Codabar is a linear barcode symbology developed in 1972 by Pitney Bowes Corp. [1] It and its variants are also known as Codeabar, Ames Code, NW-7, Monarch, Code 2 of 7, Rationalized Codabar, ANSI/AIM BC3-1995 or USD-4. Although Codabar has not been registered for US federal trademark status, its hyphenated variant Code-a-bar is a registered trademark.[2]
Library Book Barcode
Codabar was designed to be accurately read even when printed on dot-matrix printers for multi-part forms such as FedEx airbills and blood bank forms, where variants are still in use as of 2007[update]. Although newer symbologies hold more information in a smaller space, Codabar has a large installed base in libraries. It is even possible to print Codabar codes using typewriter-like impact printers, which allows the creation of many codes with consecutive numbers without having to use computer equipment. After each printed code, the printer's stamp is mechanically turned to the next number, as for example in mechanical mile counters.
Because Codabar is self-checking, most standards do not define a check digit.[3]
Some standards that use Codabar will define a check digit, but the algorithm is not universal. For purely numerical data, such as the library barcode pictured above, the Luhn algorithm is popular.[4]
When all 16 symbols are possible, a simple modulo-16 checksum is used.[5] The values 10 through 19 are assigned to the symbols –$:/.+ABCD, respectively.
Encoding
Each character comprises 7 elements, 4 bars and 3 spaces, and is separated from adjacent characters by an additional narrow space. Each can be either narrow (binary value 0) or wide (binary value 1). The width ratio between narrow and wide can be chosen between 1:2.25 and 1:3. The minimum narrow width varies with the specification, with the smallest being 0.0065 inches (0.165 mm), allowing 11 digits per inch to be encoded.[6]
The characters are divided into three groups, based on the number of wide elements:
The basic 12 symbols (digits 0–9, dash, and $) are encoded using all possible combinations of one wide bar and one wide space.
An additional 4 symbols (:/.+) are encoded using 3 wide bars and no wide spaces.
4 start and stop symbols (designated ABCD, or in some specifications, EN*T) are encoded using one wide bar and two wide spaces.
The original Pitney-Bowes specification actually varies the narrow:wide width ratio to make all characters the same width. That is, characters with 2 wide elements use a 3:1 ratio, while characters with 3 wide elements use a 2:1 ratio, so all characters are 10 narrow elements wide (plus the inter-character space makes 11). "Rationalized codabar" uses a fixed ratio and allows the character widths to vary.
Depending on the particular specification, for example the Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility's Uniform Symbol Specification, the body of a Codabar string may only encode the numerals 0 through 9. Some variants allow the symbols dollar, dash, plus sign, colon, slash, and dot.[7]
The alphabet characters A, B, C, D (in some specifications, E, N, asterisk, and T) are used to mark the beginning and end of the barcode. They do not appear in the body of a Codabar string. The 16 possible combinations of start and stop symbol may be used to distinguish different applications. For example, the library barcode illustrated begins with A and ends with B. FedExtracking number barcodes, on the other hand, begin with B and end with D.
Codabar symbols
Spaces
Bars
0001
0010
0100
1000
001
0
lll l
1
lll l
4
lll l
5
lll l
010
2
ll ll
–
ll ll
$
ll ll
9
ll ll
100
6
l lll
7
l lll
8
l lll
3
l lll
011
C or *
ll l l
D or E
ll l l
A or T
ll l l
(reverse B/N)
110
B or N
l l ll
(reverse A/T)
(reverse D/E)
(reverse C/*)
1110
1101
1011
0111
000
.
llll
/
llll
:
llll
+
llll
Although there are 12 combinations of one wide bar (four choices) and two wide spaces (three choices), the start/stop codes are limited in two ways:
The wide spaces are required to be adjacent (so only 011 and 110 are allowed; 101 is not), and
The reversed forms of the valid codes are not valid, to identify the direction in which to read the code.
References
^Jean-Sébastien Goupil. . Barcode Generator. Archived from the original on 11 January 2007.
^"United States Patent and Trademark Office". Uspto.gov.
^. 21 September 2004. Archived from the original on 21 September 2004. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
^. 15 April 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
^. 6 December 2006. Archived from the original on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
External links
, a MediaWiki extension, visualizing Codabar/Code39/EAN-13/EAN-8/UPC-A barcodes by specifying only the numbers/symbols in the wiki-text.
Types of barcodes
Online Codabar generator.
