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Åke Ohlmarks

December 31, 2023

Åke Joel Ohlmarks (3 June 1911 – 6 June 1984) was a Swedish author, translator and scholar of philology, linguistics and religious studies. He worked as a lecturer at the University of Greifswald from 1941 to 1945, where he founded the institute for religious studies together with the Deutsche Christen member Wilhelm Koepp [de]. His most notable contribution to the field is his 1939 study of Shamanism. As a translator, he is notable for his Swedish version of the Icelandic Edda, of Shakespeare's works and a heavily criticised translation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, as well as a version of the Qur'an and works by writers including Dante and Nostradamus.

Åke Ohlmarks
Born3 June 1911 
Kristianstads parish 
Died6 June 1984  (aged 73)
Province of Brescia 
Resting placeLimhamn cemetery 
OccupationTranslator, writer, philologist, religious studies scholar 

Early life and career edit

Ohlmarks was born in Kristianstad, Sweden and was the son of wholesaler Joel Ohlmarks and Anna-Lisa Larsson.[1] He studied Nordic languages and the history of religion at Lund University, where he immersed himself in student life and became renowned for his occasional poetry and Spex writing. After earning a bachelor's degree he was editor of a student newspaper[2] and then worked as Swedish lecturer in Tübingen from 1933 to 1934[1] and in Reykjavík from 1935 to 1936.[1] He earned a Licentiate of Philosophy degree in 1935 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1937,[1] but his doctoral thesis Heimdalls Horn und Odins Auge was criticised for lacking philological accuracy and he failed to get a readership (docentbetyg) in Sweden, which Ohlmarks claimed was because his satirical poetry had angered his professors.[2]

He was docent and associate professor in the Swedish language in Greifswald from 1941 to 1945.[1] There he founded an institute for religious studies, which he led until he left the city shortly before it was invaded by the Red Army. He did not adjust his scholarship in line with National Socialist ideology and later denied being a Nazi, but his conduct at the time has been described as opportunistic and as a combination of adaptation, collaboration and ignorance.[2]

Ohlmarks was director of Europafilm's manuscript department from 1950 to 1959, visiting professor in Zürich in 1965 and head of the Institut für vergleichende Felsbildforschung in Rheinklingen in 1966. He was also a co-worker of the Die Tat in Zürich from 1966.[3] He published about eighty works of popular science and history of varying quality, and roughly as many translations, in addition to nine novels and four volumes of autobiography. His great productivity was partly caused by financial problems after his time at Europafilm.[2]

He was chairman of the Association of Nordic Philologists (Föreningen nordiska filologer) in Lund from 1931 to 1934 and of the Academic Society for the Swedish-Baltic Cooperation (Akademiska föreningen för svensk-baltiskt samarbete) from 1938 to 1940. Ohlmarks was secretary in the Science of Religion Coummunity (Religionsvetenskapliga samfundet) in Lund from 1936 and the community Ad patriam illustrandam in 1963.[3]

Ohlmarks had a deep interest in Iranian Studies and is the author of Alla Irans härskare and Shiʾa: iranska islams urkunder, the latter being a criticism of Islamic fundamentalism.[4]

Translation of Tolkien's works edit

Further information: Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish

Ohlmarks translation of Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings was strongly disliked by the author,[5] prompting him to compile his Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings. Ohlmarks not only invented many expressions of his own, but also took great liberties with the contents of Tolkien's work, both by shortening many parts of it and by inserting his own interpretations. Tolkien was also dissatisfied by the title Sagan om ringen, "The Saga of the Ring".

As a result of the severe criticism directed against his translation of The Lord of the Rings, both by Tolkien himself and by Swedish Tolkien fandom, Ohlmarks in the late 1970s began to display hostility towards the "Tolkien phenomenon", and in 1982 published a book titled Tolkien and Black Magic,[6] expounding a conspiracy theory connecting Tolkien and Tolkien fandom with Nazi occultism.

Despite the criticism and controversy, Ohlmarks's translations remained the only Swedish-language translations of The Lord of the Rings until the publication of a completely new version by Erik Andersson and Lotta Olsson in 2005.

Personal life edit

In his second marriage, in 1954, he married Letty Steenstrup (born 1919), the daughter of Erling Steenstrup and Ruth Strandnaes.[1] In his third marriage, in 1969, he married editorial assistant Monica Suter (born 1940), daughter of Adolf Suter von Schwyz and his wife.[7] Ohlmarks died in 1984 in Crist di Niardo, Brescia, Italy.

