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1854–55 United States Senate elections

October 30, 2023

The 1854–55 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1854 and 1855, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

1854–55 United States Senate elections
← 1852 & 1853 Various dates 1856 & 1857 →
21 of the 62 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
32 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Party Democratic Whig Republican
Last election 34 seats 20 seats New party
Seats before 36 18
Seats won 8 3 3
Seats after 33 14 3
Seat change 3 4 3
Seats up 11 7
  Fourth party Fifth party
 
Party Free Soil Know Nothing
Last election 2 seats 1 seat
Seats before 4 1
Seats won 1 0
Seats after 2 1
Seat change 2
Seats up 3 0
Results:
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Whig hold
     Free Soil Gain      Know Nothing Gain
     Republican Gain      Legislature failed to elect
Majority party before election


Democratic

Elected Majority party


Democratic

These elections saw the final decline of the Whig Party and the maintained majority of the Democrats. Those Whigs in the South who were opposed to secession ran on the "Opposition Party" ticket, and were elected to a minority. Along with the Whigs, the Senate roster also included Free Soilers, Know Nothings, and a new party: the Republicans. Only five of the twenty-one senators up for election were re-elected.

Results summary edit

Senate party division, 34th Congress (1855-1857)

  • Majority party: Democratic (35)
  • Minority party: Opposition (20) (Whigs, Republicans, Know Nothings, Free Soilers)
  • Vacant: 7
  • Total seats: 62

Change in Senate composition edit

Before the elections edit

After the October 14, 1854 special election in Vermont.

D1
D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12
D22 D23 D24 D25 D26
Ran 		D27
Ran 		D28
Ran 		D29
Ran 		D30
Ran 		D31
Ran
Majority → D32
Ran
FS4
Retired 		KN1 V1 V2 V3 D36
Retired 		D35
Unknown 		D34
Unknown 		D33
Ran
FS3
Retired 		FS2
Retired 		FS1 W18
Retired 		W17
Retired 		W16
Retired 		W15
Unknown 		W14
Unknown 		W13
Ran 		W12
Ran
W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11
W1

As a result of the elections edit

D1
D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12
D22 D23 D24 D25 D26
Re-elected 		D27
Re-elected 		D28
Re-elected 		D29
Hold 		D30
Gain 		D31
Gain
Majority → D32
Gain
V2 V3 V4 V5
D Loss 		V6
D Loss 		V7
D Loss 		V8
D Loss 		V9
D Loss 		D33
Gain
V1
W Loss 		KN1 FS2
Gain 		FS1 R3
Gain 		R2
Gain 		R1
Gain 		W14
Hold 		W13
Re-elected 		W12
Re-elected
W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11
W1

Beginning of the next Congress edit

D1
D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12
D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31
Majority → D32
V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 D35
Gain 		D34
Gain 		D33
V1 KN2
Changed 		KN1 FS2 FS1 R7
Gain 		R6
Changed 		R5
Changed 		R4
Changed 		R3
W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 R1 R2
W1

Beginning of the first session, December 3, 1855 edit

D1
D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12
D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31
Majority → D32
KN2 V1 V2 V3 V4 D36
Gain 		D35 D34 D33
KN1 FS2 FS1 R9
Gain 		R8
Gain 		R7 R6 R5 R4 R3
W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 R1 R2
W1
Key:
D# Democratic
FS# Free Soil
KN# Know Nothing
R# Republican
W# Whig
V# Vacant

Race summaries edit

Special elections during the 33rd Congress edit

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1854 or in 1855 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Mississippi
(Class 2) 		Vacant Legislature had failed to elect in 1853.
Successor elected January 7, 1854.
Democratic gain.
Connecticut
(Class 3) 		Truman Smith Whig 1848 or 1849 Incumbent resigned May 24, 1854.
Successor elected May 24, 1854.
Free Soil gain.
Successor did not run for the next term, see below.
Vermont
(Class 3) 		Samuel S. Phelps Whig 1853 (Appointed) Incumbent lost entitlement to sit on March 16, 1854.[2]
Successor elected October 14, 1854.
Free Soil gain.
Successor did not run for the next term, see below.
Arkansas
(Class 3) 		Robert W. Johnson Democratic 1853 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected November 10, 1854.[3]
Successor would also later be elected to the next term, see below.
North Carolina
(Class 2) 		Vacant Legislature had failed to elect in 1853.
Successor elected December 6, 1854.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts
(Class 2) 		Julius Rockwell Whig 1854 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost election.
Successor elected January 31, 1855.
Know Nothing gain.

