A myograph is any device used to measure the force produced by a muscle when under contraction.[1] Such a device is commonly used in myography, the study of the velocity and intensity of muscular contraction.[2]
A myograph recording from a pendulum myograph after an induced contraction. The upper line (m) represents the curve traced by the end of the myograph lever in connection with a muscle after stimulation of the muscle by a single induction-shock.
A myograph can take several forms: for tubular structures such as blood vessels these include the pressure myograph (where a segment of a blood vessel is cannulated at either or both ends) and the wire myograph (where the blood vessel segment is threaded onto a pair of pins or wires); for skeletal muscle other devices such as the acceleromyograph can be used.
In pharmacology, myography is used to record muscle contraction in organ bath preparations. The related technique of electromyography (EMG) is used to measure the electrical activity of the muscle instead of force. In addition, there is an optomyography (OMG) technique that uses active near-infra-red optical sensors.
A wire myograph is a type of laboratory apparatus that can measure the contractility of luminal tissue segments smaller than 2 mm in diameter.[3][4] It is used by pharmacologists to measure the effect of test articles on blood pressure or on airway contractility.[5]
History of the wire myographedit
Diagrams of the first ever wire myograph were revealed by Mulvany and Halpern in their 1976 paper "Contractile properties of small arterial resistance vessels in [...] rats".[6] The group based the design of this apparatus on a technique developed by Bevan and Osher to measure arterial contractility ex vivo.[7] Development of the wire myograph was significant because it allowed researchers to estimate the effect of novel drugs on blood pressure for the first time.[5][6]
Structure of the wire myographedit
The structure of the wire myograph has not changed much since its invention in 1977. Tissues are mounted in the myograph bath via two wires threaded through their lumen.[3] These wires are attached to two opposing stainless steel jaws which secure tissue in place throughout the culture period.[3] Multi-myograph units can contain up to four separate tissue baths, allowing four different tissue segments to be cultured simultaneously.
Referencesedit
^Blood, Douglas C.; Studdert, Virginia P. (Jan 15, 1999). Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Ltd. ISBN978-0-7020-2788-8.
^Urdang, Laurence (1981). -Ologies &- Isms: A Thematic Dictionary (2 ed.). Gale Research Co. ISBN978-0-8103-1055-1.
^ abcSpiers, Angela; Padmanabhan, Neal (2005), Fennell, Jérôme P.; Baker, Andrew H. (eds.), "A Guide to Wire Myography", Hypertension: Methods and Protocols, vol. 108, Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, pp. 91–104, doi:10.1385/1-59259-850-1:091, ISBN978-1-59259-850-2, PMID 16028678, retrieved 2023-04-25
^Olson, K. R. (2011-01-01), "DESIGN AND PHYSIOLOGY OF ARTERIES AND VEINS | Physiology of Capacitance Vessels", in Farrell, Anthony P. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 1111–1118, ISBN978-0-08-092323-9, retrieved 2023-04-25
^ abMulvany, M J; Halpern, W (July 1977). "Contractile properties of small arterial resistance vessels in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats". Circulation Research. 41 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1161/01.RES.41.1.19. ISSN 0009-7330. PMID 862138. S2CID 1283485.
^Bevan, J. A.; Osher, J. V. (1972). "A direct method for recording tension changes in the wall of small blood vessels in vitro". Agents and Actions. 2 (5): 257–260. doi:10.1007/BF02087051. ISSN 0065-4299. PMID 4641160. S2CID 6905198.
External linksedit
Information on microvessel studies (wire myograph)
Various types of blood vessel myographs
Blood vessel myographs
April 16, 2024
myograph, myograph, device, used, measure, force, produced, muscle, when, under, contraction, such, device, commonly, used, myography, study, velocity, intensity, muscular, contraction, myograph, recording, from, pendulum, myograph, after, induced, contraction. A myograph is any device used to measure the force produced by a muscle when under contraction 1 Such a device is commonly used in myography the study of the velocity and intensity of muscular contraction 2 A myograph recording from a pendulum myograph after an induced contraction The upper line m represents the curve traced by the end of the myograph lever in connection with a muscle after stimulation of the muscle by a single induction shock A myograph can take several forms for tubular structures such as blood vessels these include the pressure myograph where a segment of a blood vessel is cannulated at either or both ends and the wire myograph where the blood vessel segment is threaded onto a pair of pins or wires for skeletal muscle other devices such as the acceleromyograph can be used In pharmacology myography is used to record muscle contraction in organ bath preparations The related technique of electromyography EMG is used to measure the electrical activity of the muscle instead of force In addition there is an optomyography OMG technique that uses active near infra red optical sensors Contents 1 Wire Myograph 1 1 History of the wire myograph 1 2 Structure of the wire myograph 2 References 3 External linksWire Myograph editA wire myograph is a type of laboratory apparatus that can measure the contractility of luminal tissue segments smaller than 2 mm in diameter 3 4 It is used by pharmacologists to measure the effect of test articles on blood pressure or on airway contractility 5 History of the wire myograph edit Diagrams of the first ever wire myograph were revealed by Mulvany and Halpern in their 1976 paper Contractile properties of small arterial resistance vessels in rats 6 The group based the design of this apparatus on a technique developed by Bevan and Osher to measure arterial contractility ex vivo 7 Development of the wire myograph was significant because it allowed researchers to estimate the effect of novel drugs on blood pressure for the first time 5 6 Structure of the wire myograph edit The structure of the wire myograph has not changed much since its invention in 1977 Tissues are mounted in the myograph bath via two wires threaded through their lumen 3 These wires are attached to two opposing stainless steel jaws which secure tissue in place throughout the culture period 3 Multi myograph units can contain up to four separate tissue baths allowing four different tissue segments to be cultured simultaneously References edit Blood Douglas C Studdert Virginia P Jan 15 1999 Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary Saunders Ltd ISBN 978 0 7020 2788 8 Urdang Laurence 1981 Ologies amp Isms A Thematic Dictionary 2 ed Gale Research Co ISBN 978 0 8103 1055 1 a b c Spiers Angela Padmanabhan Neal 2005 Fennell Jerome P Baker Andrew H eds A Guide to Wire Myography Hypertension Methods and Protocols vol 108 Totowa NJ Humana Press pp 91 104 doi 10 1385 1 59259 850 1 091 ISBN 978 1 59259 850 2 PMID 16028678 retrieved 2023 04 25 Olson K R 2011 01 01 DESIGN AND PHYSIOLOGY OF ARTERIES AND VEINS Physiology of Capacitance Vessels in Farrell Anthony P ed Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology San Diego Academic Press pp 1111 1118 ISBN 978 0 08 092323 9 retrieved 2023 04 25 a b The ultimate guide to wire myography Protocol Included www reprocell com Retrieved 2023 04 25 a b Mulvany M J Halpern W July 1977 Contractile properties of small arterial resistance vessels in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats Circulation Research 41 1 19 26 doi 10 1161 01 RES 41 1 19 ISSN 0009 7330 PMID 862138 S2CID 1283485 Bevan J A Osher J V 1972 A direct method for recording tension changes in the wall of small blood vessels in vitro Agents and Actions 2 5 257 260 doi 10 1007 BF02087051 ISSN 0065 4299 PMID 4641160 S2CID 6905198 External links editInformation on microvessel studies wire myograph Various types of blood vessel myographs Blood vessel myographs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Myograph amp oldid 1178836975, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
