fbpx
Wikipedia

Yoichiro Nambu

November 30, 2023

Yoichiro Nambu (南部 陽一郎, Nanbu Yōichirō, 18 January 1921 – 5 July 2015) was a Japanese-American physicist and professor at the University of Chicago.[1]

Yoichiro Nambu
南部 陽一郎
Nambu in 2005
Born(1921-01-18)18 January 1921
Tokyo, Japan
Died5 July 2015(2015-07-05) (aged 94)
Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
CitizenshipUnited States (from 1970)
Alma materTokyo Imperial University
Known forSpontaneous symmetry breaking
String theory
Nambu–Goto action
Nambu-Goldstone boson
Nambu mechanics
Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
SpouseChieko Hida
Children1 Son (John)
AwardsHeineman Prize (1970)
J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize (1976)
Order of Culture of Japan (1978)
US National Medal of Science (1982)
Max Planck Medal (1985)
Dirac Medal (1986)
J.J. Sakurai Prize (1994)
Wolf Prize in Physics (1994/1995)
Franklin Medal (2005)
Pomeranchuk Prize (2007)
Nobel Prize in Physics (2008)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsUniversity of Tokyo (1942–49)
Osaka City University (1949–52)
Institute for Advanced Study (1952–54)
University of Chicago (1954– 2015)

Known for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics, related at first to the strong interaction's chiral symmetry and later to the electroweak interaction and Higgs mechanism.[2]

The other half was split equally between Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."[2]

Early life and education edit

Nambu was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1921. After graduating from the then Fukui Secondary High School in Fukui City, he enrolled in the Imperial University of Tokyo and studied physics. He received his Bachelor of Science in 1942 and Doctorate of Science in 1952.[2] In 1949 he was appointed to associate professor at Osaka City University[3] and promoted to professorship the next year at the age of 29.[2]

In 1952, he was invited by the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, United States, to study. He moved to the University of Chicago in 1954 and was promoted to professor in 1958.[4] From 1974 to 1977 he was also Chairman of the Department of Physics.[5] He became a United States citizen in 1970.[6]

Career in physics edit

 
Nambu (white shirt) and associates in 1996

Nambu proposed the "color charge" of quantum chromodynamics,[7] having done early work on spontaneous symmetry breaking in particle physics,[8] and having discovered that the dual resonance model could be explained as a quantum mechanical theory of strings.[9][10] He was accounted as one of the founders of string theory.[11]

After more than fifty years as a professor, he was Henry Pratt Judson Distinguished Service Professor emeritus at the University of Chicago's Department of Physics and Enrico Fermi Institute.[12][13]

The Nambu–Goto action in string theory is named after Nambu and Tetsuo Goto. Also, massless bosons arising in field theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking are sometimes referred to as Nambu–Goldstone bosons.[14][15]

Death edit

Nambu died on 5 July 2015 at the age of 94 in Osaka due to a heart attack.[16][17] His funeral and memorial services were held among close relatives.[16]

