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Yadhaykenu

January 01, 1970

The Yadhaykenu, otherwise known as the Jathaikana or Yadhaigana, are an Australian aboriginal tribe of northern Queensland. The name appears to be an exonym from the Western and Central Torres Strait (Kalau Lagau Ya) yadaigal (Kaurareg dialect yařadaigalai~yařadegale) "talkers, chatterers,people who speak a lot".

Language edit

The Yadhaykenu language was a dialect of Uradhi,[1] a group of dialects marked by their use of variants of urra for 'this'.[2][3] For example, in the Wudhadhi dialect, just south of Yadhaykenu, urra is realised as wudha.

Country edit

The Yadhaykenu had, in Norman Tindale's estimation, some 300 square miles (780 km2) of territory southwards from the Escape River to the vicinity of Orford Ness.[4] This covers the area extending from Escape River to Pudding Pan Hill in the Cape York Peninsula. Their numbers at the time of contact with colonial pastoralists who took over their land in the 1860s has been estimated to range between 1,500 and 1,600.[5]

History edit

The Yadhaigana were traditional enemies of the Gudang, Alfred Cort Haddon (Head Hunters, Black, White and Brown, ph 190 ) stated in the 1880s that the Gudang had died out, or at all events none now live in their own country, the same remark also applies to the neighbouring tribes.[6]Together with the neighbouring Unduyamo and Gudang aboriginal tribes, they were regarded as warlike by the colonial authorities and settlers who moved into their lands and encountered their resistance. Writing in 1864, the Scottish immigrant John Jardine (1807–1874), from 1863 to 1865 the police magistrate at the newly established Somerset settlement. thought of these natives in his area of administration 'to be in a lower state of degradation, mentally and physically, than any of the Australian aboriginal tribes which I have seen'.[7][8]

British marines stationed at Somerset were withdrawn in 1868, and native troopers under Henry Chester set about dispersing the local tribes with terror tactics, punitive forays, and by adopting methods such as inciting one tribe against another. The young men and women were subject to Blackbirding in order to obtain slave labour on pearling boats. Two Anglican missionaries present Rev F Jagg and William Kennett wrote on protest at the shocking conditions the tribes were subject to, only to be speedily removed.[9] Internecine hostilities, already frequent,[10] flared between the Yadhaigana and their Gumakudin neighbours as settlement expanded,[11] and eventually the latter were absorbed by the former. Within three decades of settlement, of the estimated 3,000 Aborigines belonging to the three tribes, only a 100 remained.

After the shattering of the traditional east-coast tribal groupings and their dispersal, many remnants of each group intermarried and a new more collective identity was formed at Red Island Point, from descendants or survivors of the Wuthgathi, Yadhaigana, Gudong and Unduyamo, who came to be known as the Red Island Point tribes.[6] By virtue of this amalgamation, the Yadhaigana, as part of their native title claim, consider themselves heir to the old Gumakudin lands extending from Pudding Pan Hill, across Utingu, Red Island Point, Injinoo to Muttee Head on the southwest of the York Peninsula.[6]

Native title edit

In 2008 the Gudang Yadhaykenu together with the Atampaya and Seven Rivers Angkamuth communities, made an application for Native Title, which was successful in 2014, when their right to 680,000ha of land was recognized.[12] In 2017 the Gudang Yadhaykenu leaders representing some 2000 people signed a development deal with former Macquarie banker Bill Moss to lease areas in 360,000ha and set up tourism and agribusinesses, with trust funds set aside for improvements in Gudang Yadhaykenu health care, education and employment opportunities.[13]

Alternative names edit

  • Induyamo
  • Yadaigan
  • Yaldaigan
  • Yandigan
  • Yaraidyana
  • Yaraikana
  • Yaraikanna, Yaraikkanna
  • Yarakino
  • Yardaikan
  • Yarudolaiga (Kaurareg exonym, correct form Yařadaigalai).
  • Yathaikeno

Source: Tindale 1974, p. 170

Notes edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Crowley 1983, p. 307.
  2. ^ Harper 2016, p. 410.
  3. ^ Dixon 2002, p. xxxi.
  4. ^ Tindale 1974, p. 170.
  5. ^ Sharp 1992, pp. 15, 27.
  6. ^ a b c Sharp 1992, p. 15.
  7. ^ Sharp 1992, p. 27.
  8. ^ Lack 1972.
  9. ^ Sharp 1992, pp. 27–28.
  10. ^ Bayton 1965, pp. 622–633.
  11. ^ Sharp 1992, pp. 15?.
  12. ^ Vlasic 2014.
  13. ^ Condon 2017.

