Sea smoke, frost smoke,[1] or steam fog[2] is fog which is formed when very cold air moves over warmer water. Arctic sea smoke[3] is sea smoke forming over small patches of open water in sea ice.[4]
Sea smoke on the Atlantic Ocean
Steam fog over a small lake on an early summer morning in June 2014 in Bergen, Norway.
Sea smoke over Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota. 5 January 2017
External video
Sea smoke and steam devil over the Sea of Japan on December 25, 2021, on the south of Primorsky Krai of Russia, from Yuzhno-Morskoy (near Nakhodka).
It forms when a light wind of very cold air mixes with a shallow layer of saturated warm air immediately above the warmer water. The warmer air is cooled beyond the dew point and can no longer hold as much water vapor, so the excess condenses out. The effect is similar to the "steam" produced over a hot bath or a hot drink, or even an exercising person.[2][3]
Sea smoke has a turbulent appearance and may form spiraling columns.[5] It is usually not very high and lookouts on ships can usually see over it (but small boats may have very poor visibility)[6] because the fog is confined to the layer of warm air above the sea. However, sea smoke columns 20–30 m (70–100 ft) high have been observed.[5] Because this type of fog requires very low air temperatures, it is uncommon in temperate climates, but is common in the Arctic and Antarctic.[3]
^ abcdMinistry of Defense (Navy) (1973). Admiralty Manual of Navigation, Volume II. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 188.
^Nuttall, Mark, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of the Arctic. New York: Routledge. ISBN978-1-57958-436-8. OCLC 56012002.
^ abRoll, H. U. (1965). Physics of the marine atmosphere. New York: Academic Press. ISBN978-0-08-095444-8. OCLC 316566885.
^Halsted, Hank (August 1982). "Fog". Motorboating and Sailing. pp. 41–42. OCLC 46773002.
Further reading
Sea Smoke and Steam Fog, by P. M. Saunders (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts (Manuscript received 9 July 1963: in revised form 29 January 1964), 551.551.8:551.575.1
March 05, 2023
smoke, frost, smoke, steam, which, formed, when, very, cold, moves, over, warmer, water, arctic, smoke, smoke, forming, over, small, patches, open, water, atlantic, ocean, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, . Sea smoke frost smoke 1 or steam fog 2 is fog which is formed when very cold air moves over warmer water Arctic sea smoke 3 is sea smoke forming over small patches of open water in sea ice 4 Sea smoke on the Atlantic Ocean source source source source source source source source source source source source source source Steam fog over a small lake on an early summer morning in June 2014 in Bergen Norway Sea smoke over Lake Superior Duluth Minnesota 5 January 2017 External videoSea smoke and steam devil over the Sea of Japan on December 25 2021 on the south of Primorsky Krai of Russia from Yuzhno Morskoy near Nakhodka It forms when a light wind of very cold air mixes with a shallow layer of saturated warm air immediately above the warmer water The warmer air is cooled beyond the dew point and can no longer hold as much water vapor so the excess condenses out The effect is similar to the steam produced over a hot bath or a hot drink or even an exercising person 2 3 Sea smoke has a turbulent appearance and may form spiraling columns 5 It is usually not very high and lookouts on ships can usually see over it but small boats may have very poor visibility 6 because the fog is confined to the layer of warm air above the sea However sea smoke columns 20 30 m 70 100 ft high have been observed 5 Because this type of fog requires very low air temperatures it is uncommon in temperate climates but is common in the Arctic and Antarctic 3 See also EditSteam devilReferences Edit a b Bowditch 1962 The American Practical Navigator U S Navy Hydrographic Office p 614 a b c MacDonald Edwin A Captain USN Retired 1969 Polar Operations Annapolis United States Naval Institute p 31 a b c d Ministry of Defense Navy 1973 Admiralty Manual of Navigation Volume II London Her Majesty s Stationery Office p 188 Nuttall Mark ed 2005 Encyclopedia of the Arctic New York Routledge ISBN 978 1 57958 436 8 OCLC 56012002 a b Roll H U 1965 Physics of the marine atmosphere New York Academic Press ISBN 978 0 08 095444 8 OCLC 316566885 Halsted Hank August 1982 Fog Motorboating and Sailing pp 41 42 OCLC 46773002 Further reading EditSea Smoke and Steam Fog by P M Saunders Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Massachusetts Manuscript received 9 July 1963 in revised form 29 January 1964 551 551 8 551 575 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sea smoke amp oldid 1138807231, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
