Yamato 000593 (or Y000593) is the second largestmeteorite from Mars found on Earth.[2][5][6] Studies suggest the Martian meteorite was formed about 1.3 billion years ago from a lava flow on Mars.[7] An impact occurred on Mars about 11 million years ago[7] and ejected the meteorite from the Martian surface into space. The meteorite landed on Earth in Antarctica about 50,000 years ago. The mass of the meteorite is 13.7 kg (30 lb) and has been found to contain evidence of past water alteration.[2][5][6][8]
Yamato 000593
Yamato 000593 meteorite—13.7 kg (30 lb). The cube is 1 cm (0.39 in) (NASA; 2012).
At a microscopic level, spheres are found in the meteorite rich in carbon compared to surrounding areas lacking such spheres. The carbon-rich spheres and the observed micro-tunnels may have been formed by biotic activity, according to NASA scientists.[2][5][6]
The mass of the meteorite is 13.7 kg (30 lb).[2] It is an unbrecciated cumulus igneous rock consisting predominantly of elongated augite crystals—a solid solution in the pyroxene group.[9] Japanese scientists from the National Institute of Polar Research reported in 2003 that the meteorite contains iddingsite, which forms from the weathering of basalt in the presence of liquid water.[9] In addition, NASA researchers reported in February 2014 that they also found carbon-rich spheres encased in multiple layers of iddingsite, as well as microtubular features emanating from iddingsite veins displaying curved, undulating shapes consistent with bio-alteration textures that have been observed in terrestrial basaltic glass.[2] However, the scientific consensus is that "morphology alone cannot be used unambiguously as a tool for primitive life detection."[10][11][12] Interpretation of morphology is notoriously subjective, and its use alone has led to numerous errors of interpretation.[10] According to the NASA team, the presence of carbon and lack of corresponding cations is consistent with the occurrence of organic matter embedded in iddingsite.[5] The NASA researchers indicated that mass spectrometry may provide deeper insight into the nature of the carbon, and could distinguish between abiotic and biologic carbon incorporation and alteration.[5]
Microscopic image of Y000593 meteorite shows iddingsite as evidence of water alteration. It displays microtunnels that may have been formed by biotic activity (February 27, 2014).
Y000593 has areas with spheres (red) that have twice the carbon as areas without spheres (blue) (February 27, 2014).
Microscopic image of the Nakhla-like surface of meteorite Yamato 000593 (November 2009).
^ abcdYamato meteorite (PDF) The Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office, NASA.
^ abcdefghijklmnWebster, Guy (February 27, 2014). "NASA Scientists Find Evidence of Water in Meteorite, Reviving Debate Over Life on Mars". NASA. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
^ ab"Meteoritical Bulletin Database - Yamato 000593". The Meteoritical Society. Lunar and Planetary Institute. February 26, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
^Yamato 000593 Natural History Museum, UK. The Catalogue of Meteorites.
^ abcdeWhite, Lauren M.; Gibson, Everett K.; Thomnas-Keprta, Kathie L.; Clemett, Simon J.; McKay, David (February 19, 2014). "Putative Indigenous Carbon-Bearing Alteration Features in Martian Meteorite Yamato 000593". Astrobiology. 14 (2): 170–181. Bibcode:2014AsBio..14..170W. doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0733. PMC3929347. PMID 24552234.
^ abcGannon, Megan (February 28, 2014). "Mars Meteorite with Odd 'Tunnels' & 'Spheres' Revives Debate Over Ancient Martian Life". Space.com. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
^ abCohen, Benjamin E.; Mark, Darren F.; Cassata, William S.; Lee, Martin R.; Tomkinson, Tim; Smith, Caroline L. (2017-10-03). "Taking the pulse of Mars via dating of a plume-fed volcano". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 640. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8..640C. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00513-8. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC5626741. PMID 28974682.
^Mikouchi, T.; E. Koizumi; A. Monkawa; Y. Ueda (March 2003). "Mineralogy and petrology of Yamato 000593: Comparison with other Martian nakhlite meteorites". Antarctic Meteorite Research. 16: 34–57. Bibcode:2003AMR....16...34M.