Elections leading to the 34th Congress edit

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1855; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Alabama Benjamin Fitzpatrick Democratic 1848 (Appointed)
1849 (Successor elected)
1853 (Appointed)
1853 (special) 		Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
Seat would remain vacant until November 26, 1855, see below. 		[data missing]
Arkansas Robert W. Johnson Democratic 1853 (Appointed)
1854 (special) 		Incumbent re-elected in 1855.
California William M. Gwin Democratic 1850 Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
Seat would remain vacant until 1857. 		▌William M. Gwin (Democratic)
Connecticut Francis Gillette Free Soil 1854 (special) Incumbent retired.
Successor elected in 1854.
Republican gain.
Florida Jackson Morton Whig 1848 Incumbent retired.
Successor elected in 1854.
Democratic gain.
Georgia William Crosby Dawson Whig 1847[4] Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Successor elected in 1854 or 1855.
Democratic gain.
Illinois James Shields Democratic 1849 Incumbent lost re-election.
Successor elected February 8, 1855.[5]
Democratic hold.
Indiana John Pettit Democratic 1853 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
Seat would remain vacant util 1857. 		▌John Pettit (Democratic)
[data missing]
Iowa Augustus C. Dodge Democratic 1848
1849 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Incumbent then resigned February 22, 1855 to become U.S. Minister to Spain.
Successor elected in 1855.
Free Soil gain.
Kentucky Archibald Dixon Whig 1851 (special) Incumbent retired.
Successor elected in 1854.
Whig hold.
Louisiana John Slidell Democratic 1853 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1854 or 1855.
Maryland James Pearce Whig 1843
1849 		Incumbent re-elected in 1855.
Missouri David Rice Atchison Democratic 1843 (Appointed)
1843 (special)
1849 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
Seat would remain vacant until 1857.
New Hampshire John S. Wells Democratic 1855 (Appointed) Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
Seat would remain vacant until July 30, 1855, see below. 		[data missing]
New York William H. Seward Whig 1849
 Incumbent re-elected February 6, 1855.
Successor became a Republican shortly thereafter.
North Carolina George Badger Whig 1846 (special)
1849 		Incumbent retired.
Successor elected in 1855.
Democratic gain.
Ohio Salmon P. Chase Free Soil 1849 Incumbent retired.
Successor elected March 4, 1854.[7]
Democratic gain.
Pennsylvania James Cooper Whig 1849 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Whig loss.
Seat would remain vacant until 1856.
South Carolina Andrew Butler Democratic 1852 (Appointed)
? (special)
1848 		Incumbent re-elected in 1854.
Vermont Lawrence Brainerd Free Soil 1854 Incumbent retired.
Successor elected in 1855.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin Isaac P. Walker Democratic 1848
1849 		Incumbent retired.
Successor elected in 1854.
Republican gain.

Elections during the 34th Congress edit

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1855 after March 4.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
New Hampshire
(Class 2) 		Vacant Democrat Charles G. Atherton had died November 15, 1853.
Democrat Jared W. Williams was appointed to continue Atherton's term.
Williams's appointment expired July 15, 1854 when the legislature then failed to elect a successor.
Winner was elected July 30, 1855.
Republican gain.
New Hampshire
(Class 3) 		Vacant Democrat John S. Wells's term had expired March 3, 1855.
Legislature had failed to elect.
Winner was elected late July 30, 1855.
Republican gain.
Alabama
(Class 3) 		Vacant Democrat Benjamin Fitzpatrick's term had expired March 3, 1855.
Legislature had failed to elect.
Incumbent was then elected late November 26, 1855.
Democratic gain.

