Addition reactions are limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds, such as molecules with carbon–carbon double bonds (alkenes), or with triple bonds (alkynes), and compounds that have rings, which are also considered points of unsaturation. Molecules containing carbon—hetero double bonds like carbonyl (C=O) groups, or imine (C=N) groups, can undergo addition, as they too have double-bond character.
General overview of addition reactions. Top to bottom: electrophilic addition to alkene, nucleophilic addition of nucleophile to carbonyl and free-radical addition of halide to alkene
Addition reactions are useful in analytic chemistry, as they can identify the existence and number of double bonds in a molecule. For example, bromine addition will consume a bromine solution, resulting in a color change:
Likewise hydrogen addition often proceeds on all double-bonds of a molecule, and thus gives a count of the number of a double and triple bonds through stoichiometry:
Referencesedit
^Morrison, R. T.; Boyd, R. N. (1983). Organic Chemistry (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN0-205-05838-8.
^March, Jerry (1985), Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 3rd edition, New York: Wiley, ISBN9780471854722, OCLC 642506595.
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addition, reaction, organic, chemistry, addition, reaction, organic, reaction, where, more, molecules, combine, form, larger, adduct, limited, chemical, compounds, that, have, multiple, bonds, such, molecules, with, carbon, carbon, double, bonds, alkenes, with. In organic chemistry an addition reaction is an organic reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger one the adduct 1 2 Addition reactions are limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds such as molecules with carbon carbon double bonds alkenes or with triple bonds alkynes and compounds that have rings which are also considered points of unsaturation Molecules containing carbon hetero double bonds like carbonyl C O groups or imine C N groups can undergo addition as they too have double bond character An addition reaction is the reverse of an elimination reaction For instance the hydration of an alkene to an alcohol is reversed by dehydration There are two main types of polar addition reactions electrophilic addition and nucleophilic addition Two non polar addition reactions exist as well called free radical addition and cycloadditions Addition reactions are also encountered in polymerizations and called addition polymerization General overview of addition reactions Top to bottom electrophilic addition to alkene nucleophilic addition of nucleophile to carbonyl and free radical addition of halide to alkene Depending on the product structure it could promptly react further to eject a leaving group to give the addition elimination reaction sequence Addition reactions are useful in analytic chemistry as they can identify the existence and number of double bonds in a molecule For example bromine addition will consume a bromine solution resulting in a color change RR C CR R Br 2 orange brown CCl 4 RR CBr BrCR R typically colorless displaystyle ce RR C CR R Br2 orange brown gt atop ce CCl4 RR CBr BrCR R typically colorless Likewise hydrogen addition often proceeds on all double bonds of a molecule and thus gives a count of the number of a double and triple bonds through stoichiometry H 2 C CH 2 2 H 2 Pt Pd H 3 C CH 2 2 displaystyle ce H2C CH 2 2H2 gt atop ce Pt ce Pd H3C CH2 2 References edit Morrison R T Boyd R N 1983 Organic Chemistry 4th ed Boston Allyn and Bacon ISBN 0 205 05838 8 March Jerry 1985 Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions Mechanisms and Structure 3rd edition New York Wiley ISBN 9780471854722 OCLC 642506595 External links edit nbsp Quotations related to Addition reaction at Wikiquote nbsp This organic chemistry article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Addition reaction amp oldid 1213275403, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