Publications edit

Academic edit

  • 1936, Isländska hov och gudahus, in: Bidrag till nordisk filologi tillägnade Emil Olson den 9 juni 1936, S.339-355.
  • 1936, Totenerweckung in Eddaliedern, in: Arkiv för nordisk filologi 52, S 264–297.
  • 1937, Heimdalls Horn und Odins Auge. Studien zur nordischen und vergleichenden Religionsgeschichte, Erstes Buch (I-II) Heimdallr und das Horn, Lund.
  • 1939, Studien zum Problem des Schamanismus, Lund.
  • 1939, Anmärkningar och genmäle angående Heimdall, in: Arkiv för nordisk filologi 54, S. 354–363.
  • 1939, Arktischer Schamanismus und altnordischer Seiðr, in: Archiv für Religionswissenschaft 36, S. 171–180.
  • 1941, Stellt die mythische Bifrost den Regenbogen oder die Milchstrasse dar? Eine textkritisch-religionshistorische Untersuchung zur mythographischen Arbeitsmethode Snorri Sturlusons, (Meddelande från Lunds astronomiska observatorium, Ser. II Nr. 110), Lund.
  • 1941, Das Grabschiff. Studien zur vorgeschichtlichen nordischen Religionsgeschichte, i: Zeitschrift für systematische Theologie 18, S. 150–158.
  • 1943, Studien zur altgermanischen Religionsgeschichte. 4 Aufsätze, Leipzig.
  • 1943, Die klassischen Isländersagas und ihr Ehrbegriff, in: Grundmann, Walter (Hg.), Die völkische Gestalt des Glaubens, Leipzig, S. 157–220.
  • with Lars Åkerberg (1944), Thomas Thorild als Vorläufer der neuzeitlichen Religionswissenschaft, Greifswald.
  • 1944, Alt-Uppsala und Urnes. Untersuchung zur Entstehung der Dreischiffstabkirche und des ältesten germanisch-heidnischen Kulthauses, (Meddelande från Lunds astronomiska observatorium, Ser. II Nr. 115), Lund.
  • 1944, Alt-Uppsala und Arkona, in: Vetenskapssocieteten i Lund, Årsbok 1943, Lund, S. 79-120.
  • 1945, „Toalettredskapen“ och solreligionen under yngre bronsåldern, in: Fornvännen 40, S. 337–358.
  • 1946, Gravskeppet. Studier i förhistorisk nordisk religionshistoria, Stockholm.
  • 1963, Hällristningarnas gudar. En sammanställning och ett förklarningsförsök, Stockholm.
  • 1979, Vårt nordiska arv. från 10.000 f.Kr. till medeltidens början, Stockholm.

Autobiographical edit

  • I paradiset. Levnadsminnen I, Uddevalla (1965).
  • Doktor i Lund. En bok om akademiska intriger, Stockholm (1980).
  • Efter mig Syndafloden. Greifswald-Berlin-Hamburg 1941–1945, Köping (1980).

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Burling, Ingeborg, ed. (1956). Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1957 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1957] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. p. 746.
  2. ^ a b c d Kleberg, Lars; Dahl, Alva. "Åke Ohlmarks". Svenskt översättarlexikon (in Swedish). Litteraturbanken. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  3. ^ a b Lagerström, Sten, ed. (1968). Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1969 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1969] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. p. 732.
  4. ^ Åke Ohlmarks, Alla Irans härskare, Stockholm: Sjöstrand, 1979.
  5. ^ Carpenter, Humphrey, ed. (1981). The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-31555-2., #263 to Rayner Unwin, 1957
  6. ^ Tolkien och den svarta magin (1982), ISBN 978-91-7574-053-9.
  7. ^ Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1977 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1977] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. 1976. p. 779. ISBN 91-1-766022-X.

Further reading edit

  • Fritz Heinrich, (1997), Das religionswissenschaftliche Institut der Ernst Moritz Arndt-Universität Greifswald 1944–1945, in: Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft 5, S. 203–230.
  • Fritz Heinrich, (2002), Die deutsche Religionswissenschaft und der Nationalsozialismus. Eine ideologiekritische und wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Untersuchung, Petersberg.
  • Gunnar Jarring, (1992–1994), Ohlmarks, Åke Joel, in: Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon Bd. 28, Stockholm, S. 111–117.
  • Anders Marell, (1998), Åke Ohlmarks – schwedischer Lektor, Nazimitläufer und/oder Geheimagent?, in: Germanisten 1-3 Jg. 3, S. 93-100.