Kentucky edit

 
Senator John J. Crittenden

On January 10, 1854 the Kentucky legislature elected Whig U.S. Attorney General (and former-senator and former-Governor of Kentucky) John J. Crittenden to succeed Dixon, beating the then-incumbent Governor of Kentucky, Lazarus W. Powell.

Maryland edit

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland
1855 United States Senate election in Maryland
← 1849 January 1855 1861 →
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
   
Candidate James Pearce
Party Whig
Legislative vote -
Percentage -%

James Pearce won re-election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.[8]

New York edit

Main article: 1855 United States Senate election in New York

The election was held on February 6, 1855. William H. Seward had been elected in 1849 to this seat and his term would expire on March 3, 1855. At the time the Democratic Party was split into two opposing factions: the "Hards" and the "Softs". After most of the "Barnburners" had left the party, joining the Whigs, the majority of "Hunkers" split over the question of reconciliation with the minority of Barnburners who had remained Democrats. The Hard faction (led by Daniel S. Dickinson) was against it, in true Hunker fashion claiming all patronage for themselves; the Soft faction (led by William L. Marcy, which included the former Barnburners, advocated party unity as a necessity to defeat the Whigs.

In 1854, the Republican Party was founded as a national party, but in New York the Whigs and the Anti-Nebraska Party ran concurrently at the State election. The unification of these occurred in New York only during the nomination convention for the State election in November 1855. Also running in the 1854 election were the American Party and nominees of the Temperance movement. In a general way, party lines were blurred until the re-alignment during the late 1850s after the disbanding of the American Party.

At the State election in November 1853, 23 Whigs, 7 Hards and 2 Softs were elected for a two-year term (1854-1855) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1854, Whig State Senator Myron H. Clark was elected Governor of New York, and 82 Whigs, 26 Softs, 16 Hards and 3 Temperance men were elected for the session of 1855 to the New York State Assembly. "Know Nothings are sprinkled miscellaneously among Whigs, Hards and Softs; and exactly how many there are of these gentry in the Assembly Nobody Knows."[9] The 78th New York State Legislature met from January 2 to April 14, 1855, at Albany, New York.

In the Assembly, Seward received 69 votes, given by 65 Whigs; 1 Democrat; 1 Temperance man; 1 Republican and 1 Whig-Republican. Dickinson received 14 votes, given by 13 Democrats and 1 American. Horatio Seymour received the votes of 12 Democrats. Dix received 7 votes, given by 5 Democrats; 1 Independent Democrat and 1 Temperance man. Fillmore received 4 votes, given by 2 Whigs; 1 Democrat and 1 Temperance-American. Horatio Seymour, Jr., received the votes of 2 Americans. King, Butler, Lester, Wait and Bronson received 1 Democratic vote each. Campbell received 1 Temperance-American vote. Howell received 1 American vote. Hoffman and Haven received 1 Whig vote each.

In the State Senate, Seward received 18 Whig votes, Dickinson 5 Hard votes, and Allen 2 Whig votes. Preston and Church received 1 Soft vote each. Hoffman, Babcock, Ullmann and Fillmore received 1 American vote each.

Seward was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. ^ Samuel S. Phelps (W-VT) had been appointed by the governor during a recess of the state legislature, and the legislature later convened and adjourned a session without electing a senator to replace fill the vacancy. The Senate ruled that Phelps had lost his entitlement to sit when the legislature adjourned. See Currie, David P. (May 10, 2005). The Constitution in Congress. ISBN 9780226129006.
  3. ^ Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563., page 80
  4. ^ "Stryker's American Register and Magazine". 1849.
  5. ^ Journal of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, 1855. Springfield, IL: Lanphier & Walker, Printers. 1855.
  6. ^ a b Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, December 31, 1853 - March 10, 1854. Frankfort, Kentucky: Albert G. Hodges. 1853. p. 67.
  7. ^ a b Taylor & Taylor, p. 30, vol II.
  8. ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1855". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  9. ^ Result and comment in The Whig Almanac 1855 compiled by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune

