"Colonels' group" redirects here. For other uses, see Colonels' regime.
Piłsudski's colonels,[1][2] or the colonels' regime[3][4] (in Polish called simply "the colonels"[5]), dominated the government of the Second Polish Republic from 1926 to 1939.[4] In some contexts, the term refers primarily to the final period (1935–1939), which followed the death of their mentor and patron, Józef Piłsudski.[3]
Later they became important figures in Piłsudski's Sanation movement and ministers in several governments.[4] After the BBWR's1930 electoral victory (the "Brest elections"), Piłsudski left most internal matters in the hands of his "colonels", while himself concentrating on military and foreign affairs.[8]
One can divide the colonels' régime into three periods: 1926–1929, 1930–1935 and 1935–1939.[9]
During the first period, after the May 1926 coup, the colonels (and Sanation generally) consolidated their control over the government.[9]
The second period, following the 1930 "Brest elections", saw the colonels' regime under Piłsudski's guidance, with power exercised by his allies and friends such as Walery Slawek and Aleksander Prystor, both of whom had known Piłsudski since 1905 and had served in the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party before World War I.[9]
After Piłsudski's death (1935), the hardliner "colonels", led by Walery Sławek, lost influence to the Castle faction of Ignacy Mościcki and Edward Rydz-Śmigły.[5] Nevertheless, the "colonels' regime" and Sanation still dominated the Polish government from 1935 to the German invasion of Poland, in September 1939.[10] Some scholars draw a distinction between the "Piłsudski period" (1926–35) and the "colonels' period, proper" (1935–39).[3]
From 1937, the colonels' new political front would be the Camp of National Unity (OZON).[11] In that last period, the Polish government, a "dictatorship without a dictator", to bolster its popular support, paradoxically adopted some of the nationalistic anti-minority policies that had been opposed by Piłsudski and advocated by his most vocal adversaries, the National Democrats.[3][12]
^ abcdPeter D. Stachura, Poland, 1918-1945: An Interpretive and Documentary History of the Second Republic, Routledge, 2004, ISBN0-415-34357-7, Google Print, p.68
^ abcdefghiJerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki, Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, ISBN0-313-26007-9, Google Print, p. 368
^ abJerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki, Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, ISBN0-313-26007-9, Google Print, 368
^Leslie, R. F. (1983). The History of Poland Since 1863. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-27501-6., Google Print, p.170
^Chojnowski, Andrzej. . Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). PWN. Archived from the original on 2008-05-03. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
^ abc(in Polish) Jacek Piotrowski, Piłsudczycy u władzy 2007-11-09 at the Wayback Machine, "Mówią wieki" (05/2006)
^Raymond Leslie Buell, Poland - Key to Europe, READ BOOKS, 2007, ISBN1-4067-4564-2, Google Print, p.118
^Abraham J. Edelheit, Hershel Edelheit, History of the Holocaust: A Handbook and Dictionary, Westview Press, 1994, ISBN0-8133-2240-5, Google Print, p.187
^ Paul N. Hehn, A Low Dishonest Decade: The Great Powers, Eastern Europe, and the Economic Origins of World War II, 1930-1941, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN0-8264-1761-2, Google Print, p.66
Sources
Wereszycki, H. (1968). "Towards a Total Dictatorship (1931-1939)". In History of Poland, Warsaw, 1968, pp. 689–709.