December 31, 2023
Åke, ohlmarks, Åke, joel, ohlmarks, june, 1911, june, 1984, swedish, author, translator, scholar, philology, linguistics, religious, studies, worked, lecturer, university, greifswald, from, 1941, 1945, where, founded, institute, religious, studies, together, w. Ake Joel Ohlmarks 3 June 1911 6 June 1984 was a Swedish author translator and scholar of philology linguistics and religious studies He worked as a lecturer at the University of Greifswald from 1941 to 1945 where he founded the institute for religious studies together with the Deutsche Christen member Wilhelm Koepp de His most notable contribution to the field is his 1939 study of Shamanism As a translator he is notable for his Swedish version of the Icelandic Edda of Shakespeare s works and a heavily criticised translation of J R R Tolkien s The Lord of the Rings as well as a version of the Qur an and works by writers including Dante and Nostradamus Ake OhlmarksBorn3 June 1911 Kristianstads parish Died6 June 1984 aged 73 Province of Brescia Resting placeLimhamn cemetery OccupationTranslator writer philologist religious studies scholar Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Translation of Tolkien s works 3 Personal life 4 Publications 4 1 Academic 4 2 Autobiographical 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingEarly life and career editOhlmarks was born in Kristianstad Sweden and was the son of wholesaler Joel Ohlmarks and Anna Lisa Larsson 1 He studied Nordic languages and the history of religion at Lund University where he immersed himself in student life and became renowned for his occasional poetry and Spex writing After earning a bachelor s degree he was editor of a student newspaper 2 and then worked as Swedish lecturer in Tubingen from 1933 to 1934 1 and in Reykjavik from 1935 to 1936 1 He earned a Licentiate of Philosophy degree in 1935 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1937 1 but his doctoral thesis Heimdalls Horn und Odins Auge was criticised for lacking philological accuracy and he failed to get a readership docentbetyg in Sweden which Ohlmarks claimed was because his satirical poetry had angered his professors 2 He was docent and associate professor in the Swedish language in Greifswald from 1941 to 1945 1 There he founded an institute for religious studies which he led until he left the city shortly before it was invaded by the Red Army He did not adjust his scholarship in line with National Socialist ideology and later denied being a Nazi but his conduct at the time has been described as opportunistic and as a combination of adaptation collaboration and ignorance 2 Ohlmarks was director of Europafilm s manuscript department from 1950 to 1959 visiting professor in Zurich in 1965 and head of the Institut fur vergleichende Felsbildforschung in Rheinklingen in 1966 He was also a co worker of the Die Tat in Zurich from 1966 3 He published about eighty works of popular science and history of varying quality and roughly as many translations in addition to nine novels and four volumes of autobiography His great productivity was partly caused by financial problems after his time at Europafilm 2 He was chairman of the Association of Nordic Philologists Foreningen nordiska filologer in Lund from 1931 to 1934 and of the Academic Society for the Swedish Baltic Cooperation Akademiska foreningen for svensk baltiskt samarbete from 1938 to 1940 Ohlmarks was secretary in the Science of Religion Coummunity Religionsvetenskapliga samfundet in Lund from 1936 and the community Ad patriam illustrandam in 1963 3 Ohlmarks had a deep interest in Iranian Studies and is the author of Alla Irans harskare and Shiʾa iranska islams urkunder the latter being a criticism of Islamic fundamentalism 4 Translation of Tolkien s works editFurther information Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish Ohlmarks translation of Tolkien s The Lord of the Rings was strongly disliked by the author 5 prompting him to compile his Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings Ohlmarks not only invented many expressions of his own but also took great liberties with the contents of Tolkien s work both by shortening many parts of it and by inserting his own interpretations Tolkien was also dissatisfied by the title Sagan om ringen The Saga of the Ring As a result of the severe criticism directed against his translation of The Lord of the Rings both by Tolkien himself and by Swedish Tolkien fandom Ohlmarks in the late 1970s began to display hostility towards the Tolkien phenomenon and in 