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Maria "Masha" Bruskina (Belarusian: Марыя Барысаўна БрускінаMarïya Barïsawna Bruskina; Russian: Мария Борисовна БрускинаMariya Borisovna Bruskina; 1924 – 26 October 1941 in Minsk[1]) was a Belarusian Jewish nurse and a member of the MinskResistance during World War II.[2] While volunteering as a nurse, she cared for Soviet forces, and assisted them in escaping. For this, she was executed by German forces.
Masha Bruskina
Masha Bruskina with fellow resistance members before hanging. The placard reads "We are the partisans who shot German troops", Minsk, October 26, 1941
Masha Bruskina lived in Minsk with her mother, senior product manager of the Book Trade Office of the BSSR State Publishing House. She was an avid reader and learner. She was a pioneer leader and a member of the school committee of Komsomol. In December 1938, the newspaper Pioneer of Belarus published a photograph of Masha with the caption: "Masha Bruskina - the schoolgirl of 8th grade in school № 28, Minsk. She has only good and excellent marks in all subjects". In June 1941, Maria Bruskina graduated from Minsk secondary school № 28.
The execution
She volunteered as a nurse at the hospital in the Minsk Polytechnic Institute, which had been set up to care for wounded members of the Red Army. In addition to caring for the soldiers, she helped them escape by smuggling civilian clothing and false identity papers into the hospital. A patient told the Germans what Bruskina was doing, and she was arrested on October 14, 1941, by members of the German Army's 707th Infantry Division and the 2nd Schutzmannschaft Battalion,[3]Lithuanian auxiliary troops under the command of Major Antanas Impulevičius. After being arrested, Bruskina wrote a letter to her mother on October 20, 1941:[4]
I am tormented by the thought that I have caused you great worry. Don't worry. Nothing bad has happened to me. I swear to you that you will have no further unpleasantness because of me. If you can, please send me my dress, my green blouse, and white socks. I want to be dressed decently when I leave here.
Local German authorities decided on a public hanging to make an example of Bruskina, along with two other members of the resistance, 16-year-old Volodia Shcherbatsevich and World War I veteran Kiril Trus. Before being hanged, she was paraded through the streets with a placard around her neck which read, in both German and Russian: "We are partisans and have shot at German troops". Members of the resistance were made to wear similar signs whether or not they had actually shot at German troops. She and her two comrades were hanged in public on Sunday, October 26, 1941, in front of Minsk Kristall, a yeast brewery and distillery plant on Nizhne-Lyahovskaya Street (15 Oktyabrskaya Street today). The Germans let the bodies hang for three days before allowing them to be cut down and buried.[5]
A witness of the execution said:
When they put her on the stool, the girl turned her face toward the fence. The executioners wanted her to stand with her face to the crowd, but she turned away and that was that. No matter how much they pushed her and tried to turn her, she remained standing with her back to the crowd. Only then did they kick away the stool from under her. Pyotr Pavlovich Borisenko
Olga Shcherbatsevich, the mother of Volodia Shcherbatsevich, was hanged the same day as her son with two other members of the resistance in front of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.[6]
Identification and remembrance
For decades after the war, Bruskina was officially referred to only as "the unknown girl", allegedly due to antisemitism from Soviet authorities.[7] Up to 2009, Bruskina's name was not acknowledged on the memorial plaque at the execution place. However, since 2009, a new memorial plaque at the execution place has been placed. The Russian inscription now reads "Here on October 26, 1941 the Fascists executed the Soviet patriots K. I. Truss, V. I. Sherbateyvich and M. B. Bruskina". Bruskina was first recognized in the 1960s, as most of her family and friends had been killed in the Minsk Ghetto.[8] A monument for Bruskina was erected in HaKfar HaYarok in Israel, and a street was named after her in Jerusalem.
Commemorative at the entrance of Minsk yeast plant, at the place of execution K.I. Trus, V. I. Scherbachevich and M. B. Bruskina.
Monument in memory of M. Bruskina and other Jewish women, who fought against the Nazis. Kfar Ha-Yarok, Israel.
^ Stewart Binns. “ Barbarossa and The Bloodiest War in History”. Wildfire, 2001
^"The execution by hanging of Masha Bruskina and Volodya Sherbateyvich by an officer with the 707th Infantry Division. - Collections Search - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum". from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2016-08-31.
^A Historical Injustice: the case of Masha Bruskina; by Nechama Tec and Daniel Weiss, University of Connecticut in Stamford, Johns Hopkins University Holocaust and Genocide Studies; 1997 11(3):366-377; doi:10.1093/hgs/11.3.366
^Keller, Bill (Sep 16, 1987). "Did Soviets hide identity of executed teen in 1941?". The Palm Beach Post. pp. D1. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
^"Masha Bruskina". from the original on 2014-05-30. Retrieved 2014-05-30.
Cholawski, Shalom. "Minsk", in Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust vol. 3, p. 975. Captioned photograph of Masza Bruskina's hanging.
The Harvest, a musical based on the life of Masha Bruskina
Nechama Tec and Daniel Weiss: "A Historical Injustice: The Case of Masha Bruskina". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 11:3 (1997), p. 366-377.
The new 2009 memorial plaque at the execution place
The old memorial plaque at the execution place that was removed 2009.
