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Yarm Viaduct

January 01, 1970

Yarm Viaduct is a railway viaduct carrying the railways above the town of Yarm in North Yorkshire, England. It crosses the River Tees which forms the boundary between North Yorkshire and County Durham. The railway runs between Northallerton and Eaglescliffe, and was opened in 1852 as part of the extension of the Leeds Northern Railway to Stockton-on-Tees. The line and viaduct are currently owned and maintained by Network Rail and carries passenger traffic for TransPennine Express and Grand Central train operating companies. It also sees a variety of freight traffic.

Yarm Viaduct
Yarm Viaduct; the second arch on the left after the river has been strengthened with extra bricks
Coordinates54°30′41″N 1°21′25″W / 54.511411°N 1.356910°W / 54.511411; -1.356910
OS grid referenceNZ417131
CarriesRailway traffic
CrossesRiver Tees
LocaleYarm, North Yorkshire/County Durham
OwnerNetwork Rail
Maintained byNetwork Rail
Characteristics
Total length2,280 feet (690 m)
Height65 feet (20 m) (above river)
Longest span67 feet (20 m)
No. of spans43
Piers in water1
Rail characteristics
No. of tracks2
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
History
DesignerThomas Grainger
John Bourne
Constructed byTrowsdale, Jackson & Garbutt
Construction start1849
Construction cost£44,500 (1852)
Opened15 May 1852
Statistics
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameYARM VIADUCT
Designated23 June 1966 (1966-06-23)
Reference no.1139259[1]
Location

The viaduct consists of 43 arches; 41 of which are made of red brick, with the two arches straddling the water constructed of stone. The viaduct, which is cited for its appearance and height above the town, was grade II listed in 1966.[2]

History edit

The section of line through Yarm to Eaglescliffe (original Preston) Junction[3][4][5] was formally started in July 1847,[6] but work on the viaduct did not commence until 1849.[7]

The structure opened up to traffic on 15 May 1852[8] and it was the last work completed by Grainger as he died two months later in a railway accident in Stockton-on-Tees.[9] The viaduct is noted for its height above the town of Yarm and is variously described as being "towering", "very beautiful" and "great".[10][11] One local writer described the viaduct as being "acknowledged as the finest in the kingdom".[12] Due to its height and length, when viewing the town from afar (especially from the west) the viaduct is a dominating structure across the town.[13]

The line that the viaduct is on (Northallerton to Eaglescliffe line) carries passenger services for Grand Central (Sunderland to London King's Cross)[14] and TransPennine Express (Middlesbrough to Manchester Airport) as well as a variety of freight traffic to and from the north east.[15]

The structure was strengthened in two of its spans with extra bricks on the inside of the arches and stabilisation works undertaken in 2001 due to subsidence, lessened the vibrations felt by property owners below the viaduct either significantly or completely.[16][17]

Structure edit

The viaduct extends for over 2,280 feet (690 m) in a north/south direction over the town of Yarm and across the River Tees.[18] It consists of 43 arches; 41 of them are 40 feet (12 m) span and are constructed of 7.5 million red bricks. The other two arches are constructed from stone and are 67 feet (20 m) across[note 1] with one pier standing in the river. The two spans across the river are composed of 139,000 cubic feet (3,900 m3) of stone[19] and are skewed across the river by 20 degrees.[20][21] On the downstream side of the viaduct (eastern side) is a large plaque set into the stone section of where the bridge spans the river. This commemorates the engineers and contractors on the project.[22][23]

Workers on the structure (navvies) were paid £1 per day with the total cost of the bridge being £44,500 by its completion in 1852 (£5.6 million equivalent in 2016).[11] A system of pulleys worked by teams of horses allowed the raw materials to be brought onto the site.[24]

Incidents edit

  • In 1855, when Yarm railway station was at the northern end of the viaduct,[note 2][25] a train travelling south overshot the station in the darkness and bad weather. A passenger alighted from a carriage and fell 74 feet (23 m) to his death.[26][27]
  • In 1997, a train of ballast became partially derailed in Eaglescliffe as it was heading south. When it travelled over the viaduct, loose ballast from the derailed wagon was thrown 100 feet (30 m) onto the properties below the viaduct.[28]

Notes edit

  1. ^ The original design by Grainger had called for a single span over the water of 125 feet (38 m)
  2. ^ The original station opened with the line in 1852 and closed in 1960. A new station was opened in 1996 some distance south of the first station across the river on the Yorkshire side.