^ abcImae, N.; Y. Ikeda; K. Shinoda; H. Kojima; Iwata, Naoyoshi (2003). "Yamato nahklites: Petrography and mineralogy". Antarctic Meteorite Research. 16: 13–33. Bibcode:2003AMR....16...13I.
^ abGarcia-Ruiz, Juan-Manuel Garcia-Ruiz (December 30, 1999). "Morphological behavior of inorganic precipitation systems - Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology II". SPIE Proceedings. Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology II. Proc. SPIE 3755: 74–82. doi:10.1117/12.375088. S2CID 84764520. It is concluded that "morphology cannot be used unambiguously as a tool for primitive life detection."
^Agresti; House; Jögi; Kudryavstev; McKeegan; Runnegar; Schopf; Wdowiak (December 3, 2008). "Detection and geochemical characterization of Earth's earliest life". NASA Astrobiology Institute. NASA. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
^Schopf, J. William; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.; Czaja, Andrew D.; Tripathi, Abhishek B. (April 28, 2007). "Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils" (PDF). Precambrian Research. 158 (3–4): 141–155. Bibcode:2007PreR..158..141S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
External linksedit
Yamato meteorite (PDF) The Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office, NASA.
yamato, 000593, y000593, second, largest, meteorite, from, mars, found, earth, studies, suggest, martian, meteorite, formed, about, billion, years, from, lava, flow, mars, impact, occurred, mars, about, million, years, ejected, meteorite, from, martian, surfac. Yamato 000593 or Y000593 is the second largest meteorite from Mars found on Earth 2 5 6 Studies suggest the Martian meteorite was formed about 1 3 billion years ago from a lava flow on Mars 7 An impact occurred on Mars about 11 million years ago 7 and ejected the meteorite from the Martian surface into space The meteorite landed on Earth in Antarctica about 50 000 years ago The mass of the meteorite is 13 7 kg 30 lb and has been found to contain evidence of past water alteration 2 5 6 8 Yamato 000593Yamato 000593 meteorite 13 7 kg 30 lb The cube is 1 cm 0 39 in NASA 2012 TypeAchondriteStructural classificationIgneous 1 ClassMartian meteorite 2 GroupNakhlite 2 Compositionpyroxene 85 1 olivine 10 Shock stageS3 1 Weathering gradeB 3 CountryAntarctica 2 RegionYamato Glacier 2 Coordinates71 30 S 35 40 E 71 500 S 35 667 E 71 500 35 667 3 4 Observed fallNoFall date50 000 years ago 2 Found date2000 2 TKW13 7 kg 30 lb 2 Related media on Wikimedia Commons At a microscopic level spheres are found in the meteorite rich in carbon compared to surrounding areas lacking such spheres The carbon rich spheres and the observed micro tunnels may have been formed by biotic activity according to NASA scientists 2 5 6 Contents 1 Discovery and naming 2 Description 3 Classification 4 Images 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDiscovery and naming editThe 41st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition JARE found the meteorite in late December 2000 on the Yamato Glacier in the Queen Fabiola Mountains Antarctica 2 9 Description editThe mass of the meteorite is 13 7 kg 30 lb 2 It is an unbrecciated cumulus igneous rock consisting predominantly of elongated augite crystals a solid solution in the pyroxene group 9 Japanese scientists from the National Institute of Polar Research reported in 2003 that the meteorite contains iddingsite which forms from the weathering of basalt in the presence of liquid water 9 In addition NASA researchers reported in February 2014 that they also found carbon rich spheres encased in multiple layers of iddingsite as well as microtubular features emanating from iddingsite veins displaying curved undulating shapes consistent with bio alteration textures that have been observed in terrestrial basaltic glass 2 However the scientific consensus is that morphology alone cannot be used unambiguously as a tool for primitive life detection 10 11 12 Interpretation