December 27, 2022
piłsudski, colonels, colonels, group, redirects, here, other, uses, colonels, regime, colonels, regime, polish, called, simply, colonels, dominated, government, second, polish, republic, from, 1926, 1939, some, contexts, term, refers, primarily, final, period,. Colonels group redirects here For other uses see Colonels regime Pilsudski s colonels 1 2 or the colonels regime 3 4 in Polish called simply the colonels 5 dominated the government of the Second Polish Republic from 1926 to 1939 4 In some contexts the term refers primarily to the final period 1935 1939 which followed the death of their mentor and patron Jozef Pilsudski 3 Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 SourcesHistory EditClose allies of Jozef Pilsudski 4 most of the colonels had served as officers in the Polish Legions and Polish Military Organisation POW 6 and in the Polish Army particularly during the Polish Soviet War of 1919 1920 prior to Pilsudski s 1923 resignation as Chief of the Polish General Staff They had held key if not necessarily the highest military ranks during Pilsudski s May 1926 coup d etat 7 Later they became important figures in Pilsudski s Sanation movement and ministers in several governments 4 After the BBWR s 1930 electoral victory the Brest elections Pilsudski left most internal matters in the hands of his colonels while himself concentrating on military and foreign affairs 8 The colonels included Jozef Beck 4 Janusz Jedrzejewicz 4 Waclaw Jedrzejewicz 4 Adam Koc Leon Kozlowski Ignacy Matuszewski Boguslaw Miedzinski pl Bronislaw Pieracki Aleksander Prystor 4 Adam Skwarczynski Walery Slawek 4 and Kazimierz Switalski citation needed One can divide the colonels regime into three periods 1926 1929 1930 1935 and 1935 1939 9 During the first period after the May 1926 coup the colonels and Sanation generally consolidated their control over the government 9 The second period following the 1930 Brest elections saw the colonels regime under Pilsudski s guidance with power exercised by his allies and friends such as Walery Slawek and Aleksander Prystor both of whom had known Pilsudski since 1905 and had served in the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party before World War I 9 After Pilsudski s death 1935 the hardliner colonels led by Walery Slawek lost influence to the Castle faction of Ignacy Moscicki and Edward Rydz Smigly 5 Nevertheless the colonels regime and Sanation still dominated the Polish government from 1935 to the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 10 Some scholars draw a distinction between the Pilsudski period 1926 35 and the colonels period proper 1935 39 3 From 1937 the colonels new political front would be the Camp of National Unity OZON 11 In that last period the Polish government a dictatorship without a dictator to bolster its popular support paradoxically adopted some of the nationalistic anti minority policies that had been opposed by Pilsudski and advocated by his most vocal adversaries the National Democrats 3 12 See also EditJozef Pilsudski s cult of personality Military dictatorship PilsudskiiteReferences Edit Pilsudski Bros TIME Monday April 07 1930 Colonels Constitution TIME Monday December 25 1933 a b c d Peter D Stachura Poland 1918 1945 An Interpretive and Documentary History of the Second Republic Routledge 2004 ISBN 0 415 34357 7 Google Print p 68 a b c d e f g h i Jerzy Jan Lerski Piotr Wrobel Richard J Kozicki Historical Dictionary of Poland 966 1945 Greenwood Publishing Group 1996 ISBN 0 313 26007 9 Google Print p 368 a b Jerzy Jan Lerski Piotr Wrobel Richard J Kozicki Historical Dictionary of Poland 966 1945 Greenwood Publishing Group 1996 ISBN 0 313 26007 9 Google Print 368 Leslie R F 1983 The History of Poland Since 1863 Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 27501 6 Google Print p 170 in Polish SANACJA Encyklopedia Interia Chojnowski Andrzej Pilsudski Jozef Klemens Internetowa encyklopedia PWN in Polish PWN Archived from the original on 2008 05 03 Retrieved 2008 01 15 a b c in Polish Jacek Piotrowski Pilsudczycy u wladzy Archived 2007 11 09 at the Wayback Machine Mowia wieki 05 2006 Raymond Leslie Buell Poland Key to Europe READ BOOKS 2007 ISBN 1 4067 4564 2 Google Print p 118 Abraham J Edelheit Hershel Edelheit History of the Holocaust A Handbook and Dictionary Westview Press 1994 ISBN 0 8133 2240 5 Google Print p 187 Paul N Hehn A Low Dishonest Decade The Great Powers Eastern Europe and the Economic Origins of World War II 1930 1941 Continuum International Publishing Group 2002 ISBN 0 8264 1761 2 Google Print p 66Sources EditWereszycki H 1968 Towards a Total Dictatorship 1931 1939 In History of Poland Warsaw 1968 pp 689 709 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pilsudski 27s colonels amp oldid 1109774440, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