Recognition edit

Nambu won numerous honors and awards including the Dannie Heineman Prize (1970), the J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize (1977),[18][19] Japan's Order of Culture (1978), the U.S.'s National Medal of Science (1982), the Max Planck Medal (1985), the Dirac Prize (1986), the Sakurai Prize (1994), the Wolf Prize in Physics (1994/1995), and the Franklin Institute's Benjamin Franklin Medal (2005).[3][20] He was awarded one-half of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics".[2][21][22]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "2008年ノーベル物理学賞受賞の南部陽一郎 大阪大学特別栄誉教授がご逝去されました". Osaka University. 17 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e Nambu, Yoichiro (2008). Karl Grandin (ed.). . Stockholm: The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  3. ^ a b Hatsuda, Tetsuo. "Notable Alumni: Yoichiro Nambu". University of Tokyo. from the original on 19 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  4. ^ Chicago Tribune (October 8, 2008) "University of Chicago physicist Yoichiro Nambu wins Nobel Prize"
  5. ^ Grimes, William (17 July 2015), "Yoichiro Nambu, Nobel-Winning Physicist, Dies at 94", The New York Times
  6. ^ Matt Moore; Karl Ritter; Mari Yamaguchi & Herbert G. McCann (7 October 2008). "Chicago Professor Shares Nobel Prize In Physics". NPR. Associated Press.
  7. ^ Serway, Raymond; Moses, Clement; Moyer, Curt (2004). "Elementary Particles". Modern Physics (3rd ed.). Thomson Learning. p. 577. ISBN 1111794375. Retrieved 19 July 2015 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ Xing, Zhizhong; Shun Zhou (2011). "Neutrinos within the Standard Model". Neutrinos in Particle Physics, Astronomy and Cosmology. Zhejiang University Press. p. 23. ISBN 9783642175602. Retrieved 19 July 2015 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ Nambu, Y. (1970). "Quark model and the factorization of the Veneziano amplitude." In R. Chand (ed.), Symmetries and quark models (pp. 269–277). Singapore: World Scientific.
  10. ^ Pesic, Peter (2014). "Unheard Harmonies". Music and the Making of Modern Science. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press. ISBN 9780262027274. Retrieved 19 July 2015 – via Google Books.
  11. ^ Jones, Andrew Zimmerman; Robbins, Daniel (2010). "Ten Notable String Theorists". String Theory for Dummies. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Publishing. p. 347. ISBN 9780470595848. Retrieved 19 July 2015 – via Google Books.
  12. ^ . The University of Chicago. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  13. ^ Narins, Brigham (2001). Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present: N-S. Gale Group. p. 1613. ISBN 9780787617554.
  14. ^ Nambu, Y.; Jona-Lasinio, G. (1 April 1961). "Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. I". Physical Review. American Physical Society (APS). 122 (1): 345–358. Bibcode:1961PhRv..122..345N. doi:10.1103/physrev.122.345. ISSN 0031-899X.
  15. ^ Nambu, Y.; Jona-Lasinio, G. (1 October 1961). "Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. II". Physical Review. American Physical Society (APS). 124 (1): 246–254. Bibcode:1961PhRv..124..246N. doi:10.1103/physrev.124.246. ISSN 0031-899X.
  16. ^ a b "南部陽一郎 大阪大学特別栄誉教授のご逝去について". 大阪大学. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  17. ^ . La Prensa de San Antonio. EFE. 17 July 2015. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  18. ^ Walter, Claire (1982). Winners, the blue ribbon encyclopedia of awards. Facts on File Inc. p. 438. ISBN 9780871963864.
  19. ^ "J. Robert Oppenheimer Prize awarded to Yoichiro Nambu". Physics Today. American Institute of Physics. 29 (3): 76–78. March 1976. doi:10.1063/1.3023388.
  20. ^ "Yoichiro Nambu". Franklin Institute. April 2005. from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  21. ^ Jonathan Amos (7 October 2008). "Cosmic imperfections celebrated". BBC.
  22. ^ Pollard, Niklas (7 October 2008). "Two Japanese, American win 2008 physics Nobel". Reuters.

External links edit

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Yoichiro Nambu.
  • Oral history interview with Yoichiro Nambu on 16 July 2004, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
  • Yoichiro Nambu, Department of Physics faculty profile, University of Chicago
  • Profile, Scientific American Magazine
  • Yoichiro Nambu, Sc.D. Biographical Information
  • Nambu's most-cited scientific papers
  • Yoichiro Nambu's earliest book for the scientific layman 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  • Yoichiro Nambu's previously unpublished material, including an original article on spontaneously broken symmetry
  • "A History of Nobel Physicists from Wartime Japan" Article published in the December 1998 issue of Scientific American, co-authored by Laurie Brown and Yoichiro Nambu
  • Tribute upon Prof. Nambu passing by former student Dr. Madhusree Mukerjee
  • Guide to the Yoichiro Nambu Papers 1917-2009 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
  • Yoichiro Nambu on Nobelprize.org  

