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Youth unemployment in the United Kingdom

April 12, 2024

Main article: Unemployment in the United Kingdom

Youth unemployment in the United Kingdom is the level of unemployment among young people, typically defined as those aged 18–25. A related concept is graduate unemployment which is the level of unemployment among university graduates. Statistics for June 2010 show that there are 926,000 young people under the age of 25 who are unemployed which equates to an unemployment rate of 19.6% among young people.[2] This is the highest youth unemployment rate in 17 years.[3] In November 2011 youth unemployment hit 1.02 million,[4] but had fallen to 767,000 by August 2014.[5] The high levels of youth unemployment in the United Kingdom have led some politicians and media commentators to talk of a "lost generation".[6][7][8][9]

March 2013 figures show that 993,000 18- to 24-year-olds are claiming Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA). Jobseeker's Allowance is an unemployment welfare benefit claimed at Job Centre Plus buildings such as Cambridge Job Centre (pictured).[1]

Statistics edit

In August 2012, The Trade Union Congress stated that the level of young people not in employment, training or study it at its highest level since October 1994.[10] Statistics from the Institute for Public Policy Research show that youth unemployment is highest among black people.[11]

A 2013 study published by New Policy Institute and Trust for London found the problem to be worse in London when compared against the national average. London's Poverty Profile shows that in 2012 one in four economically active young adults in London were unemployed, compared to 20% for the rest of England.[12]

Graduates edit

Statistics for October 2012 suggest that among university graduates in the United Kingdom, 62% have jobs six months after university and 9% are unemployed.[13]

Causes edit

There is debate as to the causes of youth unemployment. Some of the causes of youth unemployment in the United Kingdom are not specific to young people.[14] Widely cited causes of youth unemployment in the United Kingdom include these:

  • Financial Crisis: Graduate recruiters have recruited less because of the financial crisis of 2007–2010.
  • Public sector cuts: The cuts to the public sector have also affected young people.[15]
  • Lack of qualifications: A report by Centre links youth unemployment and poor results in GCSE English and Maths.[16]
  • Lack of experience: Recruiters becoming more risk averse and looking to recruit more experienced older staff.

Some alternative theories exist as well, for example Tim Worstall of the free-market Adam Smith Institute has argued that the introduction of minimum wage legislation in the United Kingdom has contributed to youth unemployment by increasing the wage bill for firms,.[17]

Effects edit

Youth unemployment increases the chance of a worker experiencing unemployment in adulthood.[18] Some have linked the London riots of 2011 with the high level of youth unemployment.[19]

Economic edit

Those under 25 years old are entitled to £56.25 a week in Job Seeker's Allowance (a lower amount than for over 25s). In economic terms youth unemployment equates to £10m a day in lost productivity[20] and the total direct cost of youth unemployment is £4.7bn a year.[21] Unemployment for over six months while a teenager also increases the chances of an individual being unemployed in adulthood.[22]

Underemployment edit

Many young people are underemployed.[23] In July 2012 The Telegraph reported that Scottish Job Centres were advising graduates to take survival jobs in areas such as cleaning and to omit their degrees because they may deter future employers.[24] The Graduate Fog website reports that one in five graduates want to work more hours than their employer can offer.[25] According to the Trade Union Congress 13% of young women and 10% of young men are underemployed, something they call "alarming" and a "critical waste of talent".[25]

Mental health edit

A 2010 report by The Prince's Trust[26] highlighted that youth unemployment can have a negative impact on the mental health of young people and that it is a risk factor in suicide and attempted suicide.[27] According to the report that was carried out by interviewing 2,170 young people aged 16 to 25[28] 48% of individuals suffered insomnia, depression and panic attacks due to being unemployed[26] and individuals were twice as likely to self-harm or suffer panic attacks if they had been unemployed for over a year.[28] In 2010 it was reported that a graduate committed suicide after a two-year search for work.[29] The impact has also been expected to extend into future employment opportunities, as many youth become extremely risk-averse to future opportunities.