References edit

  • Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
  • The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 137 for State Senators 1855; pg. 248ff for Members of Assembly 1855)
  • STATE AFFAIRS; Election of a U.S. Senator for Six Years in NYT on February 7, 1855
  • Taylor, William Alexander; Taylor, Aubrey Clarence (1899). Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900. State of Ohio.
  • Result Senate: Journal of the Senate (78th Session) (1855; pg. 198)

October 30, 2023
1854, united, states, senate, elections, were, held, various, dates, various, states, these, senate, elections, were, prior, ratification, seventeenth, amendment, 1913, senators, were, chosen, state, legislatures, senators, were, elected, over, wide, range, ti. The 1854 55 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states As these U S Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 senators were chosen by state legislatures Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1854 and 1855 and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock 1 In these elections terms were up for the senators in Class 3 1854 55 United States Senate elections 1852 amp 1853 Various dates 1856 amp 1857 21 of the 62 seats in the United States Senate with special elections 32 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Third party Party Democratic Whig RepublicanLast election 34 seats 20 seats New partySeats before 36 18Seats won 8 3 3Seats after 33 14 3Seat change 3 4 3Seats up 11 7 Fourth party Fifth party Party Free Soil Know NothingLast election 2 seats 1 seatSeats before 4 1Seats won 1 0Seats after 2 1Seat change 2Seats up 3 0Results Democratic gain Democratic hold Whig hold Free Soil Gain Know Nothing Gain Republican Gain Legislature failed to electMajority party before electionDemocratic Elected Majority party DemocraticThese elections saw the final decline of the Whig Party and the maintained majority of the Democrats Those Whigs in the South who were opposed to secession ran on the Opposition Party ticket and were elected to a minority Along with the Whigs the Senate roster also included Free Soilers Know Nothings and a new party the Republicans Only five of the twenty one senators up for election were re elected Contents 1 Results summary 2 Change in Senate composition 2 1 Before the elections 2 2 As a result of the elections 2 3 Beginning of the next Congress 2 4 Beginning of the first session December 3 1855 3 Race summaries 3 1 Special elections during the 33rd Congress 3 2 Elections leading to the 34th Congress 3 3 Elections during the 34th Congress 4 Kentucky 5 Maryland 6 New York 7 See also 8 Notes 9 ReferencesResults summary editSenate party division 34th Congress 1855 1857 Majority party Democratic 35 Minority party Opposition 20 Whigs Republicans Know Nothings Free Soilers Vacant 7 Total seats 62Change in Senate composition editBefore the elections edit After the October 14 1854 special election in Vermont D1D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12D22 D23 D24 D25 D26Ran D27Ran D28Ran D29Ran D30Ran D31RanMajority D32RanFS4Retired KN1 V1 V2 V3 D36Retired D35Unknown D34Unknown D33RanFS3Retired FS2Retired FS1 W18Retired W17Retired W16Retired W15Unknown W14Unknown W13Ran W12RanW2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11W1As a result of the elections edit D1D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12D22 D23 D24 D25 D26Re elected D27Re elected D28Re elected D29Hold D30Gain D31GainMajority D32GainV2 V3 V4 V5D Loss V6D Loss V7D Loss V8D Loss V9D Loss D33GainV1W Loss KN1 FS2Gain FS1 R3Gain R2Gain R1Gain W14Hold W13Re elected W12Re electedW2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11W1Beginning of the next Congress edit D1D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31Majority D32V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 D35Gain D34Gain D33V1 KN2Changed KN1 FS2 FS1 R7Gain R6Changed R5Changed R4Changed R3W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 R1 R2W1Beginning of the first session December 3 1855 edit D1D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31Majority D32KN2 V1 V2 V3 V4 D36Gain D35 D34 D33KN1 FS2 FS1 R9Gain R8Gain R7 R6 R5 R4 R3W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 R1 R2W1Key D DemocraticFS Free SoilKN Know NothingR