The yellow-pine chipmunk (Neotamias amoenus) is a species of order Rodentia in the family Sciuridae. It is found in western North America: parts of Canada and the United States.[2]
Their body color is dark and reddish, mixed with cinnamon, with five longitudinal dark (black or mixed black) stripes that are separated by four lighter stripes. The outer pair of pale stripes is creamy white and narrower, and the more median pair is a gray or smoke gray. The sides of the head each have three dark stripes, with two lighter in between, and the crown is black or smoke gray.[2]
Males and females have similar brain size and roughly the same tail length, ear length from notch, and length of lower tooth row, but females are larger in other body measurements; average body mass varies, with large males weighing an average of 49.7 g and large females averaging 53.5 g.[2] Though male-biased size sexual dimorphism is common among mammals, N. amoenus exhibits female-biased dimorphism.[3]
In some areas, where range overlap with the least chipmunk or red-tailed chipmunk occurs, it may be difficult or impossible to distinguish the species in the field; laboratory examination of skeletal structures may be required[4][5]
Feedingedit
Yellow-pine chipmunks are seed-storing hibernators whose fitness in winter and spring seasons is influenced by the availability of resources and their foraging behaviors in the summer and autumn.[6] Since they do not build body fat before hibernation, their larder, or winter food supply they have built, serves as a measure for their likelihood of survival through the winter, and of their reproductive success come spring.[6] During the warm, active season, the chipmunks gather accessible seeds and scatter-hoard the seeds in various caches, only to retrieve them later for their larder.[6]N. amoenus avoids cache overlap with its loads, and mean nearest-neighbor distance ranges from 1.4–4.9 m; these distances between caches increases the farther N. amoenus gets from its food source.[7]
Reproductionedit
Both sexes have genital bones; males possess a baculum and females a baubellum.[2] After hibernation, one annual breeding event takes place in late April/early May; male testes sizes are enlarged at this time (bolstered by the warmer temperatures); similarly, enlargement of female ovaries and uteri is also seen.[2] The females are in estrus for one day, and 3 to 5 days prior they make vocalizations, making males aware of their readiness to reproduce and eliciting intrasexual selection among males.[3] The female mates with one or more of the males that has come to her den.[3] The average litter number is around four or five and birth occurs late May/early June; in a litter of six, young are smaller, suggesting physical constraints on the mother; the lactation period lasts about 2 months, and by beginning of September, the young are of comparable size to others in the population.[2] Female reproductive success has been observed to be significantly related to body size, whereas male reproductive success is independent of size.[3]
^ abcdefgSutton, Dallas (5 June 1992). "Tamias amoenus". Mammalian Species (390): 1–8. doi:10.2307/3504206. JSTOR 3504206. S2CID 253932056.
^ abcdSchulte-Hostedde, Albrecht; Millar, John (December 2002). "Female-Biased Sexual Size Dimorphism in the Yellow-Pine Chipmunk (Tamias Amoenus): Sex-Specific Patterns of Annual Reproductive Success and Survival". Evolution. 56 (12): 2519–29. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[2519:fbssdi]2.0.co;2. PMID 12583591. S2CID 198155975.
^Nagorsen, David (2005). Rodents and Lagomorphs of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum. p. 182. ISBN0-7726-5232-5.
^Naughton, Donna (2012). The Natural History of Canadian Mammals. Canadian Museum of Nature and University of Toronto Press. pp. 66–67. ISBN978-1-4426-4483-0.
^ abcKuhn, Kellie; Vander Wall, Stephen (August 2008). "Linking summer foraging to winter survival in yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus)". Oecologia. 157 (2): 349–360. Bibcode:2008Oecol.157..349K. doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1072-4. PMID 18560900. S2CID 23790830.
^Wall, Stephen B. Vander (April 1995). "Sequential Patterns of Scatter Hoarding by Yellow Pine Chipmunks (Tamias amoenus)". American Midland Naturalist. 133 (2): 312–321. doi:10.2307/2426396. JSTOR 2426396.
