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1130 Skuld

October 21, 2023

1130 Skuld, provisional designation 1929 RC, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Skuld from Norse mythology.[2]

1130 Skuld
Modelled shape of Skuld from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date2 September 1929
Designations
(1130) Skuld
Named after
Skuld (Norse mythology)[2]
1929 RC · 1928 FJ
1949 UD · 1962 LA
A906 VC
main-belt · Flora[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc110.38 yr (40,316 days)
Aphelion2.6701 AU
Perihelion1.7864 AU
2.2282 AU
Eccentricity0.1983
3.33 yr (1,215 days)
173.35°
0° 17m 46.68s / day
Inclination2.1677°
216.13°
113.81°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions9.63±0.44 km[4]
9.99 km (derived)[3]
10.125±0.092 km[5]
10.24±0.64 km[6]
11.009±0.091 km[7]
4.73±0.02 h[8]
4.807±0.002 h[9]
4.8079±0.0005 h[10]
4.810 h[a]
0.1995±0.0461[7]
0.24 (assumed)[3]
0.244±0.033[6]
0.302±0.031[4]
S[3]
12.0[1][4] · 12.10[6] · 12.17[3][7] · 12.17±0.02[9]

Discovery Edit

Skuld was discovered on 2 September 1929, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.[11] The body was independently discovered by astronomers and fellow countrymen Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Wachmann at the Hamburger Bergedorf Observatory ten nights later.[2]

It was first identified as A906 VC at Heidelberg in 1906, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 23 years prior to its official discovery observation.[11]

Orbit and classification Edit

Skuld is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of stony S-type asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,215 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]


Naming Edit

This minor planet was named after Skuld, one of the three Norns in Norse mythology. The asteroids 167 Urda and 621 Werdandi are named after the other two Norns.[2] Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 110).[2]

Physical characteristics Edit

Rotation period Edit

In January 2004, the first rotational lightcurves of Skuld were obtained by Henk de Groot and by a group of Polish and French astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4.73 and 4.8079 hours with a brightness variation of 0.46 and 0.40 magnitude, respectively (U=2+/3-).[8][10]

In 2009 and 2011, astronomers Robert Buchheim and Larry Robinson obtained two well-defined lightcurves from photometric observations. They gave a refined period of 4.810 and 4.807 hours with an amplitude of 0.50 and 0.26 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3).[9][a]

Diameter and albedo Edit

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Skuld measures between 9.63 and 11.009 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1995 and 0.302.[4][5][6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of this orbital family – and calculates a diameter of 9.99 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.17.[3]

Notes Edit

  1. ^ a b Robinson (2011) web: rotation period 4.810 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.5 mag. Summary figures for (1130) Skuld at 2=Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL)

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1130 Skuld (1929 RC)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1130) Skuld". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 96. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1131. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (1130) Skuld". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  5. ^ a b Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  7. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
  8. ^ a b Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1130) Skuld". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  9. ^ a b c Buchheim, Robert K. (April 2010). "Lightcurve and Phase Curve of 1130 Skuld". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (2): 41–42. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37...41B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  10. ^ a b Kryszczynska, A.; Colas, F.; Polinska, M.; Hirsch, R.; Ivanova, V.; Apostolovska, G.; et al. (October 2012). "Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 51. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A..72K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219199. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  11. ^ a b "1130 Skuld (1929 RC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 February 2017.

External links Edit

  • Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info
  • Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
  • Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend
  • Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
  • 1130 Skuld at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
    • Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
  • 1130 Skuld at the JPL Small-Body Database  
    • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters

October 21, 2023
1130, skuld, provisional, designation, 1929, stony, florian, asteroid, from, inner, regions, asteroid, belt, approximately, kilometers, diameter, named, after, skuld, from, norse, mythology, modelled, shape, skuld, from, lightcurvediscovery, discovered, reinmu. 1130 Skuld provisional designation 1929 RC is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt approximately 10 kilometers in diameter It was named after Skuld from Norse mythology 2 1130 SkuldModelled shape of Skuld from its lightcurveDiscovery 1 Discovered byK ReinmuthDiscovery siteHeidelberg Obs Discovery date2 September 1929DesignationsMPC designation 1130 SkuldNamed afterSkuld Norse mythology 2 Alternative designations1929 RC 1928 FJ1949 UD 1962 LAA906 VCMinor planet categorymain belt Flora 3 Orbital characteristics 1 Epoch 4 September 2017 JD 2458000 5 Uncertainty parameter 0Observation arc110 38 yr 40 316 days Aphelion2 6701 AUPerihelion1 7864 AUSemi major axis2 2282 AUEccentricity0 1983Orbital period sidereal 3 33 yr 1 215 days Mean anomaly173 35 Mean motion0 17m 46 68s dayInclination2 1677 Longitude of ascending node216 13 Argument of perihelion113 81 Physical characteristicsDimensions9 63 0 44 km 4 9 99 km derived 3 10 125 0 092 km 5 10 24 0 64 km 6 11 009 0 091 km 7 Synodic rotation period4 73 0 02 h 8 4 807 0 002 h 9 4 8079 0 0005 h 10 4 810 h a Geometric albedo0 1995 0 0461 7 0 24 assumed 3 0 244 0 033 6 0 302 0 031 4 Spectral typeS 3 Absolute magnitude H 12 0 1 4 12 10 6 12 17 3 7 12 17 0 02 9 Contents 1 Discovery 2 Orbit and classification 3 Naming 4 Physical characteristics 4 1 Rotation period 4 2 Diameter and albedo 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksDiscovery EditSkuld was discovered on 2 September 1929 by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany 11 The body was independently discovered by astronomers and fellow countrymen Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Wachmann at the Hamburger Bergedorf Observatory ten nights later 2 It was first identified as A906 VC at Heidelberg in 1906 extending the asteroid s observation arc by 23 years prior to its official discovery observation 11 Orbit and classification EditSkuld is a member of the Flora family one of the largest groups of stony S type asteroids in the main belt It orbits the Sun in the inner main belt at a distance of 1 8 2 7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months 1 215 days Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0 20 and an inclination of 2 with respect to the ecliptic 1 Naming EditThis minor planet was named after Skuld one of the three Norns in Norse mythology The asteroids 167 Urda and 621 Werdandi are named after the other two Norns 2 Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 H 110 2 Physical characteristics EditRotation period Edit In January 2004 the first rotational lightcurves of Skuld were obtained by Henk de Groot and by a group of Polish and French astronomers Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4 73 and 4 8079 hours with a brightness variation of 0 46 and 0 40 magnitude respectively U 2 3 8 10 In 2009 and 2011 astronomers Robert Buchheim and Larry Robinson obtained two well defined lightcurves from photometric observations They gave a refined period of 4 810 and 4 807 hours with an amplitude of 0 50 and 0 26 magnitude respectively U 3 3 9 a Diameter and albedo Edit According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA s Wide field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission Skuld measures between 9 63 and 11 009 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0 1995 and 0 302 4 5 6 7 The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0 24 derived from 8 Flora the largest member and namesake of this orbital family and calculates a diameter of 9 99 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12 17 3 Notes Edit a b Robinson 2011 web rotation period 4 810 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0 5 mag Summary figures for 1130 Skuld at 2 Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link CALL References Edit a b c d JPL Small Body Database Browser 1130 Skuld 1929 RC 2017 03 29 last obs Jet Propulsion Laboratory Retrieved 26 July 2017 a b c d e Schmadel Lutz D 2007 1130 Skuld Dictionary of Minor Planet Names Springer Berlin Heidelberg p 96 doi 10 1007 978 3 540 29925 7 1131 ISBN 978 3 540 00238 3 a b c d e f LCDB Data for 1130 Skuld Asteroid Lightcurve Database LCDB Retrieved 12 February 2017 a b c d Masiero Joseph R Mainzer A K Grav T Bauer J M Cutri R M Nugent C et al November 2012 Preliminary Analysis of WISE NEOWISE 3 Band Cryogenic and Post cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids The Astrophysical Journal Letters 759 1 5 arXiv 1209 5794 Bibcode 2012ApJ 759L 8M doi 10 1088 2041 8205 759 1 L8 Retrieved 12 February 2017 a b Masiero Joseph R Grav T Mainzer A K Nugent C R Bauer J M Stevenson R et al August 2014 Main belt Asteroids with WISE NEOWISE Near infrared Albedos The Astrophysical Journal 791 2 11 arXiv 1406 6645 Bibcode 2014ApJ 791 121M doi 10 1088 0004 637X 791 2 121 Retrieved 12 February 2017 a b c d Usui Fumihiko Kuroda Daisuke Muller Thomas G Hasegawa Sunao Ishiguro Masateru Ootsubo Takafumi et al October 2011 Asteroid Catalog Using Akari AKARI IRC Mid Infrared Asteroid Survey Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 5 1117 1138 Bibcode 2011PASJ 63 1117U doi 10 1093 pasj 63 5 1117 online AcuA catalog p 153 a b c d Mainzer A Grav T Masiero J Hand E Bauer J Tholen D et al November 2011 NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids Preliminary Results The Astrophysical Journal 741 2 25 arXiv 1109 6407 Bibcode 2011ApJ 741 90M doi 10 1088 0004 637X 741 2 90 a b Behrend Raoul Asteroids and comets rotation curves 1130 Skuld Geneva Observatory Retrieved 12 February 2017 a b c Buchheim Robert K April 2010 Lightcurve and Phase Curve of 1130 Skuld The Minor Planet Bulletin 37 2 41 42 Bibcode 2010MPBu 37 41B ISSN 1052 8091 Retrieved 12 February 2017 a b Kryszczynska A Colas F Polinska M Hirsch R Ivanova V Apostolovska G et al October 2012 Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family I Photometric survey of the Flora region Astronomy and Astrophysics 546 51 Bibcode 2012A amp A 546A 72K doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201219199 Retrieved 12 February 2017 a b 1130 Skuld 1929 RC Minor Planet Center Retrieved 12 February 2017 External links EditLightcurve Database Query LCDB at www minorplanet info Dictionary of Minor Planet Names Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves CdR Geneva Observatory Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances Numbered Minor Planets 1 5000 Minor Planet Center 1130 Skuld at AstDyS 2 Asteroids Dynamic Site Ephemeris Observation prediction Orbital info Proper elements Observational info 1130 Skuld at the JPL Small Body Database nbsp Close approach Discovery Ephemeris Orbit diagram Orbital elements Physical parameters Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1130 Skuld amp oldid 1170690155, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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