RepublicanW WhigV VacantRace summaries editSpecial elections during the 33rd Congress edit In these special elections the winners were seated during 1854 or in 1855 before March 4 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party Electoral historyMississippi Class 2 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect in 1853 Successor elected January 7 1854 Democratic gain nbsp Y Albert G Brown Democratic data missing Connecticut Class 3 Truman Smith Whig 1848 or 1849 Incumbent resigned May 24 1854 Successor elected May 24 1854 Free Soil gain Successor did not run for the next term see below nbsp Y Francis Gillette Free Soil data missing Vermont Class 3 Samuel S Phelps Whig 1853 Appointed Incumbent lost entitlement to sit on March 16 1854 2 Successor elected October 14 1854 Free Soil gain Successor did not run for the next term see below nbsp Y Lawrence Brainerd Free Soil data missing Arkansas Class 3 Robert W Johnson Democratic 1853 Appointed Interim appointee elected November 10 1854 3 Successor would also later be elected to the next term see below nbsp Y Robert W Johnson Democratic data missing North Carolina Class 2 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect in 1853 Successor elected December 6 1854 Democratic gain nbsp Y David Settle Reid Democratic data missing Massachusetts Class 2 Julius Rockwell Whig 1854 Appointed Interim appointee lost election Successor elected January 31 1855 Know Nothing gain nbsp Y Henry Wilson Know Nothing Nahum F Bryant Know Nothing Ephraim M Wright Whig Julius Rockwell Whig Elections leading to the 34th Congress edit In these general elections the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4 1855 ordered by state All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party Electoral historyAlabama Benjamin Fitzpatrick Democratic 1848 Appointed 1849 Successor elected 1853 Appointed 1853 special Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re election Legislature failed to elect Democratic loss Seat would remain vacant until November 26 1855 see below data missing Arkansas Robert W Johnson Democratic 1853 Appointed 1854 special Incumbent re elected in 1855 nbsp Y Robert W Johnson Democratic data missing California William M Gwin Democratic 1850 Legislature failed to elect Democratic loss Seat would remain vacant until 1857 William M Gwin Democratic Connecticut Francis Gillette Free Soil 1854 special Incumbent retired Successor elected in 1854 Republican gain nbsp Y Lafayette S Foster Republican data missing Florida Jackson Morton Whig 1848 Incumbent retired Successor elected in 1854 Democratic gain nbsp Y David Levy Yulee Democratic data missing Georgia William Crosby Dawson Whig 1847 4 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re election Successor elected in 1854 or 1855 Democratic gain nbsp Y Alfred Iverson Sr Democratic data missing Illinois James Shields Democratic 1849 Incumbent lost re election Successor elected February 8 1855 5 Democratic hold nbsp Y Lyman Trumbull Democratic 51 Joel A Matteson Democratic 47 Archibald Williams Whig 1Indiana John Pettit Democratic 1853 special Incumbent lost re election Legislature failed to elect Democratic loss Seat would remain vacant util 1857 John Pettit Democratic data missing Iowa Augustus C Dodge Democratic 18481849 Incumbent lost re election Incumbent then resigned February 22 1855 to become U S Minister to Spain Successor elected in 1855 Free Soil gain nbsp Y James Harlan Free Soil Augustus C Dodge Democratic data missing Kentucky Archibald Dixon Whig 1851 special Incumbent retired Successor elected in 1854 Whig hold nbsp Y John J Crittenden Whig 78 votes Lazarus W Powell Democratic 59 votes 6 Louisiana John Slidell Democratic 1853 special Incumbent re elected in 1854 or 1855 nbsp Y John Slidell Democratic data missing Maryland James Pearce Whig 18431849 Incumbent re elected in 1855 nbsp Y James Pearce Whig data missing Missouri David Rice Atchison Democratic 1843 Appointed 1843 special 1849 Incumbent lost re election Legislature failed to elect Democratic loss Seat would remain vacant until 1857 David Rice Atchison Democratic Thomas Hart Benton Democratic Whig New Hampshire John S Wells Democratic 1855 Appointed Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re election Legislature failed to elect Democratic loss