References edit

  1. ^ Historic England & 1139259.
  2. ^ Historic England. "Yarm Viaduct (Grade II) (1139259)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  3. ^ "History of Preston Junction, in Stockton on Tees and County Durham | Map and description". www.visionofbritain.org.uk. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  4. ^ Langley, J Baxter (1963). The illustrated official guide and tourist's hand book to the North Eastern Railway and its branches. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Lambert. p. 198. OCLC 25963310.
  5. ^ Hoole, K (1974). A regional history of the railways of Great Britain. Vol. 4, North East England. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 126. ISBN 0-7153-6439-1.
  6. ^ "OPENING OF THE LEEDS NORTHERN EXTENSION TO STOCKTON AND HARTLEPOOL". The Leeds Mercury. No. 6, 180. 18 May 1852. p. 5. OCLC 11968069.
  7. ^ Thompson, Alan R; Groundwater, Ken (1992). British railways past and present. Kettering: Silver Link. p. 65. ISBN 0-947971-84-X.
  8. ^ Rennison, R W, ed. (1996). Civil engineering heritage. Northern England (2 ed.). London: Thomas Telford. pp. 94–95. ISBN 0-7277-2518-1.
  9. ^ Chrimes, Mike (2002). Skempton, A W; Chrimes, M M; Cox, R C; Cross-Rudkin, P S M; Rennison, R W; Ruddock, E C (eds.). A biographical dictionary of civil engineers in Great Britain and Ireland. London: Thomas Telford. p. 265. ISBN 0-7277-2939-X.
  10. ^ Lee, C H (23 September 2004). "Grainger, Thomas (1794–1852), railway engineer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11237. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  11. ^ a b Lloyd, Chris (12 May 2016). "Yarm viaduct: way to go!". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  12. ^ Heavisides, Henry (1865). The annals of Stockton-on-Tees; with biographical notices. Stockton-on-Tees: Heavisides. p. 211. OCLC 23381160.
  13. ^ "Yarm Conservation Area Appraisal" (PDF). stockton.gov.uk. p. 6. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  14. ^ "Hartlepool Borough Council Local Transport Plan 3 2011-2026" (PDF). hartlepool.gov.uk. April 2011. p. 16. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  15. ^ "East Coast Main Line Route Utilisation Strategy" (PDF). archive.nr.co.uk. February 2008. p. 53. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  16. ^ Hughes, M T (2002). Railway engineering 2002 5th international conference and exhibition, London, UK, 3-4 July 2002 ; [registered papers]. Edinburgh: Engineering Technics Press. p. 116. ISBN 0947644490.
  17. ^ Lesley, L (2009). "2; Fatigue in railway and tramway track". In Robinson, Mark; Kapoor, Ajay (eds.). Fatigue in Railway Infrastructure. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-84569-702-0.
  18. ^ "Yarm Railway Viaduct". www.bridgesonthetyne.co.uk. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  19. ^ "Imposing giant found favour in quaint town". Evening Gazette. 19 March 2013. ProQuest 1317634184.
  20. ^ "Engineering Timelines - Yarm Viaduct". engineering-timelines.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  21. ^ Lloyd, Chris (16 May 2016). "From the archive: Yarm viaduct". Darlington and Stockton Times. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  22. ^ Woodhouse, R (1991). The River Tees : a North Country river. T. Dalton. p. 65. ISBN 0-86138-091-6.
  23. ^ "Bridges over the Tees" (PDF). ice.org.uk. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  24. ^ "A Brief History of the River Tees" (PDF). heritage.stockton.gov.uk. p. 17. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  25. ^ Hoole, Ken (1985). Railway stations of the North East. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 198. ISBN 0-7153-8527-5.
  26. ^ Chrystal, Paul (2017). The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales (1 ed.). Catrine: Stenlake. p. 91. ISBN 9781840337532.
  27. ^ Barlow, Rob (30 August 2007). "Yarm Viaduct". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  28. ^ Brayshay, Chris (21 May 2001). "Residents' fears over 'bouncing' rail line". The Northern Echo. ProQuest 328958178.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yarm Viaduct.
  • Images on ncl site
  • Footage of a freight train transiting the viaduct in 1962 (begins at 28:00)

