Youliu (Chinese: 優留) was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. Although he was a descendant of his predecessor Punu, it is not known what their exact relationship was. He succeeded Punu at an uncertain date and was killed by the Xianbei in 87 AD.[1]
Upon taking power, Youliu withdrew to distant defences in the face of pressure from the Xianbei, Southern Xiongnu, and Han dynasty.[1]
In 84 AD, Youliu attempted to negotiate trade with the Administrator of Wuwei Commandery, but the Southern Xiongnu plundered and kidnapped the traders.[1]
In 85 AD, Youliu threatened to resume raids on Han territory. As appeasement, the Han ordered the Southern Xiongnu to ransom prisoners taken from the north. However this only strengthened the Southern Xiongnu as it rewarded them for attacking northern trade caravans.[1]
In 87 AD, the Xianbei attacked Youliu and flayed him and his followers, taking the skins back with them as trophies. The Northern Xiongnu court fell into chaos and two contenders for the title of chanyu appeared. Although they were never named, one of them known as the Northern Chanyu was defeated in 89 AD at the Battle of the Altai Mountains by the Han general Dou Xian, effectively ending Xiongnu power in the steppes.[1]
Barfield, Thomas (1989), The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China, Basil Blackwell
Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, reprint Moscow-Leningrad, 1950
Chang, Chun-shu (2007), The Rise of the Chinese Empire 1, The University of Michigan Press
Cosmo, Nicola Di (2002), Ancient China and Its Enemies, Cambridge University Press
Cosmo, Nicola di (2009), Military Culture in Imperial China, Harvard University Press
Crespigny, Rafe de (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms, Brill
Loewe, Michael (2000), A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han, and Xin Periods, Brill
Taskin B.S., "Materials on Sünnu history", Science, Moscow, 1968, p. 31 (In Russian)
Whiting, Marvin C. (2002), Imperial Chinese Military History, Writers Club Press
youliu, chinese, 優留, chanyu, xiongnu, empire, although, descendant, predecessor, punu, known, what, their, exact, relationship, succeeded, punu, uncertain, date, killed, xianbei, chanyudomain, influence, eastern, hunsreignc, adpredecessorpunu, chanyusuccessorn. Youliu Chinese 優留 was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire Although he was a descendant of his predecessor Punu it is not known what their exact relationship was He succeeded Punu at an uncertain date and was killed by the Xianbei in 87 AD 1 YouliuChanyuDomain and influence of the Eastern HunsReignc 87 ADPredecessorPunu ChanyuSuccessorNorthern ChanyuDynastyModu ChanyuUpon taking power Youliu withdrew to distant defences in the face of pressure from the Xianbei Southern Xiongnu and Han dynasty 1 In 84 AD Youliu attempted to negotiate trade with the Administrator of Wuwei Commandery but the Southern Xiongnu plundered and kidnapped the traders 1 In 85 AD Youliu threatened to resume raids on Han territory As appeasement the Han ordered the Southern Xiongnu to ransom prisoners taken from the north However this only strengthened the Southern Xiongnu as it rewarded them for attacking northern trade caravans 1 In 87 AD the Xianbei attacked Youliu and flayed him and his followers taking the skins back with them as trophies The Northern Xiongnu court fell into chaos and two contenders for the title of chanyu appeared Although they were never named one of them known as the Northern Chanyu was defeated in 89 AD at the Battle of the Altai Mountains by the Han general Dou Xian effectively ending Xiongnu power in the steppes 1 Footnotes edit a b c d e Crespigny 2007 p 991 References editBarfield Thomas 1989 The Perilous Frontier Nomadic Empires and China Basil Blackwell Bichurin N Ya Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times vol 1 Sankt Petersburg 1851 reprint Moscow Leningrad 1950 Chang Chun shu 2007 The Rise of the Chinese Empire 1 The University of Michigan Press Cosmo Nicola Di 2002 Ancient China and Its Enemies Cambridge University Press Cosmo Nicola di 2009 Military Culture in Imperial China Harvard University Press Crespigny Rafe de 2007 A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms Brill Loewe Michael 2000 A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin Former Han and Xin Periods Brill Taskin B S Materials on Sunnu history Science Moscow 1968 p 31 In Russian Whiting Marvin C 2002 Imperial Chinese Military History Writers Club PressPreceded byPunu Chanyu Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire 87 AD Succeeded byNorthern Chanyu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Youliu amp oldid 1172499620, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,