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Yakovlev Yak-14

The Yakovlev Yak-14 (Russian: Яковлев Як-14; NATO reporting name: "Crow")[1] was the largest assault glider ever to enter service with the Soviet Air Force. It was introduced in 1949, at a time when other air forces were abandoning the glider concept. In 1950 a Yak-14 became the first glider to fly over the North Pole.[2]

Yak-14
Role Military transport glider
Manufacturer Yakovlev
First flight 1948
Introduction 1950
Status Retired
Primary users Soviet Union
Czechoslovakia
Number built 413

Design and development edit

During World War II, the Soviet Union operated only light gliders like the Gribovsky G-11, Antonov A-7 and Kolesnikov-Tsybin KC-20 which were unable to transport vehicles, light tanks or artillery. Only after the war were Soviet designers ordered to develop medium gliders capable of carrying heavy or bulky loads.[3] In 1948 the Soviet Air Forces issued a specification for a large assault glider needed by the VDV (Vozdushnodesantnyye Voyska – airborne troops) which was to be capable of carrying a payload of 3,500 kilograms (7,700 lb), including loads like an anti-tank or field gun with its crew and associated tow vehicle, or up to 35 troops. The Yakovlev design bureau was instructed to design an aircraft to meet this requirement, despite its relative inexperience in the design of such large aircraft.[4][5]

Yakovlev's design, the Yak-14 was a high-wing monoplane. It had a rectangular section fuselage with a steel-tube and dural structure with a fabric covering. To aid loading and unloading of cargo, the aircraft's nose swung to the right with the tail section pivoting to the left. The two pilots sat side by side in an enclosed cockpit above the left side of the fuselage. They were provided with a display that used a transmitter in the towing aircraft to show the relative positions of the two aircraft when flying in cloud. The wings were made of dural and fabric and were braced to the fuselage by a single strut on each side. Large slotted trailing-edge flaps were fitted to the wings, while the aircraft was fitted with a fixed nosewheel undercarriage which could be made to "kneel" by releasing air from the pneumatic shock struts of the undercarriage, lowering the fuselage for ease of unloading or to make short landings on belly-mounted skids.[5][6]

Testing edit

The first prototype made its maiden flight in June 1948 from Medvyezhe Ozero, near Omsk.[7] Official testing resulted in a number of changes to the design, with a large dorsal fin being fitted, and spoilers being added to reduce landing runs, while the payload of the glider was increased to allow an ASU-57 assault gun to be carried. As such the Yak-14 passed its acceptance trials from August to September 1949, with the glider entering mass production later that year.[8]

While some Yak-14s were constructed at Chkalovsk, the majority were produced at Rostov-on-Don. Total production was 413 series gliders.[7]

Operational history edit

The Yak-14 filled an important role in Soviet service in the 1950s, being the only way of carrying large loads by air to remote parts of the Soviet Union without having to disassemble the loads.[9] The usual tug was the Ilyushin Il-12.[7]

One Yak-14 was flown to the North Pole in 1950,[7] while another example of the glider's versatility took place in March 1954, when four Yak-14s made a long-distance flight to an ice station on an ice floe drifting on the Arctic Ocean, with the supplies delivered including a large bulldozer. The gliders flew from Tula on March 10, with several stops at Omsk, Krasnoyarsk and the Schmidt Cape, on Sakhalin island in the Far East, before reaching SP-4 in early April during a heavy freeze. [3][9]

A few were delivered to Czechoslovakia in the early 1950s which used them under the designation NK-14.[9]

Soviet Air Force transport gliders were gradually withdrawn from service with the arrival of turboprop transports like the Antonov An-24 and Antonov An-12, which entered service in the late 1950s.

Variants edit

Yak-14
Basic production variant.
Yak-14M
Increased payload version built from 1951.
NK-14 (Nakladni kluzak – cargo glider)
Yak-14s delivered to Czechoslovakia

Operators edit

  Czechoslovakia
  Soviet Union

Specifications (Yak-14) edit

 

Data from Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924[7]

General characteristics

  • Crew: two
  • Length: 18.44 m (60 ft 6 in)
  • Wingspan: 26.17 m (85 ft 10 in)
  • Wing area: 83.35 m2 (897.2 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 3,082 kg (6,795 lb)
  • Gross weight: 6,750 kg (14,881 lb)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 300 km/h (190 mph, 160 kn) (maximum towing speed)
  • Cruise speed: 145 km/h (90 mph, 78 kn) (optimum gliding speed)

See also edit

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References edit

Notes
  1. ^ Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1955-56 p. 188
  2. ^ Gunston, Bill. Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924. London, UK: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1997. ISBN 1-55750-978-6.
  3. ^ a b "Як-14", Уголок Неба. Retrieved 16 December 2011. (in Russian)
  4. ^ Gunston and Gordon 1997, p. 104.
  5. ^ a b Gordon et al 2005, p. 243.
  6. ^ Gunston and Gordon 1997, pp. 104–105.
  7. ^ a b c d e Gunston and Gordon 1997, p. 105.
  8. ^ Gordon et al 2005, pp. 244–245.
  9. ^ a b c Gordon et al 2005, p. 245.
Bibliography
  • Yak-14 at Ugolok Neba (in Russian)
  • Gordon, Yefim, Dmitry Komissarov and Sergey Komissarov. OKB Yakovlev: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft. Hinkley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2005. ISBN 1-85780-203-9.
  • Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1975–1995. London, UK: Osprey, 1995. ISBN 1-85532-405-9.
  • Gunston, Bill and Yefim Gordon. Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924. London, UK: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1997. ISBN 1-55750-978-6.

