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The Canal of Castile (Canal de Castilla in Spanish) is a canal in the north of Spain. Constructed between the last half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, it runs 207 km through the provinces of Burgos, Palencia and Valladolid, in the Autonomous Community of Castile and León. Width ranges between 11 m (36 ft) and 22 metres, depth between 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) and 3 metres.[1]
Canal of Castile as it flows east of FromistaCanal of Castile in Medina de Rioseco.
It is protected by a heritage listing, having been declared Bien de interés cultural in 1991. Parts of it are still in use, although there are now only limited possibilities for navigation: it irrigates 48 municipalities.[1]
The canal was planned by the Marques de la Ensenada during Fernando VI's reign.[1] Its purpose was to boost trade by allowing Tierra de Campos' wheat grain production to be transported from Castile to the northern harbour of Santander and to other markets from there; vice versa, the canal was also meant to facilitate the inflow of products from the Spanish colonies into Castile.[1]
The Spanish War of Independence, budgetary constraints and the difficult passage of the Cantabrian Mountains hampered and eventually reduced the initial plan of a 400 km so the canal never reached the Bay of Biscay as initially planned.[1] Overall, its construction took almost 100 years (from 1753 to 1849) and was eventually halted when railroads were built in northern Spain in the nineteenth century, superseding the project.[1]
The canal was most used during the 1850-1870 period, when up to 400 barges plied the canal towed by beasts of burden.[1] Later on, the canal evolved into the spine of a huge irrigation system due to its relative inefficiency and slowliness vs. railfreight as a means of transport. The locks on the canal were decommissioned in the twentieth century.
Similar to an inverted 'Y' in layout, the canal stretches 207 km (129 mi), linking the towns of Alar del Rey (Palencia), considered the beginning of the Northern Branch, Valladolid and Medina de Rioseco, lying at the end of the Southern Branch and Campos Branch respectively.
Ecologyedit
The countryside crossed by the canal is of interest for its birdlife. In the Tierra de Campos two large Special Protection Areas (La Nava-Campos Norte and La Nava-Campos Sur) have been designated. These are notable for birds such as great bustards (Otis tarda), residents of dryland farming areas (sometimes described as "steppes") which are typical of the region. The canal, on the other hand, provides valuable habitats for wetland birds such as the bittern (Botaurus stellaris).
a wooded stretch of the canal near Osorno la Mayor protected as Canal de Castilla (150 ha).[2]
a number of wetlands (some very small) protected as Lagunas del Canal de Castilla (71 ha). This multi-site protected area has been designated as a Special Area of Conservation and as a Special Protection Area.[3]
In 2006-10 the European Union's Life Programme funded restoration of wetlands in the province of Palencia with the aim of improving the canal's contribution to biodiversity. Birds of interest to the project include:
The improvements included facilities for bird-watching: two observatories were positioned close to two of the wetlands with the greatest ornithological interest along the Canal of Castile: the Venta de Valdemudo (Becerril de Campos) and the Valdemorco (Boadilla del Camino) lagoons. These observatories complemented one already existing (in Toja de las Ribas, Ribas de Campos) before the LIFE project.[5]
^ abcdefg"Viajes en España: Canal de Castilla: la titánica obra que quiso asomar Castilla y León al mar" (in Spanish). El Confidencial. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish September 2022 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Spanish article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 068 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at es Canal de Castilla see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated es Canal de Castilla to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Canal of Castile Canal de Castilla in Spanish is a canal in the north of Spain Constructed between the last half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century it runs 207 km through the provinces of Burgos Palencia and Valladolid in the Autonomous Community of Castile and Leon Width ranges between 11 m 36 ft and 22 metres depth between 1 8 m 5 ft 11 in and 3 metres 1 Canal of Castile as it flows east of FromistaCanal of Castile in Medina de Rioseco It is protected by a heritage listing having been declared Bien de interes cultural in 1991 Parts of it are still in use although there are now only limited possibilities for navigation it irrigates 48 municipalities 1 Contents 1 History 2 Ecology 3 Municipalities crossed over by Canal 3 1 Northern Branch 3 1 1 Palencia Province 3 1 2 Burgos Province 3 1 3 Palencia Province 3 2 Campos Branch 3 2 1 Palencia Province 3 2 2 Valladolid Province 3 3 Southern Branch 3 3 1 Palencia Province 3 3 2 Valladolid Province 4 References 5 External links 6 BibliographyHistory edit nbsp Canal of Castile nbsp Canal of Castile in Valladolid