November 30, 2023
yoichiro, nambu, 南部, 陽一郎, nanbu, yōichirō, january, 1921, july, 2015, japanese, american, physicist, professor, university, chicago, 南部, 陽一郎nambu, 2005born, 1921, january, 1921tokyo, japandied5, july, 2015, 2015, aged, toyonaka, osaka, japancitizenshipunited, . Yoichiro Nambu 南部 陽一郎 Nanbu Yōichirō 18 January 1921 5 July 2015 was a Japanese American physicist and professor at the University of Chicago 1 Yoichiro Nambu南部 陽一郎Nambu in 2005Born 1921 01 18 18 January 1921Tokyo JapanDied5 July 2015 2015 07 05 aged 94 Toyonaka Osaka JapanCitizenshipUnited States from 1970 Alma materTokyo Imperial UniversityKnown forSpontaneous symmetry breakingString theoryNambu Goto actionNambu Goldstone bosonNambu mechanicsNambu Jona Lasinio modelSpouseChieko HidaChildren1 Son John AwardsHeineman Prize 1970 J Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize 1976 Order of Culture of Japan 1978 US National Medal of Science 1982 Max Planck Medal 1985 Dirac Medal 1986 J J Sakurai Prize 1994 Wolf Prize in Physics 1994 1995 Franklin Medal 2005 Pomeranchuk Prize 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 Scientific careerFieldsPhysicsInstitutionsUniversity of Tokyo 1942 49 Osaka City University 1949 52 Institute for Advanced Study 1952 54 University of Chicago 1954 2015 Known for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics he was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics related at first to the strong interaction s chiral symmetry and later to the electroweak interaction and Higgs mechanism 2 The other half was split equally between Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature 2 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career in physics 3 Death 4 Recognition 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksEarly life and education editNambu was born in Tokyo Japan in 1921 After graduating from the then Fukui Secondary High School in Fukui City he enrolled in the Imperial University of Tokyo and studied physics He received his Bachelor of Science in 1942 and Doctorate of Science in 1952 2 In 1949 he was appointed to associate professor at Osaka City University 3 and promoted to professorship the next year at the age of 29 2 In 1952 he was invited by the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton New Jersey United States to study He moved to the University of Chicago in 1954 and was promoted to professor in 1958 4 From 1974 to 1977 he was also Chairman of the Department of Physics 5 He became a United States citizen in 1970 6 Career in physics edit nbsp Nambu white shirt and associates in 1996Nambu proposed the color charge of quantum chromodynamics 7 having done early work on spontaneous symmetry breaking in particle physics 8 and having discovered that the dual resonance model could be explained as a quantum mechanical theory of strings 9 10 He was accounted as one of the founders of string theory 11 After more than fifty years as a professor he was Henry Pratt Judson Distinguished Service Professor emeritus at the University of Chicago s Department of Physics and Enrico Fermi Institute 12 13 The Nambu Goto action in string theory is named after Nambu and Tetsuo Goto Also massless bosons arising in field theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking are sometimes referred to as Nambu Goldstone bosons 14 15 Death editNambu died on 5 July 2015 at the age of 94 in Osaka due to a heart attack 16 17 His funeral and memorial services were held among close relatives 16 Recognition editNambu won numerous honors and awards including the Dannie Heineman Prize 1970 the J Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize 1977 18 19 Japan s Order of Culture 1978 the U S s National Medal of Science 1982 the Max Planck Medal 1985 the Dirac Prize 1986 the Sakurai Prize 1994 the Wolf Prize in Physics 1994 1995 and the Franklin Institute s Benjamin Franklin Medal 2005 3 20 He was awarded one half of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics 2 21 22 See also editList of Japanese Nobel laureates List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Tokyo Nambu Yoichiro 1985 Quarks World Scientific SingaporeReferences edit 