The Tachikawa Ki-77 was a Japanese very long-range experimental transport and communications aircraft of World War II derived from a design commissioned by a newspaper to break the flight distance record set by a rival. It was a low-wing cabin monoplane with twin piston engines and a tailwheel undercarriage.
The Ki-77 was the Japanese Army Air Force designation for the A-26, a clean, slim low-wing, twin-engine monoplane intended for an endurance flight between New York and Tokyo. The A stood for the name of the sponsor, a newspaper Asahi Shimbun which was vying for records with a rival paper that had sponsored the Mitsubishi Ki-15Kamikaze flight to the United Kingdom in 1937. 26 was for the 26th century of the Japanese Imperial Dynasty - 1940 was year 2600 in the Japanese calendar.
The Ki-77's overall design was developed under the aegis of Dr. Hidemasa Kimura of the Aeronautical Research Institute of the University of Tokyo, with Tachikawa Aircraft Company being responsible for manufacturing and detail drafting work. The aircraft's layout was finalized in autumn of 1940 with its first flight originally expected in late 1941, but this was canceled with the start of war against the United States and consequent reallocation of priorities. The Ki-77 design included a number of novel features, including a high aspect ratiolaminar flowwing for reduced drag, a sealed but unpressurized cabin to reduce the need for oxygen masks at its intended operating altitude, and special low drag cowlings.[1]
Flight from Japan to Germany
In response to a flight made by an Italian Savoia-MarchettiS.M.75GA which flew to Japan in July 1942 with stops in Russia and China, the Japanese decided to forge a link with Europe, but wished to avoid Soviet-controlled airspace. The easiest route was that taken by the Italians, following the great circle route, but General Tojo opposed this because it implied a violation of Soviet airspace. Japan was not at war with the Soviets and Tojo wished to avoid either provoking them or asking their permission. Development work was restarted on the A-26/Ki-77 project, and the first of two prototypes flew on 18 November 1942. The prototype suffered from persistent oil cooling problems which required many changes before being solved, delaying further flights into July 1943; while working on these engineering issues, Tachikawa built a second aircraft.
Colonel Saigo considered the so-named "Seiko" (Success) mission absurd and suicidal, but the crew was aware of the hazards of the mission; they even had a personal dose of poison to kill themselves if forced down in enemy territory. The pilot was Juukou Nagatomo, the co-pilot was Hajime Kawasaki, Kenji Tsukagoshi and Noriyoshi Nagata were flight engineers, and Motohiko Kawashima was the radio operator. Three Army officers were also carried as passengers, two of whom were military attachés. They departed Japan on 30 June 1943 for Singapore, where the airstrip had to be lengthened by 1,000 meters to assure a safe takeoff. Finally, the aircraft took off at 7:10 on 7 July 1943 with eight tons of fuel, ample to reach Europe.
Their intended destination was the German airfield at Sarabus (now Hvardiiske, Crimea, 45°07′06″N33°58′36″E / 45.118236°N 33.976564°E / 45.118236; 33.976564.) but they were to disappear over the Indian Ocean. British fighters likely intercepted them as they were aware of the flight and its route (via air grid squares 3420, 2560 and 2510) thanks to the ULTRA analysts at Bletchley Park decoding intercepted German communications to Sarabus warning of their impending arrival.[2] Slow, unarmed, without armour protection and with a substantial amount of fuel on board, the Ki-77 would have been vulnerable to Alliedfighters, even had no mechanical problems occurred.
Endurance record flight
Japan carried out a second flight to gain an endurance record and to verify the Ki-77's capabilities. The existing record had been held by Italy's Savoia-Marchetti SM.75GA since 1939.
Even if the usefulness of record breaking flights was overshadowed in 1944 by the necessities of war, the Japanese needed a propaganda coup and the surviving Ki-77 was available. On 2 July it flew 19 circuits over a triangular route off Manchuria, landing 57 hours 9 minutes later and covering 16,435 km (10,212 mi) at an average speed of 288.2 km/h (179.1 mph), 3,499 km (2,174 mi) more than the SM.75's 12,936 km (8,038 mi) record. The Ki-77 landed with 800 liters remaining in the tanks of the 12,200 L (2,700 imp gal; 3,200 US gal) it began with, so the maximum endurance was around 18,000 km (11,000 mi). The Ki-77's endurance record was first exceeded in October 1946 by a Lockheed P2V-1 Neptune in a flight from Perth, Australia to Columbus, Ohio in the American midwest, of over 18,083.6 km (11,236.6 mi).