Sources edit

  • Bayton, John (27 May 1965). The Mission to the Aborigines at Somerset (PDF). Royal Historical Society of Queensland. pp. 622–633. ISBN 978-0-855-75230-9.
  • Byerley, Frederick J. (1867). . Brisbane: J.W. Buxton. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010.
  • Condon, Turi (10 March 2017). "Deal seals bright future in Top End". The Australian.
  • Creed (1878). Ridley, William (ed.). "Australian Languages and Traditions". Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 7: 266–268. doi:10.2307/2841001. JSTOR 2841001.
  • Crowley, Terry (1983). "Uradhi". In Dixon, Robert M. W.; Blake, Barry J. (eds.). Handbook of Australian languages. Vol. 3. Australian National University Press. pp. 306–428. ISBN 978-9-027-22005-9.
  • Dixon, Robert M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47378-1.
  • Harper, Helen (2016). "The story of Old Man Frank: a narrative response to questions about language shift in northern Cape York Peninsula". In Verstraete, Jean-Christophe; Hafner, Diane (eds.). Land and Language in Cape York Peninsula and the Gulf Country. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 409–433. ISBN 978-9-027-26760-3.
  • Lack, Clem (1972). "Jardine, Francis Lascelles (Frank) (1841–1919)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 4. Melbourne University Press.
  • Mathew, R. H. (1900). "Some tribes of Cape York Peninsula". Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales. 34: 131–135.
  • McConnel, Ursula H. (September 1939). "Social Organization of the Tribes of Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland". Oceania. 10 (1): 54–72. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1939.tb00256.x. JSTOR 40327744.
  • McConnel, Ursula H. (June 1940). "Social Organization of the Tribes of Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland (Continued)". Oceania. 10 (4): 434–455. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1940.tb00305.x. JSTOR 40327867.
  • Parker, K. Langloh (1905). The Euahlayi tribe; a study of aboriginal life in Australia (PDF). A. Constable & Co.
  • Ray, Sydney H. (1907). Linguistics (PDF). Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. pp. 264–283, 504–528.
  • Sharp, Nonie (1992). Footprints Along the Cape York Sandbeaches. Aboriginal Studies Press. ISBN 978-0-855-75230-9.
  • Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Jathaikana (QLD)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
  • Vlasic, Kimberley (30 October 2014). "680,000ha of northern Cape York handed back to traditional owners from the Atampaya, Gudang Yadhaykenu and Seven Rivers Angkamuth Peoples". The Cairns Post.