January 01, 1970
yarm, viaduct, railway, viaduct, carrying, railways, above, town, yarm, north, yorkshire, england, crosses, river, tees, which, forms, boundary, between, north, yorkshire, county, durham, railway, runs, between, northallerton, eaglescliffe, opened, 1852, part,. Yarm Viaduct is a railway viaduct carrying the railways above the town of Yarm in North Yorkshire England It crosses the River Tees which forms the boundary between North Yorkshire and County Durham The railway runs between Northallerton and Eaglescliffe and was opened in 1852 as part of the extension of the Leeds Northern Railway to Stockton on Tees The line and viaduct are currently owned and maintained by Network Rail and carries passenger traffic for TransPennine Express and Grand Central train operating companies It also sees a variety of freight traffic Yarm ViaductYarm Viaduct the second arch on the left after the river has been strengthened with extra bricksCoordinates54 30 41 N 1 21 25 W 54 511411 N 1 356910 W 54 511411 1 356910OS grid referenceNZ417131CarriesRailway trafficCrossesRiver TeesLocaleYarm North Yorkshire County DurhamOwnerNetwork RailMaintained byNetwork RailCharacteristicsTotal length2 280 feet 690 m Height65 feet 20 m above river Longest span67 feet 20 m No of spans43Piers in water1Rail characteristicsNo of tracks2Track gauge4 ft 8 1 2 in 1 435 mm HistoryDesignerThomas GraingerJohn BourneConstructed byTrowsdale Jackson amp GarbuttConstruction start1849Construction cost 44 500 1852 Opened15 May 1852StatisticsListed Building Grade IIOfficial nameYARM VIADUCTDesignated23 June 1966 1966 06 23 Reference no 1139259 1 Location The viaduct consists of 43 arches 41 of which are made of red brick with the two arches straddling the water constructed of stone The viaduct which is cited for its appearance and height above the town was grade II listed in 1966 2 Contents 1 History 2 Structure 3 Incidents 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksHistory editThe section of line through Yarm to Eaglescliffe original Preston Junction 3 4 5 was formally started in July 1847 6 but work on the viaduct did not commence until 1849 7 The structure opened up to traffic on 15 May 1852 8 and it was the last work completed by Grainger as he died two months later in a railway accident in Stockton on Tees 9 The viaduct is noted for its height above the town of Yarm and is variously described as being towering very beautiful and great 10 11 One local writer described the viaduct as being acknowledged as the finest in the kingdom 12 Due to its height and length when viewing the town from afar especially from the west the viaduct is a dominating structure across the town 13 The line that the viaduct is on Northallerton to Eaglescliffe line carries passenger services for Grand Central Sunderland to London King s Cross 14 and TransPennine Express Middlesbrough to Manchester Airport as well as a variety of freight traffic to and from the north east 15 The structure was strengthened in two of its spans with extra bricks on the inside of the arches and stabilisation works undertaken in 2001 due to subsidence lessened the vibrations felt by property owners below the viaduct either significantly or completely 16 17 Structure editThe viaduct extends for over 2 280 feet 690 m in a north south direction over the town of Yarm and across the River Tees 18 It consists of 43 arches 41 of them are 40 feet 12 m span and are constructed of 7 5 million red bricks The other two arches are constructed from stone and are 67 feet 20 m across note 1 with one pier standing in the river The two spans across the river are composed of 139 000 cubic feet 3 900 m3 of stone 19 and are skewed across the river by 20 degrees 20 21 On the downstream side of the viaduct eastern side is a large plaque set into the stone section of where the bridge spans the river This commemorates the engineers and contractors on the project 22 23 Workers on the structure navvies were paid 1 per day with the total cost of the bridge being 44 500 by its completion in 1852 5 6 million equivalent in 2016 11 A system of pulleys worked by teams of horses allowed the raw materials to be brought onto the site 24 Incidents editIn 1855 when Yarm railway station was at the northern end of the viaduct note 2 25 a train travelling south overshot the