Seat would remain vacant until July 30 1855 see below data missing New York William H Seward Whig 1849 Incumbent re elected February 6 1855 Successor became a Republican shortly thereafter nbsp Y William H Seward Whig Daniel S Dickinson Dem Hard Horatio Seymour Dem Soft Washington Hunt Whig John Adams Dix Dem Soft Millard Fillmore Whig William F Allen Democratic Others see belowNorth Carolina George Badger Whig 1846 special 1849 Incumbent retired Successor elected in 1855 Democratic gain nbsp Y Asa Biggs Democratic data missing Ohio Salmon P Chase Free Soil 1849 Incumbent retired Successor elected March 4 1854 7 Democratic gain nbsp Y George E Pugh Democratic 80 votes Ephraim R Eckley Whig 15 votes Salmon P Chase Whig 10 votes Robert C Schenck Whig 1 vote 7 Pennsylvania James Cooper Whig 1849 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re election Legislature failed to elect Whig loss Seat would remain vacant until 1856 Simon Cameron Know Nothing Charles R Buckalew Democratic South Carolina Andrew Butler Democratic 1852 Appointed special 1848 Incumbent re elected in 1854 nbsp Y Andrew Butler Democratic data missing Vermont Lawrence Brainerd Free Soil 1854 Incumbent retired Successor elected in 1855 Republican gain nbsp Y Jacob Collamer Republican data missing Wisconsin Isaac P Walker Democratic 18481849 Incumbent retired Successor elected in 1854 Republican gain nbsp Y Charles Durkee Republican data missing Elections during the 34th Congress edit In these elections the winners were elected in 1855 after March 4 State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party Electoral historyNew Hampshire Class 2 Vacant Democrat Charles G Atherton had died November 15 1853 Democrat Jared W Williams was appointed to continue Atherton s term Williams s appointment expired July 15 1854 when the legislature then failed to elect a successor Winner was elected July 30 1855 Republican gain nbsp Y John P Hale Republican data missing New Hampshire Class 3 Vacant Democrat John S Wells s term had expired March 3 1855 Legislature had failed to elect Winner was elected late July 30 1855 Republican gain nbsp Y James Bell Republican data missing Alabama Class 3 Vacant Democrat Benjamin Fitzpatrick s term had expired March 3 1855 Legislature had failed to elect Incumbent was then elected late November 26 1855 Democratic gain nbsp Y Benjamin Fitzpatrick Democratic data missing Kentucky edit nbsp Senator John J CrittendenOn January 10 1854 the Kentucky legislature elected Whig U S Attorney General and former senator and former Governor of Kentucky John J Crittenden to succeed Dixon beating the then incumbent Governor of Kentucky Lazarus W Powell John J Crittenden Whig 78 votes Lazarus W Powell Democratic 59 votes 6 Maryland editSee also List of United States senators from Maryland This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2022 1855 United States Senate election in Maryland 1849 January 1855 1861 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly nbsp Candidate James PearceParty WhigLegislative vote Percentage James Pearce won re election by an unknown margin of votes for the Class 3 seat 8 New York editMain article 1855 United States Senate election in New York The election was held on February 6 1855 William H Seward had been elected in 1849 to this seat and his term would expire on March 3 1855 At the time the Democratic Party was split into two opposing factions the Hards and the Softs After most of the Barnburners had left the party joining the Whigs the majority of Hunkers split over the question of reconciliation with the minority of Barnburners who had remained Democrats The Hard faction led by Daniel S Dickinson was against it in true Hunker fashion claiming all patronage for themselves the Soft faction led by William L Marcy which included the former Barnburners advocated party unity as a necessity to defeat the Whigs In 1854 the Republican Party was founded as a national party but in New York the Whigs and the Anti Nebraska Party ran concurrently at the State election The unification of these occurred in New York only during the nomination convention for the State election in November 1855 Also running in the 1854 election were the American Party and nominees of the Temperance movement In a general way party lines were blurred until the re