^Francillon, Rene J. (1970). Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War (1st ed.). London: Putnam & Company Ltd. pp. 262–264. ISBN0-370-00033-1.
Bibliography
Francillon, René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam Aeronautical, 1979. ISBN0-370-30251-6. (new edition 1987. ISBN0-85177-801-1.)
Nakazawa, Akinori and Strippoli, Roberta, '1942-43: Italiani e Giapponesi in volo per rafforzare l'Asse Roma-Tokyo', Rivista Storica magazine Coop Giornalisti Storici, Rome, n.7/94, p. 48-53
March 03, 2023
tachikawa, japanese, very, long, range, experimental, transport, communications, aircraft, world, derived, from, design, commissioned, newspaper, break, flight, distance, record, rival, wing, cabin, monoplane, with, twin, piston, engines, tailwheel, undercarri. The Tachikawa Ki 77 was a Japanese very long range experimental transport and communications aircraft of World War II derived from a design commissioned by a newspaper to break the flight distance record set by a rival It was a low wing cabin monoplane with twin piston engines and a tailwheel undercarriage Ki 77Tachikawa Ki 77 in U S markings 1945Role Long range experimental aircraftNational origin JapanManufacturer Tachikawa Aircraft CompanyFirst flight 18 November 1942Retired 1945Primary user Imperial Japanese Army Air ServiceNumber built 2 Contents 1 Development 2 Flight from Japan to Germany 3 Endurance record flight 4 Operator 5 Specifications Tachikawa Ki 77 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Notes 7 2 BibliographyDevelopment EditThe Ki 77 was the Japanese Army Air Force designation for the A 26 a clean slim low wing twin engine monoplane intended for an endurance flight between New York and Tokyo The A stood for the name of the sponsor a newspaper Asahi Shimbun which was vying for records with a rival paper that had sponsored the Mitsubishi Ki 15 Kamikaze flight to the United Kingdom in 1937 26 was for the 26th century of the Japanese Imperial Dynasty 1940 was year 2600 in the Japanese calendar The Ki 77 s overall design was developed under the aegis of Dr Hidemasa Kimura of the Aeronautical Research Institute of the University of Tokyo with Tachikawa Aircraft Company being responsible for manufacturing and detail drafting work The aircraft s layout was finalized in autumn of 1940 with its first flight originally expected in late 1941 but this was canceled with the start of war against the United States and consequent reallocation of priorities The Ki 77 design included a number of novel features including a high aspect ratio laminar flow wing for reduced drag a sealed but unpressurized cabin to reduce the need for oxygen masks at its intended operating altitude and special low drag cowlings 1 Flight from Japan to Germany EditIn response to a flight made by an Italian Savoia Marchetti S M 75GA which flew to Japan in July 1942 with stops in Russia and China the Japanese decided to forge a link with Europe but wished to avoid Soviet controlled airspace The easiest route was that taken by the Italians following the great circle route but General Tojo opposed this because it implied a violation of Soviet airspace Japan was not at war with the Soviets and Tojo wished to avoid either provoking them or asking their permission Development work was restarted on the A 26 Ki 77 project and the first of two prototypes flew on 18 November 1942 The prototype suffered from persistent oil cooling problems which required many changes before being solved delaying further flights into July 1943 while working on these engineering issues Tachikawa built a second aircraft Colonel Saigo considered the so named Seiko Success mission absurd and suicidal but the crew was aware of the hazards of the mission they even had a personal dose of poison to kill themselves if forced down in enemy territory The pilot was Juukou Nagatomo the co pilot was Hajime Kawasaki Kenji Tsukagoshi and Noriyoshi Nagata were flight engineers and Motohiko Kawashima was the radio operator Three Army officers were also carried as passengers