January 01, 1970
yadhaykenu, otherwise, known, jathaikana, yadhaigana, australian, aboriginal, tribe, northern, queensland, name, appears, exonym, from, western, central, torres, strait, kalau, lagau, yadaigal, kaurareg, dialect, yařadaigalai, yařadegale, talkers, chatterers, . The Yadhaykenu otherwise known as the Jathaikana or Yadhaigana are an Australian aboriginal tribe of northern Queensland The name appears to be an exonym from the Western and Central Torres Strait Kalau Lagau Ya yadaigal Kaurareg dialect yaradaigalai yaradegale talkers chatterers people who speak a lot Contents 1 Language 2 Country 3 History 4 Native title 5 Alternative names 6 Notes 6 1 Citations 7 SourcesLanguage editThe Yadhaykenu language was a dialect of Uradhi 1 a group of dialects marked by their use of variants of urra for this 2 3 For example in the Wudhadhi dialect just south of Yadhaykenu urra is realised as wudha Country editThe Yadhaykenu had in Norman Tindale s estimation some 300 square miles 780 km2 of territory southwards from the Escape River to the vicinity of Orford Ness 4 This covers the area extending from Escape River to Pudding Pan Hill in the Cape York Peninsula Their numbers at the time of contact with colonial pastoralists who took over their land in the 1860s has been estimated to range between 1 500 and 1 600 5 History editThe Yadhaigana were traditional enemies of the Gudang Alfred Cort Haddon Head Hunters Black White and Brown ph 190 stated in the 1880s that the Gudang had died out or at all events none now live in their own country the same remark also applies to the neighbouring tribes 6 Together with the neighbouring Unduyamo and Gudang aboriginal tribes they were regarded as warlike by the colonial authorities and settlers who moved into their lands and encountered their resistance Writing in 1864 the Scottish immigrant John Jardine 1807 1874 from 1863 to 1865 the police magistrate at the newly established Somerset settlement thought of these natives in his area of administration to be in a lower state of degradation mentally and physically than any of the Australian aboriginal tribes which I have seen 7 8 British marines stationed at Somerset were withdrawn in 1868 and native troopers under Henry Chester set about dispersing the local tribes with terror tactics punitive forays and by adopting methods such as inciting one tribe against another The young men and women were subject to Blackbirding in order to obtain slave labour on pearling boats Two Anglican missionaries present Rev F Jagg and William Kennett wrote on protest at the shocking conditions the tribes were subject to only to be speedily removed 9 Internecine hostilities already frequent 10 flared between the Yadhaigana and their Gumakudin neighbours as settlement expanded 11 and eventually the latter were absorbed by the former Within three decades of settlement of the estimated 3 000 Aborigines belonging to the three tribes only a 100 remained After the shattering of the traditional east coast tribal groupings and their dispersal many remnants of each group intermarried and a new more collective identity was formed at Red Island Point from descendants or survivors of the Wuthgathi Yadhaigana Gudong and Unduyamo who came to be known as the Red Island Point tribes 6 By virtue of this amalgamation the Yadhaigana as part of their native title claim consider themselves heir to the old Gumakudin lands extending from Pudding Pan Hill across Utingu Red Island Point Injinoo to Muttee Head on the southwest of the York Peninsula 6 Native title editIn 2008 the Gudang Yadhaykenu together with the Atampaya and Seven Rivers Angkamuth communities made an application for Native Title which was successful in 2014 when their right to 680 000ha of land was recognized 12 In 2017 the Gudang Yadhaykenu leaders representing some 2000 people signed a development deal with former Macquarie banker Bill Moss to lease areas in 360 000ha and set up tourism and agribusinesses with trust funds set aside for improvements in Gudang Yadhaykenu health care education and employment opportunities 13 Alternative names editInduyamo Yadaigan Yaldaigan Yandigan Yaraidyana Yaraikana Yaraikanna Yaraikkanna Yarakino Yardaikan Yarudolaiga Kaurareg exonym correct form Yaradaigalai Yathaikeno Source Tindale 1974 p 170Notes editCitations edit Crowley 1983 p 307 Harper 2016 p 410 Dixon 2002 p xxxi Tindale 1974 p 170 Sharp 1992 pp 15 27 a b c Sharp 1992 p 15 Sharp 1992 p 27 Lack 1972 Sharp 1992 pp 27 28 Bayton 1965 pp 622 633 Sharp 1992 pp 15 Vlasic 2014 Condon 2017 Sources editBayton John 27 May 1965 The Mission to the Aborigines at Somerset PDF Royal Historical Society of Queensland pp 622 633 ISBN 978 0 855 75230 9 Byerley Frederick J 1867 Narrative of the overland expedition of the Messrs Jardine from Rockhampton to Cape York northern Queensland Brisbane Brisbane J W Buxton Archived from the original on 4 June 2010 Condon Turi 10 March 2017 Deal seals bright future in Top End The Australian Creed 1878 Ridley William ed Australian Languages and Traditions Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 7 266 268 doi 10 2307 2841001 JSTOR 2841001 Crowley Terry 1983 Uradhi In Dixon Robert M W Blake Barry J eds Handbook of Australian languages Vol 3 Australian National University Press pp 306 428 ISBN 978 9 027 22005 9 Dixon Robert M W 2002 Australian Languages Their Nature and Development Vol 1 Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 47378 1 Harper Helen 2016 The story of Old Man Frank a narrative response to questions about language shift in northern Cape York Peninsula In Verstraete Jean Christophe Hafner Diane eds Land and Language in Cape York Peninsula and the Gulf Country John Benjamins Publishing pp 409 433 ISBN 978 9 027 26760 3 Lack Clem 1972 Jardine Francis Lascelles Frank 1841 1919 Australian Dictionary of Biography Vol 4 Melbourne University Press Mathew R H 1900 Some tribes of Cape York Peninsula Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 34 131 135 McConnel Ursula H September 1939 Social Organization of the Tribes of Cape York Peninsula North Queensland Oceania 10 1 54 72 doi 10 1002 j 1834 4461 1939 tb00256 x JSTOR 40327744 McConnel Ursula H June 1940 Social Organization of the Tribes of Cape York Peninsula North Queensland Continued Oceania 10 4 434 455 doi 10 1002 j 1834 4461 1940 tb00305 x JSTOR 40327867 Parker K Langloh 1905 The Euahlayi tribe a study of aboriginal life in Australia PDF A Constable amp Co Ray Sydney H 1907 Linguistics PDF Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits Vol 3 Cambridge University Press pp 264 283 504 528 Sharp Nonie 1992 Footprints Along the Cape York Sandbeaches Aboriginal Studies Press ISBN 978 0 855 75230 9 Tindale Norman Barnett 1974 Jathaikana QLD Aboriginal Tribes of Australia Their Terrain Environmental Controls Distribution Limits and Proper Names Australian National University ISBN 978 0 708 10741 6 Vlasic Kimberley 30 October 2014 680 000ha of northern Cape York handed back to traditional owners from the Atampaya Gudang Yadhaykenu and Seven Rivers Angkamuth Peoples The Cairns Post Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yadhaykenu amp oldid 1197539046, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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