December 26, 2022
codabar, linear, barcode, symbology, developed, 1972, pitney, bowes, corp, variants, also, known, codeabar, ames, code, monarch, code, rationalized, ansi, 1995, although, been, registered, federal, trademark, status, hyphenated, variant, code, registered, trad. Codabar is a linear barcode symbology developed in 1972 by Pitney Bowes Corp 1 It and its variants are also known as Codeabar Ames Code NW 7 Monarch Code 2 of 7 Rationalized Codabar ANSI AIM BC3 1995 or USD 4 Although Codabar has not been registered for US federal trademark status its hyphenated variant Code a bar is a registered trademark 2 Library Book Barcode Codabar was designed to be accurately read even when printed on dot matrix printers for multi part forms such as FedEx airbills and blood bank forms where variants are still in use as of 2007 update Although newer symbologies hold more information in a smaller space Codabar has a large installed base in libraries It is even possible to print Codabar codes using typewriter like impact printers which allows the creation of many codes with consecutive numbers without having to use computer equipment After each printed code the printer s stamp is mechanically turned to the next number as for example in mechanical mile counters Contents 1 Check digit 2 Encoding 3 References 4 External linksCheck digit EditBecause Codabar is self checking most standards do not define a check digit 3 Some standards that use Codabar will define a check digit but the algorithm is not universal For purely numerical data such as the library barcode pictured above the Luhn algorithm is popular 4 When all 16 symbols are possible a simple modulo 16 checksum is used 5 The values 10 through 19 are assigned to the symbols ABCD respectively Encoding EditEach character comprises 7 elements 4 bars and 3 spaces and is separated from adjacent characters by an additional narrow space Each can be either narrow binary value 0 or wide binary value 1 The width ratio between narrow and wide can be chosen between 1 2 25 and 1 3 The minimum narrow width varies with the specification with the smallest being 0 0065 inches 0 165 mm allowing 11 digits per inch to be encoded 6 The characters are divided into three groups based on the number of wide elements The basic 12 symbols digits 0 9 dash and are encoded using all possible combinations of one wide bar and one wide space An additional 4 symbols are encoded using 3 wide bars and no wide spaces 4 start and stop symbols designated ABCD or in some specifications EN T are encoded using one wide bar and two wide spaces The original Pitney Bowes specification actually varies the narrow wide width ratio to make all characters the same width That is characters with 2 wide elements use a 3 1 ratio while characters with 3 wide elements use a 2 1 ratio so all characters are 10 narrow elements wide plus the inter character space makes 11 Rationalized codabar uses a fixed ratio and allows the character widths to vary Depending on the particular specification for example the Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility s Uniform Symbol Specification the body of a Codabar string may only encode the numerals 0 through 9 Some variants allow the symbols dollar dash plus sign colon slash and dot 7 The alphabet characters A B C D in some specifications E N asterisk and T are used to mark the beginning and end of the barcode They do not appear in the body of a Codabar string The 16 possible combinations of start and stop symbol may be used to distinguish different applications For example the library barcode illustrated begins with A and ends with B FedEx tracking number barcodes on the other hand begin with B and end with D Codabar symbols Spaces Bars0001 0010 0100 1000001 0 lll l 1 lll l 4 lll l 5 lll l010 2 ll ll ll ll ll ll 9 ll ll100 6 l lll 7 l lll 8 l lll 3 l lll011 C or ll l l D or E ll l l A or T ll l l reverse B N 110 B or N l l ll reverse A T reverse D E reverse C 1110 1101 1011 0111000 llll llll llll llllAlthough there are 12 combinations of one wide bar four choices and two wide spaces three choices the start stop codes are limited in two ways The wide spaces are required to be adjacent so only 011 and 110 are allowed 101 is not and The reversed forms of the valid codes are not valid to identify the direction in which to read the code References Edit Jean Sebastien Goupil Configs for codabar Barcode Generator Archived from the original on 11 January 2007 United States Patent and Trademark Office Uspto gov 14 Barcode Technologies Morovia Barcode ActiveX 3 8 Reference Manual Morovia com Codabar Barcode Makebarcode com Codabar 21 September 2004 Archived from the original on 21 September 2004 Retrieved 27 December 2018 Altek Instruments gt BarcodeMan gt Codabar Barcode Specification 15 April 2016 Archived from the original on 15 April 2016 Retrieved 27 December 2018 AIM The global trade association for automatic identification 6 December 2006 Archived from the original on 6 December 2006 Retrieved 27 December 2018 External links EditEAN MediaWiki extension a MediaWiki extension visualizing Codabar Code39 EAN 13 EAN 8 UPC A barcodes by specifying only the numbers symbols in the wiki text Types of barcodes Online Codabar generator Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Codabar amp oldid 1068320337, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
