Like all members of eagle rays, they demonstrate ovoviviparity.[3] Ovulation and birth occurred in May, June and July, with a low fecundity, large size at maturity and birth and a continuous and synchronous annual reproductive cycle.[4]
According to J. Bizzarro, Wade Smith, J. Fernando Márquez-Farías, and Robert E. Hueter, these rays are not of much value within fisheries and are harmless to humans, however one of the main threats to this species is overexploitation and habitat destruction.[3][5]
The parasites that inhabit this species are most influenced by body size, diet, and feeding behavior.[6]
Referencesedit
^Pollom, R.; Avalos, C.; Bizzarro, J.; Burgos-Vázquez, M.I.; Cevallos, A.; Espinoza, M.; González, A.; Herman, K.; Mejía-Falla, P.A.; Morales-Saldaña, J.M.; Navia, A.F.; Pérez Jiménez, J.C.; Sosa-Nishizaki, O.; Velez-Zuazo, X. (2020). "Rhinoptera steindachneri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T60130A124442442. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60130A124442442.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ ab"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
^Burgos-Vázquez, María I.; Chávez-García, Valeria E.; Cruz-Escalona, Víctor H.; Navia, Andrés F.; Mejía-Falla, Paola A. (2019-01-21). "Reproductive strategy of the Pacific cownose ray Rhinoptera steindachneri in the southern Gulf of California". Marine and Freshwater Research. 70 (1): 93–106. doi:10.1071/MF18096. ISSN 1448-6059.
^Bizzarro, Joseph J.; Smith, Wade D.; Márquez-Farías, J. Fernando; Hueter, Robert E. (April 2007). "Artisanal fisheries and reproductive biology of the golden cownose ray, Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann and Jenkins, 1891, in the northern Mexican Pacific". Fisheries Research. 84 (2): 137–146. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2006.10.016. ISSN 0165-7836.
^Violante-González, Juan; Santos-Bustos, Nataly G.; Monks, Scott; Pulido-Flores, Griselda; García-Ibáñez, Sergio; Rojas-Herrera, Agustín A. (2018-05-11). "Parasite community of the golden cownose ray Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann and Jenkins 1891 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatidae), in Acapulco Bay, Guerrero, Mexico". Journal of Natural History. 52 (17–18): 1115–1131. doi:10.1080/00222933.2018.1452305. ISSN 0022-2933.
External linksedit
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golden, cownose, golden, cownose, pacific, cownose, rhinoptera, steindachneri, species, found, east, pacific, along, coast, colombia, costa, rica, ecuador, salvador, guatemala, honduras, mexico, nicaragua, panama, peru, natural, habitats, open, seas, shallow, . The golden cownose ray or Pacific cownose ray Rhinoptera steindachneri is a species of ray It is found in the East Pacific along the coast of Colombia Costa Rica Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama and Peru 2 Its natural habitats are open seas shallow seas subtidal aquatic beds estuarine waters intertidal marshes and coastal saline lagoons 2 They are often in schools and sometimes associated with the spotted eagle ray 3 Golden cownose ray Conservation status Near Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Elasmobranchii Superorder Batoidea Order Myliobatiformes Family Rhinopteridae Genus Rhinoptera Species R steindachneri Binomial name Rhinoptera steindachneriEvermann amp O P Jenkins 1891 source source source source source source source source Golden cownose rays swimming Like all members of eagle rays they demonstrate ovoviviparity 3 Ovulation and birth occurred in May June and July with a low fecundity large size at maturity and birth and a continuous and synchronous annual reproductive cycle 4 According to J Bizzarro Wade Smith J Fernando Marquez Farias and Robert E Hueter these rays are not of much value within fisheries and are harmless to humans however one of the main threats to this species is overexploitation and habitat destruction 3 5 The parasites that inhabit this species are most influenced by body size diet and feeding behavior 6 References edit Pollom R Avalos C Bizzarro J Burgos Vazquez M I Cevallos A Espinoza M Gonzalez A Herman K Mejia Falla P A Morales Saldana J M Navia A F Perez Jimenez J C Sosa Nishizaki O Velez Zuazo X 2020 Rhinoptera steindachneri IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T60130A124442442 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 3 RLTS T60130A124442442 en Retrieved 17 November 2021 a b The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Retrieved 2019 09 30 a b c Rhinoptera steindachneri summary page FishBase Retrieved 2019 09 30 Burgos Vazquez Maria I Chavez Garcia Valeria E Cruz Escalona Victor H Navia Andres F Mejia Falla Paola A 2019 01 21 Reproductive strategy of the Pacific cownose ray Rhinoptera steindachneri in the southern Gulf of California Marine and Freshwater Research 70 1 93 106 doi 10 1071 MF18096 ISSN 1448 6059 Bizzarro Joseph J Smith Wade D Marquez Farias J Fernando Hueter Robert E April 2007 Artisanal fisheries and reproductive biology of the golden cownose ray Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann and Jenkins 1891 in the northern Mexican Pacific Fisheries Research 84 2 137 146 doi 10 1016 j fishres 2006 10 016 ISSN 0165 7836 Violante Gonzalez Juan Santos Bustos Nataly G Monks Scott Pulido Flores Griselda Garcia Ibanez Sergio Rojas Herrera Agustin A 2018 05 11 Parasite community of the golden cownose ray Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann and Jenkins 1891 Chondrichthyes Myliobatidae in Acapulco Bay Guerrero Mexico Journal of Natural History 52 17 18 1115 1131 doi 10 1080 00222933 2018 1452305 ISSN 0022 2933 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rhinoptera steindachneri Photos of mass migration nbsp This Rajiformes article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Golden cownose ray amp oldid 1200111112, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