Emigration edit

A survey by Student Currency Exchange found that half of young people aged 18–25 they surveyed were 'seriously considering' emigrating in order to find work.[30][31]

Response edit

The Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government have abolished the Labour Party's Future Jobs Fund and replaced it with an apprenticeship scheme.[32] The Recruitment and Employment Confederation have proposed an overhaul of school's career guidance and a drive to increase apprenticeships.[21]

Dominic Raab called for the National Minimum Wage to be scrapped for 16- to 21-year-olds in order to boost youth employment,[33] though doubts were raised as to whether or not this is an effective measure.[34]

The Labour Party have called for a tax on bankers' bonuses in order to help fund a job scheme for the young unemployed.[35]

Workfare edit

Main article: Workfare in the United Kingdom
Further information: Caitlin Reilly and Jamieson Wilson v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions

The Coalition government have also implemented workfare programmes for the long term unemployed. In 2012 a University graduate Cait Reilly took the Department of Work and Pensions to Court arguing that the scheme whereby she had to work "for free" in Poundland in order to keep her benefits was a breach of the European Court of Human Right's prohibition on slavery.[36] The Department of Work and Pensions won the case.

In London that same year, then Conservative Party Mayor of London Boris Johnson had launched a workfare scheme for those who had less than six months of national insurance contributions. 6,000 individuals aged 16–24 had to undertake 13 weeks of unpaid work in order to claim their £56-per-week Job Seekers' Allowance.[37]

Youth contract edit

A government scheme has been introduced in the United Kingdom that is aimed at tackling youth unemployment.[38] The scheme has been criticised as ineffective. Lottie Dexter of the campaign group Million Jobs has compared the scheme to "fighting a forest fire with a water pistol".[39]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Jump in the jobless: Unemployment on the rise again with 21.1% of young people now out of work". Daily Mirror. 20 March 2013.
  2. ^ "Dole queue beckons for Britain's young | David Blanchflower | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk". London: Guardian. 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  3. ^ "Expats exit grim UK". Republikein.com.na. 2010-07-08. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  4. ^ Allen, Katie (2011-11-16). "Youth unemployment hits 1 million". The Guardian. London.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2013-12-09.
  6. ^ Jane Scott Paul: Youth Unemployment and the 'Lost Generation'
  7. ^ [1][dead link]
  8. ^ Toynbee, Polly (2012-07-02). "This lost generation will cost us more than the cuts save". The Guardian. London.
  9. ^ ‘Lost generation’ fears as youth jobless rate reaches 49 per cent – News – The Southern Reporter
  10. ^ "Young people face worst prospects since 1994, says TUC | Children & Young People Now". Cypnow.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  11. ^ "Half of young black people unemployed, says report". BBC News. 2010-01-20. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  12. ^ "London's Poverty Profile - Latest Poverty & Inequality Data for London | Trust for London".
  13. ^ "Graduate jobs market 'better than feared'". BBC News. 2012-10-11.
  14. ^ Pettinger, Tejvan (2019-10-18). "Reasons for Youth Unemployment". Economicshelp.org. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  15. ^ O'grady, Sean (2010-07-07). . The Independent. London. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  16. ^ Reasons for Youth Unemployment | Economics Blog
  17. ^ Worstall, Tim (2012-06-19). . London: Blogs.telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-06-19. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  18. ^ "Youth unemployment 'a national crisis' - Channel 4 News". Channel4.com. 2010-02-17. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  19. ^ London Riots 2011: Youth Unemployment at Heart of Problem – International Business Times
  20. ^ "Don't consign a generation of young men to the scrapheap | The big issue | From the Observer | The Observer". London: Guardian. 2010-07-11. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  21. ^ a b Monaghan, Angela (2010-07-03). "UK must avoid a 'lost generation' of jobless". Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  22. ^ "David Miliband: youth unemployment problems started under Labour". Telegraph. London. 2011-11-16. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  23. ^ Cassidy, Sarah (2010-06-12). "Recent graduates employ new tactics to tackle the job market". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  24. ^ Johnson, Simon (2012-07-27). "Scottish graduates being forced to take 'survival jobs'". Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  25. ^ a b "Want more work than you can find? You're one of the new 'under-employed'". Graduate Fog. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  26. ^ a b "BBC News – Report links joblessness to poor mental health in young". Bbc.co.uk. 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  27. ^ Bannister, Guy (2010-01-05). "Young unemployed recession victims also suffer from mental health issues". The Guardian. London.
  28. ^ a b "BBC News – Prince's Trust: Young unemployed 'face mental problems'". Bbc.co.uk. 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  29. ^ Jobseeker, 21, commits suicide after two year search for work | Graduate Fog
  30. ^ "Young jobseekers look to move abroad". Totaljobs.com. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  31. ^ "Is Britain on the Brink of its Worst Brain Drain Ever?". Shelteroffshore.com. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  32. ^ "Coalition is cavalier on unemployment | Chuka Umunna | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk". London: Guardian. 2010-06-30. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  33. ^ Dominic Raab MP: Red-tape in business is socially unjust, as well as being economically uncompetitive Comment
  34. ^ "Young adults and the minimum wage: The case for lowering age eligibility" (PDF). Unison. New Policy Institute. June 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  35. ^ "Ed Balls calls for new bankers' bonus to help young unemployed on visit to University Academy Keighley (From Bradford Telegraph and Argus)". Thetelegraphandargus.co.uk. 2012-04-27. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  36. ^ Bingham, John (2012-08-06). "Judge rejects 'slave labour' claim over Poundland work experience scheme". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  37. ^ Malik, Shiv (2012-08-28). "Boris Johnson launches unpaid work scheme for young Londoners". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  38. ^ "Helping young people into work".
  39. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-02-22.