alignment during the late 1850s after the disbanding of the American Party At the State election in November 1853 23 Whigs 7 Hards and 2 Softs were elected for a two year term 1854 1855 in the State Senate At the State election in November 1854 Whig State Senator Myron H Clark was elected Governor of New York and 82 Whigs 26 Softs 16 Hards and 3 Temperance men were elected for the session of 1855 to the New York State Assembly Know Nothings are sprinkled miscellaneously among Whigs Hards and Softs and exactly how many there are of these gentry in the Assembly Nobody Knows 9 The 78th New York State Legislature met from January 2 to April 14 1855 at Albany New York In the Assembly Seward received 69 votes given by 65 Whigs 1 Democrat 1 Temperance man 1 Republican and 1 Whig Republican Dickinson received 14 votes given by 13 Democrats and 1 American Horatio Seymour received the votes of 12 Democrats Dix received 7 votes given by 5 Democrats 1 Independent Democrat and 1 Temperance man Fillmore received 4 votes given by 2 Whigs 1 Democrat and 1 Temperance American Horatio Seymour Jr received the votes of 2 Americans King Butler Lester Wait and Bronson received 1 Democratic vote each Campbell received 1 Temperance American vote Howell received 1 American vote Hoffman and Haven received 1 Whig vote each In the State Senate Seward received 18 Whig votes Dickinson 5 Hard votes and Allen 2 Whig votes Preston and Church received 1 Soft vote each Hoffman Babcock Ullmann and Fillmore received 1 American vote each Seward was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate and was declared elected Candidate Party Senate 32 members Assembly 128 members William H Seward Whig 18 69Daniel S Dickinson Dem Hard 5 14Horatio Seymour Dem Soft 12Washington Hunt Whig 9John Adams Dix Dem Soft 7Millard Fillmore Whig 1 4William F Allen Democratic 2Horatio Seymour Jr 2Preston King 1 1Ogden Hoffman Whig 1 1Daniel Ullmann American 1Sanford E Church Democratic 1George R Babcock Whig 1William W Campbell American 1Benjamin F Butler Democratic 1Albert Lester Democratic 1Greene C Bronson Democratic 1Solomon G Haven Opposition 1John D Howell 1L or J Wait 1See also edit1854 United States elections 1854 55 United States House of Representatives elections 33rd United States Congress 34th United States CongressNotes edit 17th Amendment to the U S Constitution Direct Election of U S Senators 1913 National Archives and Records Administration February 8 2022 Samuel S Phelps W VT had been appointed by the governor during a recess of the state legislature and the legislature later convened and adjourned a session without electing a senator to replace fill the vacancy The Senate ruled that Phelps had lost his entitlement to sit when the legislature adjourned See Currie David P May 10 2005 The Constitution in Congress ISBN 9780226129006 Byrd Robert C Wolff Wendy October 1 1993 The Senate 1789 1989 Historical Statistics 1789 1992 volume 4 Bicentennial ed U S Government Printing Office ISBN 9780160632563 page 80 Stryker s American Register and Magazine 1849 Journal of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois 1855 Springfield IL Lanphier amp Walker Printers 1855 a b Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky December 31 1853 March 10 1854 Frankfort Kentucky Albert G Hodges 1853 p 67 a b Taylor amp Taylor p 30 vol II Our Campaigns MD US Senate Race Jan 00 1855 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved 2022 11 05 Result and comment in The Whig Almanac 1855 compiled by Horace Greeley of the New York TribuneReferences editParty Division in the Senate 1789 Present via Senate gov The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 see pg 63 for U S Senators pg 137 for State Senators 1855 pg 248ff for Members of Assembly 1855 Members of the 34th United States Congress STATE AFFAIRS Election of a U S Senator for Six Years in NYT on February 7 1855 Taylor William Alexander Taylor Aubrey Clarence 1899 Ohio statesmen and annals of progress from the year 1788 to the year 1900 State of Ohio Result Senate Journal of the Senate 78th Session 1855 pg 198 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1854 55 United States Senate elections amp oldid 1143325566 Vermont, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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