The canal was planned by the Marques de la Ensenada during Fernando VI s reign 1 Its purpose was to boost trade by allowing Tierra de Campos wheat grain production to be transported from Castile to the northern harbour of Santander and to other markets from there vice versa the canal was also meant to facilitate the inflow of products from the Spanish colonies into Castile 1 The Spanish War of Independence budgetary constraints and the difficult passage of the Cantabrian Mountains hampered and eventually reduced the initial plan of a 400 km so the canal never reached the Bay of Biscay as initially planned 1 Overall its construction took almost 100 years from 1753 to 1849 and was eventually halted when railroads were built in northern Spain in the nineteenth century superseding the project 1 The canal was most used during the 1850 1870 period when up to 400 barges plied the canal towed by beasts of burden 1 Later on the canal evolved into the spine of a huge irrigation system due to its relative inefficiency and slowliness vs railfreight as a means of transport The locks on the canal were decommissioned in the twentieth century Similar to an inverted Y in layout the canal stretches 207 km 129 mi linking the towns of Alar del Rey Palencia considered the beginning of the Northern Branch Valladolid and Medina de Rioseco lying at the end of the Southern Branch and Campos Branch respectively nbsp Ecology editThe countryside crossed by the canal is of interest for its birdlife In the Tierra de Campos two large Special Protection Areas La Nava Campos Norte and La Nava Campos Sur have been designated These are notable for birds such as great bustards Otis tarda residents of dryland farming areas sometimes described as steppes which are typical of the region The canal on the other hand provides valuable habitats for wetland birds such as the bittern Botaurus stellaris The canal lends its name to two Sites of Community Importance alongside the watercourse a wooded stretch of the canal near Osorno la Mayor protected as Canal de Castilla 150 ha 2 a number of wetlands some very small protected as Lagunas del Canal de Castilla 71 ha This multi site protected area has been designated as a Special Area of Conservation and as a Special Protection Area 3 In 2006 10 the European Union s Life Programme funded restoration of wetlands in the province of Palencia with the aim of improving the canal s contribution to biodiversity Birds of interest to the project include the aquatic warbler Acrocephalus paludicola This species Europe s most endangered songbird uses Spain as a migration route 4 the bittern The improvements included facilities for bird watching two observatories were positioned close to two of the wetlands with the greatest ornithological interest along the Canal of Castile the Venta de Valdemudo Becerril de Campos and the Valdemorco Boadilla del Camino lagoons These observatories complemented one already existing in Toja de las Ribas Ribas de Campos before the LIFE project 5 Municipalities crossed over by Canal editOrdered North to South East to West Northern Branch edit Palencia Province edit Alar del Rey San Quirce de Rio Pisuerga Herrera de Pisuerga Ventosa de Pisuerga Castrillo de Riopisuerga Olmos de Pisuerga Naveros de PisuergaBurgos Province edit San Llorente de la Vega Melgar de FernamentalPalencia Province edit Osorno la Mayor Santillana de Campos Las Cabanas de Castilla Lantadilla Requena de Campos Boadilla del Camino Fromista Pina de Campos Amusco Amayuelas de Abajo Ribas de Campos Campos Branch edit nbsp Campos Branch of Canal de Castilla Medina de Rioseco Palencia Province edit Ribas de Campos Becerril de Campos Husillos Villaumbrales Becerril de Campos Paredes de Nava Fuentes de Nava Autillo de Campos Abarca Castromocho Capillas Castil de Vela Belmonte de CamposValladolid Province edit Tamariz de Campos Villanueva de San Mancio Medina de RiosecoSouthern Branch edit Palencia Province edit Grijota Palencia Villamuriel de Cerrato DuenasValladolid Province edit Cubillas de Santa Marta Trigueros del Valle Corcos del Valle Cabezon de Pisuerga Cigales ValladolidReferences edit a b c d e f g Viajes en Espana Canal de Castilla la titanica obra que quiso asomar Castilla y Leon al mar in Spanish El Confidencial Retrieved 14 June 2016 Standard Data Form ES4140080 Natura 2000 European Environment Agency Data form for site ES0000205 BirdLife International 2010 Stable isotope analysis reveals the wintering grounds of the Aquatic Warbler Presented as part of the BirdLife State of the world s birds website Available from http www birdlife org datazone sowb casestudy 24 Checked 14 02 2013 Canal de Castilla Wetland restoration and managementExternal links editOfficial website Canal de Castilla Wetland restoration and management Canal de Castilla Special Protection Area The LIFE ProgrammeBibliography edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canal de Castilla Several authors 1986 El Canal de Castilla GREFOL S A Mostoles Madrid Copyright Castile and Leon Community Government Legal Deposit M 8 751 1986 41 44 58 N 4 38 49 W 41 7494 N 4 64694 W 41 7494 4 64694 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Canal de Castilla amp oldid 1179516946, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