two of whom were military attaches They departed Japan on 30 June 1943 for Singapore where the airstrip had to be lengthened by 1 000 meters to assure a safe takeoff Finally the aircraft took off at 7 10 on 7 July 1943 with eight tons of fuel ample to reach Europe Their intended destination was the German airfield at Sarabus now Hvardiiske Crimea 45 07 06 N 33 58 36 E 45 118236 N 33 976564 E 45 118236 33 976564 but they were to disappear over the Indian Ocean British fighters likely intercepted them as they were aware of the flight and its route via air grid squares 3420 2560 and 2510 thanks to the ULTRA analysts at Bletchley Park decoding intercepted German communications to Sarabus warning of their impending arrival 2 Slow unarmed without armour protection and with a substantial amount of fuel on board the Ki 77 would have been vulnerable to Allied fighters even had no mechanical problems occurred Endurance record flight EditJapan carried out a second flight to gain an endurance record and to verify the Ki 77 s capabilities The existing record had been held by Italy s Savoia Marchetti SM 75GA since 1939 Captured Ki 77 aboard USS Bogue Even if the usefulness of record breaking flights was overshadowed in 1944 by the necessities of war the Japanese needed a propaganda coup and the surviving Ki 77 was available On 2 July it flew 19 circuits over a triangular route off Manchuria landing 57 hours 9 minutes later and covering 16 435 km 10 212 mi at an average speed of 288 2 km h 179 1 mph 3 499 km 2 174 mi more than the SM 75 s 12 936 km 8 038 mi record The Ki 77 landed with 800 liters remaining in the tanks of the 12 200 L 2 700 imp gal 3 200 US gal it began with so the maximum endurance was around 18 000 km 11 000 mi The Ki 77 s endurance record was first exceeded in October 1946 by a Lockheed P2V 1 Neptune in a flight from Perth Australia to Columbus Ohio in the American midwest of over 18 083 6 km 11 236 6 mi The distance record Ki 77 aircraft was still in existence when Japan surrendered and was shipped to the United States aboard the United States Navy escort carrier USS Bogue from Yokosuka in December 1945 arriving at Alameda California on 8 January 1946 for examination before being scrapped 3 Operator Edit Japan Imperial Japanese Army Air ServiceSpecifications Tachikawa Ki 77 EditData from Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War 4 General characteristicsCrew 5 Length 15 3 m 50 ft 2 in Wingspan 29 438 m 96 ft 7 in Height 3 85 m 12 ft 8 in Wing area 79 56 m2 856 4 sq ft Empty weight 7 237 kg 15 955 lb Gross weight 16 725 kg 36 872 lb Fuel capacity 11 155 L 2 454 imp gal Powerplant 2 Nakajima Ha 115 14 cyl two row air cooled radial piston engines 870 kW 1 170 hp each for take off745 7 kW 1 000 hp at 4 300 m 14 108 ft Propellers 3 bladed metal constant speed propellersPerformance Maximum speed 440 km h 270 mph 240 kn at 4 600 m 15 092 ft Cruise speed 300 km h 190 mph 160 kn Range 18 000 km 11 000 mi 9 700 nmi Service ceiling 8 700 m 28 500 ft Time to altitude 6 000 m 19 685 ft in 24 minutes Wing loading 210 2 kg m2 43 1 lb sq ft Power mass 0 104 kW kg 0 063 hp lb See also EditMesserschmitt Me 261 AdolfineReferences Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tachikawa Ki 77 Notes Edit Francillon 1970 pp 262 263 Various 2001 Ki 77 Mission to Germany Retrieved 2011 07 04 Various 2001 Escort Carrier Photo Index Retrieved 2011 09 01 Francillon Rene J 1970 Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War 1st ed London Putnam amp Company Ltd pp 262 264 ISBN 0 370 00033 1 Bibliography Edit Francillon Rene J Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War London Putnam Aeronautical 1979 ISBN 0 370 30251 6 new edition 1987 ISBN 0 85177 801 1 Nakazawa Akinori and Strippoli Roberta 1942 43 Italiani e Giapponesi in volo per rafforzare l Asse Roma Tokyo Rivista Storica magazine Coop Giornalisti Storici Rome n 7 94 p 48 53 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tachikawa Ki 77 amp oldid 1128513884, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
