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Ōei

February 11, 2024

Ōei (応永) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Meitoku and before Shōchō. This period spanned the years from July 1394 through April 1428.[1] Reigning emperors were Go-Komatsu-tennō (後小松天皇,) and Shōkō-tennō (称光天皇).[2]

Change of era edit

  • 1394 Ōei gannen (応永元年): The new era name was created because of plague. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Meitoku 5, the 5th day of the 7th month.

Events of the Ōei era edit

  • 1394 (Ōei 1): Yoshimitsu officially cedes his position to his son;[3]
  • 1396 (Ōei 3): Imagawa Sadayo dismissed.[4]
  • 1397 (Ōei 4): Uprising in Kyūshū suppressed.[5]
  • May 13, 1397 (Ōei 4, 16th day of the 4th month): Construction begun on Kinkaku-ji.[6]
  • 1397 (Ōei 4, 8th month): an Imperial ambassador is dispatched from Emperor Go-Komatsu to the court of the Hongwu Emperor of China.[6]
  • September 1398 (Ōei 5, 8th month): In the early autumn in the 6th year of the reign of King Taejong of Joseon, a diplomatic mission was sent to Japan.[7] Pak Tong-chi and his retinue arrived in Kyoto. Shōgun Yoshimochi presented the envoy with a formal diplomatic letter; and presents were given for the envoy to convey to the Joseon court.[8]
  • 1398 (Ōei 5) Muromachi administration organized.[5]
  • November 18, 1399 (Ōei 6, 28th day of the 10th month): Ōei Rebellion [ja] (応永の乱, Ōei no ran) begins. Ōuchi Yoshihiro raises an army against shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu; and the Ashikaga forces prevail against this opposition.[9]
  • 1399 (Ōei 6): Ōuchi Yoshihiro and Ashikaga Mitsukane rebel—Ōei War.[5]
  • 1401 (Ōei 8, 2nd month): The Imperial Palace was burned.[10]
  • 1401 (Ōei 8): Yoshimitsu sends a diplomatic mission to the court of the Jianwen Emperor of China as a tentative first step in re-initiating trade between Japan and Ming China. The letter conveyed to the Emperor of China was accompanied by a gift of 1000 ounces of gold and diverse objects.[10]
  • 1402 (Ōei 9): A letter from the Jianwen Emperor of China was received by Yoshimitsu; and this formal communication mistakenly accords the title "king of Japan" to the Japanese shōgun.[11]
  • 1402 (Ōei 9): Uprising in Mutsu suppressed.[5]
  • 1404 (Ōei 11): Yoshimitsu appointed Nippon Koku-Ō (King of Japan) by Chinese emperor.
  • 1408 (Ōei 15): Yoshimitsu dies.[5]
  • 1408 (Ōei 15): Yoshimochi comes into his own as a shōgun.
  • 1409 (Ōei 16, 3rd month): An ambassador from the Joseon court was received in Kyoto.[12]
  • 1409 (Ōei 16): Ashikaga Mochiuji becomes Kantō kubō.[5]
  • 1411 (Ōei 18): Yoshimochi breaks off relations with China.[13]
  • 1412 (Ōei 19): Emperor Shōkō was made the new sovereign upon the abdication of his father, Emperor Go-Komatsu. His actual coronation date was two years later. Shōkō was only 12 years old when he began living in the daïri; but Go-Komatsu, as a Cloistered Emperor still retained direction of the court and the shōgun was charged with the general superintendence of affairs until his death at age 57 in 1433.[14]
  • 1413 (Ōei 20): Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimochi fell ill, and so he sent an ambassador to the Ise Shrine to pray for the return of his health.[15]
  • 1413 (Ōei 20): Emperor Go-Komatsu abdicates; Emperor Shōkō ascends throne in repudiation of agreement; renewed hostility between shogunate and supporters of Southern Court.[5]
  • January 29, 1415 (Ōei 21, on the 19th day of the 12th month): Enthronement of Emperor Shōkō.
  • 1415 (Ōei 22): Dissension between Mochiuji, the Kantō Kubō at Kamakura, and Uesugi Zenshū (Kanrei).[13]
  • 1416 (Ōei 23): Uesugi rebels.[5]
  • 1417 (Ōei 24): Uesugi's rebellion quelled by Mochiuji.[13]
  • 1418 (Ōei 25): Rebuilding of Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji in Suruga Province is ordered by Ashikaga Yoshimochi.[16]
  • July 18, 1419 (Ōei 26, 26th day of the 6th month): Ōei Invasion (応永の外寇, Ōei no gaikō) was a Joseon military action in Tsushima Province (Tsushima Island). The Joseon military forces were focused on the pirates (wakō) which had established bases from which to raid the coastline of the Korean peninsula. More than 200 ships and 17,000 fighting men took part in this military expedition.[17]
  • 1420 (Ōei 27): Serious famine with great loss of life.[13]
  • 1422 (Ōei 29): Resuragence of southern supporters.[5]
  • 1423 (Ōei 30, 2nd month): Shōgun Yoshimochi retires in favor of his son, Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, who is 17 years old.[18]
  • 1424 (Ōei 31): Go-Kameyama dies.[5]
  • March 17, 1425 (Ōei 32, 27th day of the 2nd month): Shōgun Yoshikatsu died at the age of 19 years, having administered the empire for only three years.[19]
  • 1425 (Ōei 32): After Yoshikazu dies, Yoshimochi resumes the responsibilities of office.[5]
  • 1428 (Ōei 35): Yoshimochi dies; Shōkō dies; Go-Hanazono ascends throne in second repudiation of agreement.[5]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Ōei" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 735; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
  2. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 317–327.
  3. ^ Titsingh, p. 321.
  4. ^ Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron", p. 329.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron", p. 330.
  6. ^ a b Titsingh, p. 322.
  7. ^ Kang, Etsuko Hae-jin. (1997). Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century, p. 275.
  8. ^ Titsingh, p. 322.
  9. ^ Nussbaum, "Ōei no Ran" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 735.
  10. ^ a b Titsingh, p. 323.
  11. ^ Titsingh, p. 324.
  12. ^ Titsingh, p. 325.
  13. ^ a b c d Sansom, George. (1961). A History of Japan, 1334-1615, p. 142.
  14. ^ Titsingh, p. 326-327; Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 105-106.
  15. ^ Titsingh, p. 328.
  16. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962. Studies in Shinto and Shrines, pp. 461–462.
  17. ^ Nussbaum, "Ōei no Gaikō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 735.
  18. ^ Titsingh, p. 329.
  19. ^ Titsingh, p. 330.