yakovlev, russian, Яковлев, Як, nato, reporting, name, crow, largest, assault, glider, ever, enter, service, with, soviet, force, introduced, 1949, time, when, other, forces, were, abandoning, glider, concept, 1950, became, first, glider, over, north, pole, ro. The Yakovlev Yak 14 Russian Yakovlev Yak 14 NATO reporting name Crow 1 was the largest assault glider ever to enter service with the Soviet Air Force It was introduced in 1949 at a time when other air forces were abandoning the glider concept In 1950 a Yak 14 became the first glider to fly over the North Pole 2 Yak 14 Role Military transport glider Manufacturer Yakovlev First flight 1948 Introduction 1950 Status Retired Primary users Soviet UnionCzechoslovakia Number built 413 Contents 1 Design and development 1 1 Testing 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 Specifications Yak 14 6 See also 7 ReferencesDesign and development editDuring World War II the Soviet Union operated only light gliders like the Gribovsky G 11 Antonov A 7 and Kolesnikov Tsybin KC 20 which were unable to transport vehicles light tanks or artillery Only after the war were Soviet designers ordered to develop medium gliders capable of carrying heavy or bulky loads 3 In 1948 the Soviet Air Forces issued a specification for a large assault glider needed by the VDV Vozdushnodesantnyye Voyska airborne troops which was to be capable of carrying a payload of 3 500 kilograms 7 700 lb including loads like an anti tank or field gun with its crew and associated tow vehicle or up to 35 troops The Yakovlev design bureau was instructed to design an aircraft to meet this requirement despite its relative inexperience in the design of such large aircraft 4 5 Yakovlev s design the Yak 14 was a high wing monoplane It had a rectangular section fuselage with a steel tube and dural structure with a fabric covering To aid loading and unloading of cargo the aircraft s nose swung to the right with the tail section pivoting to the left The two pilots sat side by side in an enclosed cockpit above the left side of the fuselage They were provided with a display that used a transmitter in the towing aircraft to show the relative positions of the two aircraft when flying in cloud The wings were made of dural and fabric and were braced to the fuselage by a single strut on each side Large slotted trailing edge flaps were fitted to the wings while the aircraft was fitted with a fixed nosewheel undercarriage which could be made to kneel by releasing air from the pneumatic shock struts of the undercarriage lowering the fuselage for ease of unloading or to make short landings on belly mounted skids 5 6 Testing edit The first prototype made its maiden flight in June 1948 from Medvyezhe Ozero near Omsk 7 Official testing resulted in a number of changes to the design with a large dorsal fin being fitted and spoilers being added to reduce landing runs while the payload of the glider was increased to allow an ASU 57 assault gun to be carried As such the Yak 14 passed its acceptance trials from August to September 1949 with the glider entering mass production later that year 8 While some Yak 14s were constructed at Chkalovsk the majority were produced at Rostov on Don Total production was 413 series gliders 7 Operational history editThe Yak 14 filled an important role in Soviet service in the 1950s being the only way of carrying large loads by air to remote parts of the Soviet Union without having to disassemble the loads 9 The usual tug was the Ilyushin Il 12 7 One Yak 14 was flown to the North Pole in 1950 7 while another example of the glider s versatility took place in March 1954 when four Yak 14s made a long distance flight to an ice station on an ice floe drifting on the Arctic Ocean with the supplies delivered including a large bulldozer The gliders flew from Tula on March 10 with several stops at Omsk Krasnoyarsk and the Schmidt Cape on Sakhalin island in the Far East before reaching SP 4 in early April during a heavy freeze 3 9 A few were delivered to Czechoslovakia in the early 1950s which used them under the designation NK 14 9 Soviet Air Force transport gliders were gradually withdrawn from service with the arrival of turboprop transports like the Antonov An 24 and Antonov An 12 which entered service in the late 1950s Variants editYak 14 Basic production variant Yak 14M Increased payload version built from 1951 NK 14 Nakladni kluzak cargo glider Yak 14s delivered to CzechoslovakiaOperators edit nbsp Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakian Air Force nbsp Soviet Union Soviet Air ForceSpecifications Yak 14 edit nbsp Data from Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924 7 General characteristicsCrew two Length 18 44 m 60 ft 6 in Wingspan 26 17 m 85 ft 10 in Wing area 83 35 m2 897 2 sq ft Empty weight 3 082 kg 6 795 lb Gross weight 6 750 kg 14 881 lb Performance Maximum speed 300 km h 190 mph 160 kn maximum towing speed Cruise speed 145 km h 90 mph 78 kn optimum gliding speed See also editAircraft of comparable role configuration and era Airspeed Horsa Chase XCG 20 General Aircraft Hamilcar Gotha Go 242 Messerschmitt Me 321 Waco CG 4 Related lists List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CISReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yakovlev Yak 14 Notes Jane s All the World s Aircraft 1955 56 p 188 Gunston Bill Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924 London UK Putnam Aeronautical Books 1997 ISBN 1 55750 978 6 a b Yak 14 Ugolok Neba Retrieved 16 December 2011 in Russian Gunston and Gordon 1997 p 104 a b Gordon et al 2005 p 243 Gunston and Gordon 1997 pp 104 105 a b c d e Gunston and Gordon 1997 p 105 Gordon et al 2005 pp 244 245 a b c Gordon et al 2005 p 245 Bibliography Yak 14 at Ugolok Neba in Russian Gordon Yefim Dmitry Komissarov and Sergey Komissarov OKB Yakovlev A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft Hinkley UK Midland Publishing 2005 ISBN 1 85780 203 9 Gunston Bill The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1975 1995 London UK Osprey 1995 ISBN 1 85532 405 9 Gunston Bill and Yefim Gordon Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924 London UK Putnam Aeronautical Books 1997 ISBN 1 55750 978 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yakovlev Yak 14 amp oldid 1192220820, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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