December 26, 2022
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian November 2014 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Russian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Bruskina Mariya Borisovna see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ru Bruskina Mariya Borisovna to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Masha Bruskina news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Maria Masha Bruskina Belarusian Maryya Barysayna Bruskina Mariya Barisawna Bruskina Russian Mariya Borisovna Bruskina Mariya Borisovna Bruskina 1924 26 October 1941 in Minsk 1 was a Belarusian Jewish nurse and a member of the Minsk Resistance during World War II 2 While volunteering as a nurse she cared for Soviet forces and assisted them in escaping For this she was executed by German forces Masha Bruskina Masha Bruskina with fellow resistance members before hanging The placard reads We are the partisans who shot German troops Minsk October 26 1941 Contents 1 Biography 2 The execution 3 Identification and remembrance 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksBiography EditMasha Bruskina lived in Minsk with her mother senior product manager of the Book Trade Office of the BSSR State Publishing House She was an avid reader and learner She was a pioneer leader and a member of the school committee of Komsomol In December 1938 the newspaper Pioneer of Belarus published a photograph of Masha with the caption Masha Bruskina the schoolgirl of 8th grade in school 28 Minsk She has only good and excellent marks in all subjects In June 1941 Maria Bruskina graduated from Minsk secondary school 28 The execution EditShe volunteered as a nurse at the hospital in the Minsk Polytechnic Institute which had been set up to care for wounded members of the Red Army In addition to caring for the soldiers she helped them escape by smuggling civilian clothing and false identity papers into the hospital A patient told the Germans what Bruskina was doing and she was arrested on October 14 1941 by members of the German Army s 707th Infantry Division and the 2nd Schutzmannschaft Battalion 3 Lithuanian auxiliary troops under the command of Major Antanas Impulevicius After being arrested Bruskina wrote a letter to her mother on October 20 1941 4 I am tormented by the thought that I have caused you great worry Don t worry Nothing bad has happened to me I swear to you that you will have no further unpleasantness because of me If you can please send me my dress my green blouse and white socks I want to be dressed decently when I leave here Local German authorities decided on a public hanging to make an example of Bruskina along with two other members of the resistance 16 year old Volodia Shcherbatsevich and World War I veteran Kiril Trus Before being hanged she was paraded through the streets with a placard around her neck which read in both German and Russian We are partisans and have shot at German troops Members of the resistance were made to wear similar signs whether or not they had actually shot at German troops She and her two comrades were hanged in public on Sunday October 26 1941 in front of Minsk Kristall a yeast brewery and distillery plant on Nizhne Lyahovskaya Street 15 Oktyabrskaya Street today The Germans let the bodies hang for three days before allowing them to be cut down and buried 5 A witness of the execution said When they put her on the stool the girl turned her face toward the fence The executioners wanted her to stand with her face to the crowd but she turned away and that was that No matter how much they pushed her and tried to turn her she remained standing with her back to the crowd Only then did they kick away the stool from under her Pyotr Pavlovich Borisenko Olga Shcherbatsevich the mother of Volodia Shcherbatsevich was hanged the same day as her son with two other members of the resistance in front of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 6 Identification and remembrance EditFor decades after the war Bruskina was officially referred to only as the unknown girl allegedly due to antisemitism from Soviet authorities 7 Up to 2009 Bruskina s name was not acknowledged on the memorial plaque at the execution place However since 2009 a new memorial plaque at the execution place has been placed The Russian inscription now reads Here on October 26 1941 the Fascists executed the Soviet patriots K I Truss V I Sherbateyvich and M B Bruskina Bruskina was first recognized in the 1960s as most of her family and friends had been killed in the Minsk Ghetto 8 A monument for Bruskina was erected in HaKfar HaYarok in Israel and a street was named after her in Jerusalem Commemorative at the entrance of Minsk yeast plant at the place of execution K I Trus V I Scherbachevich and M B Bruskina Monument in memory of M Bruskina and other Jewish women who fought against the Nazis Kfar Ha Yarok Israel See also EditList of female Heroes of the Soviet UnionReferences Edit Masha Bruskina Archived from the original on 2014 05 30 Retrieved 2014 05 30 Masha and Zoya Archived from the original on 2016 09 08 Retrieved 2016 08 31 USA v KAZYS CIURINSKAS Stewart Binns Barbarossa and The Bloodiest War in History Wildfire 2001 The execution by hanging of Masha Bruskina and Volodya Sherbateyvich by an officer with the 707th Infantry Division Collections Search United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archived from the original on 2016 09 23 Retrieved 2016 08 31 A Historical Injustice the case of Masha Bruskina by Nechama Tec and Daniel Weiss University of Connecticut in Stamford Johns Hopkins University Holocaust and Genocide Studies 1997 11 3 366 377 doi 10 1093 hgs 11 3 366 Keller Bill Sep 16 1987 Did Soviets hide identity of executed teen in 1941 The Palm Beach Post pp D1 Retrieved 30 May 2015 Masha Bruskina Archived from the original on 2014 05 30 Retrieved 2014 05 30 Cholawski Shalom Minsk in Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust vol 3 p 975 Captioned photograph of Masza Bruskina s hanging External links EditThe case of Masha Bruskina on YouTube a lecture by Daniel Weiss The Harvest a musical based on the life of Masha Bruskina Eyewitness accounts of her execution Nechama Tec and Daniel Weiss A Historical Injustice The Case of Masha Bruskina Holocaust and Genocide Studies 11 3 1997 p 366 377 Online abstract The new 2009 memorial plaque at the execution place The old memorial plaque at the execution place that was removed 2009 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Masha Bruskina amp oldid 1105854518, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