References edit

  • Kang, Etsuko Hae-jin. (1997). Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Basingstoke, Hampshire; Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-17370-8; OCLC 243874305
  • Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
  • Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
  • ____________. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 3994492
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691

External links edit

  • National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Preceded by Era or nengō
Ōei
1394–1428 		Succeeded by

February 11, 2024
Ōei, 応永, japanese, name, 年号, nengō, year, name, after, meitoku, before, shōchō, this, period, spanned, years, from, july, 1394, through, april, 1428, reigning, emperors, were, komatsu, tennō, 後小松天皇, shōkō, tennō, 称光天皇, contents, change, events, notes, referenc. Ōei 応永 was a Japanese era name 年号 nengō year name after Meitoku and before Shōchō This period spanned the years from July 1394 through April 1428 1 Reigning emperors were Go Komatsu tennō 後小松天皇 and Shōkō tennō 称光天皇 2 Contents 1 Change of era 2 Events of the Ōei era 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksChange of era edit1394 Ōei gannen 応永元年 The new era name was created because of plague The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Meitoku 5 the 5th day of the 7th month Events of the Ōei era edit1394 Ōei 1 Yoshimitsu officially cedes his position to his son 3 1396 Ōei 3 Imagawa Sadayo dismissed 4 1397 Ōei 4 Uprising in Kyushu suppressed 5 May 13 1397 Ōei 4 16th day of the 4th month Construction begun on Kinkaku ji 6 1397 Ōei 4 8th month an Imperial ambassador is dispatched from Emperor Go Komatsu to the court of the Hongwu Emperor of China 6 September 1398 Ōei 5 8th month In the early autumn in the 6th year of the reign of King Taejong of Joseon a diplomatic mission was sent to Japan 7 Pak Tong chi and his retinue arrived in Kyoto Shōgun Yoshimochi presented the envoy with a formal diplomatic letter and presents were given for the envoy to convey to the Joseon court 8 1398 Ōei 5 Muromachi administration organized 5 November 18 1399 Ōei 6 28th day of the 10th month Ōei Rebellion ja 応永の乱 Ōei no ran begins Ōuchi Yoshihiro raises an army against shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and the Ashikaga forces prevail against this opposition 9 1399 Ōei 6 Ōuchi Yoshihiro and Ashikaga Mitsukane rebel Ōei War 5 1401 Ōei 8 2nd month The Imperial Palace was burned 10 1401 Ōei 8 Yoshimitsu sends a diplomatic mission to the court of the Jianwen Emperor of China as a tentative first step in re initiating trade between Japan and Ming China The letter conveyed to the Emperor of China was accompanied by a gift of 1000 ounces of gold and diverse objects 10 1402 Ōei 9 A letter from the Jianwen Emperor of China was received by Yoshimitsu and this formal communication mistakenly accords the title king of Japan to the Japanese shōgun 11 1402 Ōei 9 Uprising in Mutsu suppressed 5 1404 Ōei 11 Yoshimitsu appointed Nippon Koku Ō King of Japan by Chinese emperor 1408 Ōei 15 Yoshimitsu dies 5 1408 Ōei 15 Yoshimochi comes into his own as a shōgun 1409 Ōei 16 3rd month An ambassador from the Joseon court was received in Kyoto 12 1409 Ōei 16 Ashikaga Mochiuji becomes Kantō kubō 5 1411 Ōei 18 Yoshimochi breaks off relations with China 13 1412 Ōei 19 Emperor Shōkō was made the new sovereign upon the abdication of his father Emperor Go Komatsu His actual coronation date was two years later Shōkō was only 12 years old when he began living in the dairi but Go Komatsu as a Cloistered Emperor still retained direction of the court and the shōgun was charged with the general superintendence of affairs until his death at age 57 in 1433 14 1413 Ōei 20 Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimochi