigarettes,^[9][10] portable fans, and LED flashlights. Nominal voltage is 3.6-3.7 V.^[11][5]

In the electric automobile sector, they are used in the first three vehicles manufactured by Tesla, the first-generation Roadster (late 2000s), Model S (2012+), and the Model X (2015+).^[12]

See also

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 18650 batteries.

• List of battery sizes

References

1. August Neverman (12 November 2022). "Everything You Need to Know About the 18650 Battery". Common Sense Home.
2. Jake Christensen (2022-05-20). "Tesla Tab Talk". Bosch.
3. Zollo, Bob (19 September 2018). "The Standard 18650 Li-Ion Cell Isn't Always Standard". Electronic Design. 21807019. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
4. "Corporate History: 1994". Panasonic Holdings. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
5. Muenzel, Valentin; Hollenkamp, Anthony F.; Bhatt, Anand I.; Hoog, Julian de; Brazil, Marcus; Thomas, Doreen A.; Mareels, Iven (2015-05-28). "A Comparative Testing Study of Commercial 18650-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Cells". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 162 (8): A1592. doi:10.1149/2.0721508jes. hdl:11343/55225. ISSN 1945-7111. S2CID 93255496.
6. "Sodium Ion 1250 mAh 50A 18650 Rechargeable Battery". SRIKO Batteries | Online store for electronics | Online battery store. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
7. "Most Popular Lithium-Ion Cells for Custom Battery Packs". www.rosebatteries.com. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
8. "Xiaomi M365 Specifications". 31 July 2019. from the original on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
9. "Reddit Electronic Cigarette Wiki". reddit.com. from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
10. "List of Battery Tests". e-cigarette-forum. 22 June 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
11. "HDS Systems: Frequently Asked Questions – Answers to questions about our flashlights and technologies". Hdslights.com. 2005-08-13. from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
12. "What Batteries Are Tesla Using In Its Electric Cars?". Inside EVs. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2024.