External links edit

  • Prince's Trust fear jobless youth face mental scars BBC

April 12, 2024
youth, unemployment, united, kingdom, main, article, unemployment, united, kingdom, level, unemployment, among, young, people, typically, defined, those, aged, related, concept, graduate, unemployment, which, level, unemployment, among, university, graduates, . Main article Unemployment in the United Kingdom dd Youth unemployment in the United Kingdom is the level of unemployment among young people typically defined as those aged 18 25 A related concept is graduate unemployment which is the level of unemployment among university graduates Statistics for June 2010 show that there are 926 000 young people under the age of 25 who are unemployed which equates to an unemployment rate of 19 6 among young people 2 This is the highest youth unemployment rate in 17 years 3 In November 2011 youth unemployment hit 1 02 million 4 but had fallen to 767 000 by August 2014 5 The high levels of youth unemployment in the United Kingdom have led some politicians and media commentators to talk of a lost generation 6 7 8 9 March 2013 figures show that 993 000 18 to 24 year olds are claiming Jobseeker s Allowance JSA Jobseeker s Allowance is an unemployment welfare benefit claimed at Job Centre Plus buildings such as Cambridge Job Centre pictured 1 Contents 1 Statistics 1 1 Graduates 2 Causes 3 Effects 3 1 Economic 3 2 Underemployment 3 3 Mental health 3 4 Emigration 4 Response 4 1 Workfare 4 2 Youth contract 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksStatistics editThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information April 2020 In August 2012 The Trade Union Congress stated that the level of young people not in employment training or study it at its highest level since October 1994 10 Statistics from the Institute for Public Policy Research show that youth unemployment is highest among black people 11 A 2013 study published by New Policy Institute and Trust for London found the problem to be worse in London when compared against the national average London s Poverty Profile shows that in 2012 one in four economically active young adults in London were unemployed compared to 20 for the rest of England 12 Graduates edit Statistics for October 2012 suggest that among university graduates in the United Kingdom 62 have jobs six months after university and 9 are unemployed 13 Causes editThere is debate as to the causes of youth unemployment Some of the causes of youth unemployment in the United Kingdom are not specific to young people 14 Widely cited causes of youth unemployment in the United Kingdom include these Financial Crisis Graduate recruiters have recruited less because of the financial crisis of 2007 2010 Public sector cuts The cuts to the public sector have also affected young people 15 Lack of qualifications A report by Centre links youth unemployment and poor results in GCSE English and Maths 16 Lack of experience Recruiters becoming more risk averse and looking to recruit more experienced older staff Some alternative theories exist as well for example Tim Worstall of the free market Adam Smith Institute has argued that the introduction of minimum wage legislation in the United Kingdom has contributed to youth unemployment by increasing the wage bill for firms 17 Effects editYouth unemployment increases the chance of a worker experiencing unemployment in adulthood 18 Some have linked the London riots of 2011 with the high level of youth unemployment 19 Economic edit Those under 25 years old are entitled to 56 25 a week in Job Seeker s Allowance a lower amount than for over 25s In economic terms youth unemployment equates to 10m a day in lost productivity 20 and the total direct cost of youth unemployment is 4 7bn a year 21 Unemployment for over six months while a teenager also increases the chances of an individual being unemployed in adulthood 22 