station in the darkness and bad weather A passenger alighted from a carriage and fell 74 feet 23 m to his death 26 27 In 1997 a train of ballast became partially derailed in Eaglescliffe as it was heading south When it travelled over the viaduct loose ballast from the derailed wagon was thrown 100 feet 30 m onto the properties below the viaduct 28 Notes edit The original design by Grainger had called for a single span over the water of 125 feet 38 m The original station opened with the line in 1852 and closed in 1960 A new station was opened in 1996 some distance south of the first station across the river on the Yorkshire side References edit Historic England amp 1139259 Historic England Yarm Viaduct Grade II 1139259 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 7 December 2018 History of Preston Junction in Stockton on Tees and County Durham Map and description www visionofbritain org uk Retrieved 9 December 2018 Langley J Baxter 1963 The illustrated official guide and tourist s hand book to the North Eastern Railway and its branches Newcastle upon Tyne Lambert p 198 OCLC 25963310 Hoole K 1974 A regional history of the railways of Great Britain Vol 4 North East England Newton Abbot David amp Charles p 126 ISBN 0 7153 6439 1 OPENING OF THE LEEDS NORTHERN EXTENSION TO STOCKTON AND HARTLEPOOL The Leeds Mercury No 6 180 18 May 1852 p 5 OCLC 11968069 Thompson Alan R Groundwater Ken 1992 British railways past and present Kettering Silver Link p 65 ISBN 0 947971 84 X Rennison R W ed 1996 Civil engineering heritage Northern England 2 ed London Thomas Telford pp 94 95 ISBN 0 7277 2518 1 Chrimes Mike 2002 Skempton A W Chrimes M M Cox R C Cross Rudkin P S M Rennison R W Ruddock E C eds A biographical dictionary of civil engineers in Great Britain and Ireland London Thomas Telford p 265 ISBN 0 7277 2939 X Lee C H 23 September 2004 Grainger Thomas 1794 1852 railway engineer Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 11237 Subscription or UK public library membership required a b Lloyd Chris 12 May 2016 Yarm viaduct way to go The Northern Echo Retrieved 3 December 2018 Heavisides Henry 1865 The annals of Stockton on Tees with biographical notices Stockton on Tees Heavisides p 211 OCLC 23381160 Yarm Conservation Area Appraisal PDF stockton gov uk p 6 Retrieved 6 December 2018 Hartlepool Borough Council Local Transport Plan 3 2011 2026 PDF hartlepool gov uk April 2011 p 16 Retrieved 5 December 2018 East Coast Main Line Route Utilisation Strategy PDF archive nr co uk February 2008 p 53 Retrieved 5 December 2018 Hughes M T 2002 Railway engineering 2002 5th international conference and exhibition London UK 3 4 July 2002 registered papers Edinburgh Engineering Technics Press p 116 ISBN 0947644490 Lesley L 2009 2 Fatigue in railway and tramway track In Robinson Mark Kapoor Ajay eds Fatigue in Railway Infrastructure Cambridge Woodhead Publishing p 50 ISBN 978 1 84569 702 0 Yarm Railway Viaduct www bridgesonthetyne co uk Retrieved 9 December 2018 Imposing giant found favour in quaint town Evening Gazette 19 March 2013 ProQuest 1317634184 Engineering Timelines Yarm Viaduct engineering timelines com Retrieved 5 December 2018 Lloyd Chris 16 May 2016 From the archive Yarm viaduct Darlington and Stockton Times Retrieved 6 December 2018 Woodhouse R 1991 The River Tees a North Country river T Dalton p 65 ISBN 0 86138 091 6 Bridges over the Tees PDF ice org uk Retrieved 9 December 2018 A Brief History of the River Tees PDF heritage stockton gov uk p 17 Retrieved 5 December 2018 Hoole Ken 1985 Railway stations of the North East Newton Abbot David amp Charles p 198 ISBN 0 7153 8527 5 Chrystal Paul 2017 The Place Names of Yorkshire Cities Towns Villages Rivers and Dales some Pubs too in Praise of Yorkshire Ales 1 ed Catrine Stenlake p 91 ISBN 9781840337532 Barlow Rob 30 August 2007 Yarm Viaduct www bbc co uk Retrieved 9 December 2018 Brayshay Chris 21 May 2001 Residents fears over bouncing rail line The Northern Echo ProQuest 328958178 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yarm Viaduct Images on ncl site Footage of a freight train transiting the viaduct in 1962 begins at 28 00 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yarm Viaduct amp oldid 1178454097, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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