of morphology is notoriously subjective and its use alone has led to numerous errors of interpretation 10 According to the NASA team the presence of carbon and lack of corresponding cations is consistent with the occurrence of organic matter embedded in iddingsite 5 The NASA researchers indicated that mass spectrometry may provide deeper insight into the nature of the carbon and could distinguish between abiotic and biologic carbon incorporation and alteration 5 Classification editThe Martian meteorite is an igneous rock classified as an achondrite type of the nakhlite group 2 1 Images edit nbsp Microscopic image of Y000593 meteorite shows iddingsite as evidence of water alteration It displays microtunnels that may have been formed by biotic activity February 27 2014 nbsp Y000593 has areas with spheres red that have twice the carbon as areas without spheres blue February 27 2014 nbsp Microscopic image of the Nakhla like surface of meteorite Yamato 000593 November 2009 See also editAllan Hills 84001 Astrobiology Glossary of meteoritics Life on Mars List of Martian meteorites List of meteorites on Mars Nakhla meteorite PanspermiaReferences edit a b c d Yamato meteorite PDF The Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office NASA a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Webster Guy February 27 2014 NASA Scientists Find Evidence of Water in Meteorite Reviving Debate Over Life on Mars NASA Retrieved February 27 2014 a b Meteoritical Bulletin Database Yamato 000593 The Meteoritical Society Lunar and Planetary Institute February 26 2014 Retrieved February 28 2014 Yamato 000593 Natural History Museum UK The Catalogue of Meteorites a b c d e White Lauren M Gibson Everett K Thomnas Keprta Kathie L Clemett Simon J McKay David February 19 2014 Putative Indigenous Carbon Bearing Alteration Features in Martian Meteorite Yamato 000593 Astrobiology 14 2 170 181 Bibcode 2014AsBio 14 170W doi 10 1089 ast 2011 0733 PMC 3929347 PMID 24552234 a b c Gannon Megan February 28 2014 Mars Meteorite with Odd Tunnels amp Spheres Revives Debate Over Ancient Martian Life Space com Retrieved February 28 2014 a b Cohen Benjamin E Mark Darren F Cassata William S Lee Martin R Tomkinson Tim Smith Caroline L 2017 10 03 Taking the pulse of Mars via dating of a plume fed volcano Nature Communications 8 1 640 Bibcode 2017NatCo 8 640C doi 10 1038 s41467 017 00513 8 ISSN 2041 1723 PMC 5626741 PMID 28974682 Mikouchi T E Koizumi A Monkawa Y Ueda March 2003 Mineralogy and petrology of Yamato 000593 Comparison with other Martian nakhlite meteorites Antarctic Meteorite Research 16 34 57 Bibcode 2003AMR 16 34M a b c Imae N Y Ikeda K Shinoda H Kojima Iwata Naoyoshi 2003 Yamato nahklites Petrography and mineralogy Antarctic Meteorite Research 16 13 33 Bibcode 2003AMR 16 13I a b Garcia Ruiz Juan Manuel Garcia Ruiz December 30 1999 Morphological behavior of inorganic precipitation systems Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology II SPIE Proceedings Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology II Proc SPIE 3755 74 82 doi 10 1117 12 375088 S2CID 84764520 It is concluded that morphology cannot be used unambiguously as a tool for primitive life detection Agresti House Jogi Kudryavstev McKeegan Runnegar Schopf Wdowiak December 3 2008 Detection and geochemical characterization of Earth s earliest life NASA Astrobiology Institute NASA Retrieved January 15 2013 Schopf J William Kudryavtsev Anatoliy B Czaja Andrew D Tripathi Abhishek B April 28 2007 Evidence of Archean life Stromatolites and microfossils PDF Precambrian Research 158 3 4 141 155 Bibcode 2007PreR 158 141S doi 10 1016 j precamres 2007 04 009 Retrieved January 15 2013 External links editYamato meteorite PDF The Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office NASA Portals nbsp Astronomy nbsp Biology nbsp Solar System Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yamato 000593 amp oldid 1187043957, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