Underemployment edit Many young people are underemployed 23 In July 2012 The Telegraph reported that Scottish Job Centres were advising graduates to take survival jobs in areas such as cleaning and to omit their degrees because they may deter future employers 24 The Graduate Fog website reports that one in five graduates want to work more hours than their employer can offer 25 According to the Trade Union Congress 13 of young women and 10 of young men are underemployed something they call alarming and a critical waste of talent 25 Mental health edit A 2010 report by The Prince s Trust 26 highlighted that youth unemployment can have a negative impact on the mental health of young people and that it is a risk factor in suicide and attempted suicide 27 According to the report that was carried out by interviewing 2 170 young people aged 16 to 25 28 48 of individuals suffered insomnia depression and panic attacks due to being unemployed 26 and individuals were twice as likely to self harm or suffer panic attacks if they had been unemployed for over a year 28 In 2010 it was reported that a graduate committed suicide after a two year search for work 29 The impact has also been expected to extend into future employment opportunities as many youth become extremely risk averse to future opportunities Emigration edit A survey by Student Currency Exchange found that half of young people aged 18 25 they surveyed were seriously considering emigrating in order to find work 30 31 Response editThe Conservative Liberal Democrat coalition government have abolished the Labour Party s Future Jobs Fund and replaced it with an apprenticeship scheme 32 The Recruitment and Employment Confederation have proposed an overhaul of school s career guidance and a drive to increase apprenticeships 21 Dominic Raab called for the National Minimum Wage to be scrapped for 16 to 21 year olds in order to boost youth employment 33 though doubts were raised as to whether or not this is an effective measure 34 The Labour Party have called for a tax on bankers bonuses in order to help fund a job scheme for the young unemployed 35 Workfare edit Main article Workfare in the United Kingdom Further information Caitlin Reilly and Jamieson Wilson v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions The Coalition government have also implemented workfare programmes for the long term unemployed In 2012 a University graduate Cait Reilly took the Department of Work and Pensions to Court arguing that the scheme whereby she had to work for free in Poundland in order to keep her benefits was a breach of the European Court of Human Right s prohibition on slavery 36 The Department of Work and Pensions won the case In London that same year then Conservative Party Mayor of London Boris Johnson had launched a workfare scheme for those who had less than six months of national insurance contributions 6 000 individuals aged 16 24 had to undertake 13 weeks of unpaid work in order to claim their 56 per week Job Seekers Allowance 37 Youth contract edit A government scheme has been introduced in the United Kingdom that is aimed at tackling youth unemployment 38 The scheme has been criticised as ineffective Lottie Dexter of the campaign group Million Jobs has compared the scheme to fighting a forest fire with a water pistol 39 See also editEmployment zone NEET Youth Fight for Jobs Youth unemploymentReferences edit Jump in the jobless Unemployment on the rise again with 21 1 of young people now out of work Daily Mirror 20 March 2013 Dole queue beckons for Britain s young David Blanchflower Comment is free guardian co uk London Guardian 2010 06 20 Retrieved 2010 07 13 Expats exit grim UK Republikein com na 2010 07 08 Retrieved 2010 07 13 Allen Katie 2011 11 16 Youth unemployment hits 1 million The Guardian London Youth unemployment statistics Commons Library Standard Note UK Parliament Archived from the original on 2013 12 