December 21, 2023
yellow, pine, chipmunk, yellow, pine, chipmunk, neotamias, amoenus, species, order, rodentia, family, sciuridae, found, western, north, america, parts, canada, united, states, conservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryot. The yellow pine chipmunk Neotamias amoenus is a species of order Rodentia in the family Sciuridae It is found in western North America parts of Canada and the United States 2 Yellow pine chipmunkConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder RodentiaFamily SciuridaeGenus NeotamiasSpecies N amoenusBinomial nameNeotamias amoenus J A Allen 1890 SynonymsTamias amoenus J A Allen 1890These chipmunks are normally found in brush covered areas and in California they inhabit an elevation range of around 975 to 2 900 meters 2 Contents 1 Description 2 Feeding 3 Reproduction 4 ReferencesDescription editTheir body color is dark and reddish mixed with cinnamon with five longitudinal dark black or mixed black stripes that are separated by four lighter stripes The outer pair of pale stripes is creamy white and narrower and the more median pair is a gray or smoke gray The sides of the head each have three dark stripes with two lighter in between and the crown is black or smoke gray 2 Males and females have similar brain size and roughly the same tail length ear length from notch and length of lower tooth row but females are larger in other body measurements average body mass varies with large males weighing an average of 49 7 g and large females averaging 53 5 g 2 Though male biased size sexual dimorphism is common among mammals N amoenus exhibits female biased dimorphism 3 In some areas where range overlap with the least chipmunk or red tailed chipmunk occurs it may be difficult or impossible to distinguish the species in the field laboratory examination of skeletal structures may be required 4 5 Feeding editYellow pine chipmunks are seed storing hibernators whose fitness in winter and spring seasons is influenced by the availability of resources and their foraging behaviors in the summer and autumn 6 Since they do not build body fat before hibernation their larder or winter food supply they have built serves as a measure for their likelihood of survival through the winter and of their reproductive success come spring 6 During the warm active season the chipmunks gather accessible seeds and scatter hoard the seeds in various caches only to retrieve them later for their larder 6 N amoenus avoids cache overlap with its loads and mean nearest neighbor distance ranges from 1 4 4 9 m these distances between caches increases the farther N amoenus gets from its food source 7 Reproduction editBoth sexes have genital bones males possess a baculum and females a baubellum 2 After hibernation one annual breeding event takes place in late April early May male testes sizes are enlarged at this time bolstered by the warmer temperatures similarly enlargement of female ovaries and uteri is also seen 2 The females are in estrus for one day and 3 to 5 days prior they make vocalizations making males aware of their readiness to reproduce and eliciting intrasexual selection among males 3 The female mates with one or more of the males that has come to her den 3 The average litter number is around four or five and birth occurs late May early June in a litter of six young are smaller suggesting physical constraints on the mother the lactation period lasts about 2 months and by beginning of September the young are of comparable size to others in the population 2 Female reproductive success has been observed to be significantly related to body size whereas male reproductive success is independent of size 3 References edit Linzey A V amp Hammerson G 2008 Neotamias amoenus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008 Retrieved 30 November 2015 old form url a b c d e f g Sutton Dallas 5 June 1992 Tamias amoenus Mammalian Species 390 1 8 doi 10 2307 3504206 JSTOR 3504206 S2CID 253932056 a b c d Schulte Hostedde Albrecht Millar John December 2002 Female Biased Sexual Size Dimorphism in the Yellow Pine Chipmunk Tamias Amoenus Sex Specific Patterns of Annual Reproductive Success and Survival Evolution 56 12 2519 29 doi 10 1554 0014 3820 2002 056 2519 fbssdi 2 0 co 2 PMID 12583591 S2CID 198155975 Nagorsen David 2005 Rodents and Lagomorphs of British Columbia Royal BC Museum p 182 ISBN 0 7726 5232 5 Naughton Donna 2012 The Natural History of Canadian Mammals Canadian Museum of Nature and University of Toronto Press pp 66 67 ISBN 978 1 4426 4483 0 a b c Kuhn Kellie Vander Wall Stephen August 2008 Linking summer foraging to winter survival in yellow pine chipmunks Tamias amoenus Oecologia 157 2 349 360 Bibcode 2008Oecol 157 349K doi 10 1007 s00442 008 1072 4 PMID 18560900 S2CID 23790830 Wall Stephen B Vander April 1995 Sequential Patterns of Scatter Hoarding by Yellow Pine Chipmunks Tamias amoenus American Midland Naturalist 133 2 312 321 doi 10 2307 2426396 JSTOR 2426396 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yellow pine chipmunk amp oldid 1188983489, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