2008年ノーベル物理学賞受賞の南部陽一郎 大阪大学特別栄誉教授がご逝去されました Osaka University 17 July 2015 Retrieved 17 July 2015 a b c d e Nambu Yoichiro 2008 Karl Grandin ed Les Prix Nobel The Nobel Prizes 2008 Stockholm The Nobel Foundation Archived from the original on 11 October 2014 Retrieved 19 July 2015 a b Hatsuda Tetsuo Notable Alumni Yoichiro Nambu University of Tokyo Archived from the original on 19 July 2015 Retrieved 19 July 2015 Chicago Tribune October 8 2008 University of Chicago physicist Yoichiro Nambu wins Nobel Prize Grimes William 17 July 2015 Yoichiro Nambu Nobel Winning Physicist Dies at 94 The New York Times Matt Moore Karl Ritter Mari Yamaguchi amp Herbert G McCann 7 October 2008 Chicago Professor Shares Nobel Prize In Physics NPR Associated Press Serway Raymond Moses Clement Moyer Curt 2004 Elementary Particles Modern Physics 3rd ed Thomson Learning p 577 ISBN 1111794375 Retrieved 19 July 2015 via Google Books Xing Zhizhong Shun Zhou 2011 Neutrinos within the Standard Model Neutrinos in Particle Physics Astronomy and Cosmology Zhejiang University Press p 23 ISBN 9783642175602 Retrieved 19 July 2015 via Google Books Nambu Y 1970 Quark model and the factorization of the Veneziano amplitude In R Chand ed Symmetries and quark models pp 269 277 Singapore World Scientific Pesic Peter 2014 Unheard Harmonies Music and the Making of Modern Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press ISBN 9780262027274 Retrieved 19 July 2015 via Google Books Jones Andrew Zimmerman Robbins Daniel 2010 Ten Notable String Theorists String Theory for Dummies Hoboken New Jersey Wiley Publishing p 347 ISBN 9780470595848 Retrieved 19 July 2015 via Google Books Yoichiro Nambu The University of Chicago Archived from the original on 6 September 2014 Retrieved 19 July 2015 Narins Brigham 2001 Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present N S Gale Group p 1613 ISBN 9780787617554 Nambu Y Jona Lasinio G 1 April 1961 Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity I Physical Review American Physical Society APS 122 1 345 358 Bibcode 1961PhRv 122 345N doi 10 1103 physrev 122 345 ISSN 0031 899X Nambu Y Jona Lasinio G 1 October 1961 Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity II Physical Review American Physical Society APS 124 1 246 254 Bibcode 1961PhRv 124 246N doi 10 1103 physrev 124 246 ISSN 0031 899X a b 南部陽一郎 大阪大学特別栄誉教授のご逝去について 大阪大学 Retrieved 17 July 2015 Nobel laureate in physics Yoichiro Nambu dies at 94 La Prensa de San Antonio EFE 17 July 2015 Archived from the original on 21 July 2015 Retrieved 18 July 2015 Walter Claire 1982 Winners the blue ribbon encyclopedia of awards Facts on File Inc p 438 ISBN 9780871963864 J Robert Oppenheimer Prize awarded to Yoichiro Nambu Physics Today American Institute of Physics 29 3 76 78 March 1976 doi 10 1063 1 3023388 Yoichiro Nambu Franklin Institute April 2005 Archived from the original on 14 May 2015 Retrieved 19 July 2015 Jonathan Amos 7 October 2008 Cosmic imperfections celebrated BBC Pollard Niklas 7 October 2008 Two Japanese American win 2008 physics Nobel Reuters External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Yoichiro Nambu Oral history interview with Yoichiro Nambu on 16 July 2004 American Institute of Physics Niels Bohr Library amp Archives Yoichiro Nambu Department of Physics faculty profile University of Chicago Profile Scientific American Magazine Yoichiro Nambu Sc D Biographical Information Nambu s most cited scientific papers Yoichiro Nambu s earliest book for the scientific layman Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Yoichiro Nambu s previously unpublished material including an original article on spontaneously broken symmetry A History of Nobel Physicists from Wartime Japan Article published in the December 1998 issue of Scientific American co authored by Laurie Brown and Yoichiro Nambu Tribute upon Prof Nambu passing by former student Dr Madhusree Mukerjee Guide to the Yoichiro Nambu Papers 1917 2009 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center Yoichiro Nambu on Nobelprize org nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yoichiro Nambu amp oldid 1183430551, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.