09 Jane Scott Paul Youth Unemployment and the Lost Generation 1 dead link Toynbee Polly 2012 07 02 This lost generation will cost us more than the cuts save The Guardian London Lost generation fears as youth jobless rate reaches 49 per cent News The Southern Reporter Young people face worst prospects since 1994 says TUC Children amp Young People Now Cypnow co uk Retrieved 2012 11 07 Half of young black people unemployed says report BBC News 2010 01 20 Retrieved 2010 07 13 London s Poverty Profile Latest Poverty amp Inequality Data for London Trust for London Graduate jobs market better than feared BBC News 2012 10 11 Pettinger Tejvan 2019 10 18 Reasons for Youth Unemployment Economicshelp org Retrieved 2020 03 15 O grady Sean 2010 07 07 Young workers to be hardest hit as public sector cuts back The Independent London Archived from the original on November 8 2012 Retrieved 2010 07 13 Reasons for Youth Unemployment Economics Blog Worstall Tim 2012 06 19 Message to the TUC the minimum wage causes youth unemployment Telegraph Blogs London Blogs telegraph co uk Archived from the original on 2012 06 19 Retrieved 2012 11 07 Youth unemployment a national crisis Channel 4 News Channel4 com 2010 02 17 Retrieved 2010 07 13 London Riots 2011 Youth Unemployment at Heart of Problem International Business Times Don t consign a generation of young men to the scrapheap The big issue From the Observer The Observer London Guardian 2010 07 11 Retrieved 2010 07 13 a b Monaghan Angela 2010 07 03 UK must avoid a lost generation of jobless Telegraph London Retrieved 2010 07 13 David Miliband youth unemployment problems started under Labour Telegraph London 2011 11 16 Retrieved 2012 11 07 Cassidy Sarah 2010 06 12 Recent graduates employ new tactics to tackle the job market The Independent London Archived from the original on 2022 05 07 Retrieved 2010 07 13 Johnson Simon 2012 07 27 Scottish graduates being forced to take survival jobs Telegraph London Retrieved 2012 11 07 a b Want more work than you can find You re one of the new under employed Graduate Fog 6 September 2012 Retrieved 2012 11 07 a b BBC News Report links joblessness to poor mental health in young Bbc co uk 2010 12 29 Retrieved 2012 11 07 Bannister Guy 2010 01 05 Young unemployed recession victims also suffer from mental health issues The Guardian London a b BBC News Prince s Trust Young unemployed face mental problems Bbc co uk 2010 12 29 Retrieved 2012 11 07 Jobseeker 21 commits suicide after two year search for work Graduate Fog Young jobseekers look to move abroad Totaljobs com Retrieved 2012 11 07 Is Britain on the Brink of its Worst Brain Drain Ever Shelteroffshore com Retrieved 2012 11 07 Coalition is cavalier on unemployment Chuka Umunna Comment is free guardian co uk London Guardian 2010 06 30 Retrieved 2010 07 13 Dominic Raab MP Red tape in business is socially unjust as well as being economically uncompetitive Comment Young adults and the minimum wage The case for lowering age eligibility PDF Unison New Policy Institute June 2017 Retrieved 26 April 2020 Ed Balls calls for new bankers bonus to help young unemployed on visit to University Academy Keighley From Bradford Telegraph and Argus Thetelegraphandargus co uk 2012 04 27 Retrieved 2012 11 07 Bingham John 2012 08 06 Judge rejects slave labour claim over Poundland work experience scheme The Daily Telegraph London Malik Shiv 2012 08 28 Boris Johnson launches unpaid work scheme for young Londoners The Guardian Retrieved 2012 11 07 Helping young people into work The Independent View Government must do more on youth unemployment Archived from the original on 2014 02 22 External links editPrince s Trust fear jobless youth face mental scars BBC Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Youth unemployment in the United Kingdom amp oldid 1089785705, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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