fell ill and so he sent an ambassador to the Ise Shrine to pray for the return of his health 15 1413 Ōei 20 Emperor Go Komatsu abdicates Emperor Shōkō ascends throne in repudiation of agreement renewed hostility between shogunate and supporters of Southern Court 5 January 29 1415 Ōei 21 on the 19th day of the 12th month Enthronement of Emperor Shōkō 1415 Ōei 22 Dissension between Mochiuji the Kantō Kubō at Kamakura and Uesugi Zenshu Kanrei 13 1416 Ōei 23 Uesugi rebels 5 1417 Ōei 24 Uesugi s rebellion quelled by Mochiuji 13 1418 Ōei 25 Rebuilding of Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji in Suruga Province is ordered by Ashikaga Yoshimochi 16 July 18 1419 Ōei 26 26th day of the 6th month Ōei Invasion 応永の外寇 Ōei no gaikō was a Joseon military action in Tsushima Province Tsushima Island The Joseon military forces were focused on the pirates wakō which had established bases from which to raid the coastline of the Korean peninsula More than 200 ships and 17 000 fighting men took part in this military expedition 17 1420 Ōei 27 Serious famine with great loss of life 13 1422 Ōei 29 Resuragence of southern supporters 5 1423 Ōei 30 2nd month Shōgun Yoshimochi retires in favor of his son Ashikaga Yoshikatsu who is 17 years old 18 1424 Ōei 31 Go Kameyama dies 5 March 17 1425 Ōei 32 27th day of the 2nd month Shōgun Yoshikatsu died at the age of 19 years having administered the empire for only three years 19 1425 Ōei 32 After Yoshikazu dies Yoshimochi resumes the responsibilities of office 5 1428 Ōei 35 Yoshimochi dies Shōkō dies Go Hanazono ascends throne in second repudiation of agreement 5 Notes edit Nussbaum Louis Frederic 2005 Ōei in Japan encyclopedia p 735 n b Louis Frederic is pseudonym of Louis Frederic Nussbaum see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Titsingh Isaac 1834 Annales des empereurs du japon pp 317 327 Titsingh p 321 Ackroyd Joyce 1982 Lessons from History The Tokushi Yoron p 329 a b c d e f g h i j k l Ackroyd Joyce 1982 Lessons from History The Tokushi Yoron p 330 a b Titsingh p 322 Kang Etsuko Hae jin 1997 Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese Korean Relations from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century p 275 Titsingh p 322 Nussbaum Ōei no Ran in Japan encyclopedia p 735 a b Titsingh p 323 Titsingh p 324 Titsingh p 325 a b c d Sansom George 1961 A History of Japan 1334 1615 p 142 Titsingh p 326 327 Ponsonby Fane Richard 1959 The Imperial House of Japan pp 105 106 Titsingh p 328 Ponsonby Fane Richard 1962 Studies in Shinto and Shrines pp 461 462 Nussbaum Ōei no Gaikō in Japan encyclopedia p 735 Titsingh p 329 Titsingh p 330 References editKang Etsuko Hae jin 1997 Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese Korean Relations from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century Basingstoke Hampshire Macmillan ISBN 978 0 312 17370 8 OCLC 243874305 Nussbaum Louis Frederic and Kathe Roth 2005 Japan Encyclopedia Cambridge Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 01753 5 OCLC 48943301 Ponsonby Fane Richard Arthur Brabazon 1959 The Imperial House of Japan Kyoto Ponsonby Memorial Society OCLC 194887 1962 Studies in Shinto and Shrines Kyoto Ponsonby Memorial Society OCLC 3994492 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Ōdai Ichiran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon Paris Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland OCLC 5850691External links editNational Diet Library The Japanese Calendar historical overview plus illustrative images from library s collectionPreceded byMeitoku Era or nengōŌei1394 1428 Succeeded byShōchō Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ōei amp oldid 1169140767, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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