1982 published a book titled Tolkien and Black Magic 6 expounding a conspiracy theory connecting Tolkien and Tolkien fandom with Nazi occultism Despite the criticism and controversy Ohlmarks s translations remained the only Swedish language translations of The Lord of the Rings until the publication of a completely new version by Erik Andersson and Lotta Olsson in 2005 Personal life editIn his second marriage in 1954 he married Letty Steenstrup born 1919 the daughter of Erling Steenstrup and Ruth Strandnaes 1 In his third marriage in 1969 he married editorial assistant Monica Suter born 1940 daughter of Adolf Suter von Schwyz and his wife 7 Ohlmarks died in 1984 in Crist di Niardo Brescia Italy Publications editAcademic edit 1936 Islandska hov och gudahus in Bidrag till nordisk filologi tillagnade Emil Olson den 9 juni 1936 S 339 355 1936 Totenerweckung in Eddaliedern in Arkiv for nordisk filologi 52 S 264 297 1937 Heimdalls Horn und Odins Auge Studien zur nordischen und vergleichenden Religionsgeschichte Erstes Buch I II Heimdallr und das Horn Lund 1939 Studien zum Problem des Schamanismus Lund 1939 Anmarkningar och genmale angaende Heimdall in Arkiv for nordisk filologi 54 S 354 363 1939 Arktischer Schamanismus und altnordischer Seidr in Archiv fur Religionswissenschaft 36 S 171 180 1941 Stellt die mythische Bifrost den Regenbogen oder die Milchstrasse dar Eine textkritisch religionshistorische Untersuchung zur mythographischen Arbeitsmethode Snorri Sturlusons Meddelande fran Lunds astronomiska observatorium Ser II Nr 110 Lund 1941 Das Grabschiff Studien zur vorgeschichtlichen nordischen Religionsgeschichte i Zeitschrift fur systematische Theologie 18 S 150 158 1943 Studien zur altgermanischen Religionsgeschichte 4 Aufsatze Leipzig 1943 Die klassischen Islandersagas und ihr Ehrbegriff in Grundmann Walter Hg Die volkische Gestalt des Glaubens Leipzig S 157 220 with Lars Akerberg 1944 Thomas Thorild als Vorlaufer der neuzeitlichen Religionswissenschaft Greifswald 1944 Alt Uppsala und Urnes Untersuchung zur Entstehung der Dreischiffstabkirche und des altesten germanisch heidnischen Kulthauses Meddelande fran Lunds astronomiska observatorium Ser II Nr 115 Lund 1944 Alt Uppsala und Arkona in Vetenskapssocieteten i Lund Arsbok 1943 Lund S 79 120 1945 Toalettredskapen och solreligionen under yngre bronsaldern in Fornvannen 40 S 337 358 1946 Gravskeppet Studier i forhistorisk nordisk religionshistoria Stockholm 1963 Hallristningarnas gudar En sammanstallning och ett forklarningsforsok Stockholm 1979 Vart nordiska arv fran 10 000 f Kr till medeltidens borjan Stockholm Autobiographical edit I paradiset Levnadsminnen I Uddevalla 1965 Doktor i Lund En bok om akademiska intriger Stockholm 1980 Efter mig Syndafloden Greifswald Berlin Hamburg 1941 1945 Koping 1980 See also editTranslations of The Lord of the Rings Translation of The Lord of the Rings into SwedishReferences edit a b c d e f Burling Ingeborg ed 1956 Vem ar det svensk biografisk handbok 1957 Who is it Swedish biographical handbook 1957 in Swedish Stockholm Norstedt p 746 a b c d Kleberg Lars Dahl Alva Ake Ohlmarks Svenskt oversattarlexikon in Swedish Litteraturbanken Retrieved 25 September 2022 a b Lagerstrom Sten ed 1968 Vem ar det svensk biografisk handbok 1969 Who is it Swedish biographical handbook 1969 in Swedish Stockholm Norstedt p 732 Ake Ohlmarks Alla Irans harskare Stockholm Sjostrand 1979 Carpenter Humphrey ed 1981 The Letters of J R R Tolkien Boston Houghton Mifflin ISBN 978 0 395 31555 2 263 to Rayner Unwin 1957 Tolkien och den svarta magin 1982 ISBN 978 91 7574 053 9 Vem ar det svensk biografisk handbok 1977 Who is it Swedish biographical handbook 1977 in Swedish Stockholm Norstedt 1976 p 779 ISBN 91 1 766022 X Further reading editFritz Heinrich 1997 Das religionswissenschaftliche Institut der Ernst Moritz Arndt Universitat Greifswald 1944 1945 in Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft 5 S 203 230 Fritz Heinrich 2002 Die deutsche Religionswissenschaft und der Nationalsozialismus Eine ideologiekritische und wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Untersuchung Petersberg Gunnar Jarring 1992 1994 Ohlmarks Ake Joel in Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon Bd 28 Stockholm S 111 117 Anders Marell 1998 Ake Ohlmarks schwedischer Lektor Nazimitlaufer und oder Geheimagent in Germanisten 1 3 Jg 3 S 93 100 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ake Ohlmarks amp oldid 1191858412, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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