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Yaakov Yosef Herman

November 25, 2023

Yaakov Yosef Herman (1880–1967) was an Orthodox Jewish pioneer in the United States in the early 20th century. A native of Slutsk, Belarus, he immigrated with his parents and younger sister to New York City at the age of 8 and was left on his own five years later after his family returned to Russia. Following his marriage, Herman became known for feeding and lodging dozens of people in his home, including visiting European rabbis seeking kosher meals. He displayed a staunch commitment to mitzvah observance at a time that many abandoned their faith, and urged promising young Jewish men to pursue advanced Torah study in the great yeshivas of Europe, including his son-in-law, Rabbi Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg (1910–2012). For his promulgation of Torah values to his co-religionists, Herman was called the "Chofetz Chaim of America" by Rabbi Boruch Ber Leibowitz, the Kaminetz rosh yeshiva,[1] who lived with the Hermans for two years while he was fundraising in the United States.[2] Herman's youngest daughter, Ruchoma Shain (1914–2013), immortalized his exploits in All For The Boss: The life and impact of R' Yaakov Yosef Herman, a Torah pioneer in America: An affectionate family chronicle, first published by Feldheim in 1984.

Yaakov Yosef Herman
Born
Yaakov Yosef Herman

1880
Slutsk, Belarus
Died24 July 1967 (age 87)
Jerusalem, Israel
NationalityAmerican
Known forOrthodox Jewish pioneer in America
Spouses
  • Aidel Andron
  • Mirel
ChildrenEsther
Freida
Nochum Dovid
Bessie
Ruchoma
Parent(s)Rabbi Yitzchok Isaac and Minna Rivka Herman

Early life edit

Herman was the eldest child of Rabbi Yitzchok Isaac Herman and his wife, Minna Rivka. His father was his primary teacher until his bar mitzvah.[3]

Finding it difficult to earn a living in Russia and believing that it would be easier to do so in America, his father emigrated with his wife, son, and daughter Molly in 1888.[4] But in New York City, he was unable to find work as a private rebbi (teacher), and could not keep other jobs because he refused to work on Shabbat (the Jewish Sabbath). Five years later, he decided to return to Russia. He did not have enough travel fare for all the members of the family, so Yaakov Yosef, at age 13, was left behind with cousins until money could be saved for his fare.[5]

Yaakov Yosef earned $1.25 a week working as a handy-boy in a Shabbat-observant fur shop in New York City. His cousins charged him $1 a week for room and board. A few weeks later, they raised his rent to $1.25. Feeling betrayed, he spent Shabbat alone in a park, where he promised himself that he would host poor and homeless people in his home after he married. After Shabbat ended, he moved to a rooming house. At work, he advanced from handy-boy to apprentice to professional worker, and four years later he was able to send money for his parents, sister, and newborn brother to join him. He was able to support his family in New York City on his salary, enabling his father to work as a rebbi.[6]

At age 21 Herman met his future wife, Aidel, daughter of Rabbi Shmuel Yitzchok Andron (one of the founders of Rabbi Jacob Joseph School), on a shidduch. At first Herman's mother nixed the match, since Aidel's father could not afford a dowry. A few months later, Herman bumped into Aidel's brother Yankel Leib, who asked why he had ended the shidduch. Herman explained his mother's demand and Yankel Leib suggested that Herman give him $2,000, which he would present to Herman as the "dowry" on the night of the engagement. The shidduch was concluded successfully, and the couple was married on 29 December 1903.[7] They had four daughters and one son.[8]

Open house edit

Herman told his bride that he wished to have an open house in which guests would be welcome for Shabbat and Jewish holidays, and she agreed. Thus began their "business" of hachnasos orchim (hospitality to guests).[9][10] Dozens dined at the Herman table each week,[11] including men with social and emotional disabilities whom no one else wanted as guests.[12] Many great rabbis from Europe stayed with the Hermans while visiting the United States. Noteworthy among them were Rabbi Boruch Ber Leibowitz, rosh yeshivas Kaminetz, and his son-in-law, Rabbi Reuven Grozovsky, who stayed with the Hermans for two years;[2][13] Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda Finkel, Mir rosh yeshiva;[14] Rabbi Avraham Kalmanowitz;[14] and Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler.[15] The latter wrote to his father, Rabbi Reuven Dov Dessler, about his host during the summer of 1930:

He is a businessman brought up in America. But he is an outstanding y'rei Shamayim (God-fearing man), who observes the mitzvos of the Torah meticulously. He influences many people and guides them to become observant Jews. Reb Yaakov Yosef is known for strict adherence to the mitzvah of hachnasos orchim. On Shabbos, there are approximately twenty guests at his table.[15]

Herman lost his wholesale fur business and most of his savings in the 1929 stock market crash. Yet he continued to provide kosher meals and lodging for many guests in his home.[16]

Mitzvah pioneer edit

At a time when Orthodox observance was lax among Jews in America, Herman upheld his mitzvah observance even in the face of ridicule. He often said, "I am a soldier of the Boss, and I obey His commands".[17] He spoke out publicly against mixed dancing[18] and mixed beaches,[19] and led public protests against Sabbath desecration by pushcart peddlers on the Lower East Side.[20] For his eldest daughter's wedding in 1922, he took the unheard-of step of printing on the invitation: "Ladies, please come dressed according to the Jewish law". At the entrance to the wedding hall, he had one relative hand out shawls to women who were not properly dressed, while another relative passed out cards that read: "Men and women are asked to dance separately". Inside the hall, Herman posted a large sign that read: "All the food belongs to the Lord; after the brocho, to you". Many guests were affronted by such forthright requests, which were not widespread practice in Orthodox circles at that time.[21] While Herman's scrupulous adherence to Jewish law sometimes frustrated his children, since their religious friends did not subscribe to the same high standards, they were nevertheless proud of their father's strength and commitment.[22]

Herman encouraged others to improve their mitzvah observance by providing a shatnez-checking service;[23] arranging for the production of Cholov Yisroel (Jewish supervised) milk,[24] eighteen-minute matzos and other kosher-for-Passover products;[25] and anonymously printing Jewish calendars that listed candle-lighting times for Shabbat and Jewish holidays.[26] During the Prohibition era, he produced kosher wine in his home to ensure that other Jewish families could celebrate Shabbat and Jewish holidays according to Jewish law. He was summoned to court for his winemaking operation, but successfully argued his case that he was acting solely for religious purposes. The judge dismissed the case, and Herman continued producing and selling wine at cost until the Prohibition law was repealed.[24]

 
Rabbi Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg, one of the American boys whom Herman influenced to advance in Torah study.

At the suggestion of his father-in-law, Herman had undertaken formal Torah learning with private rabbis after his marriage.[27] This enabled him to deliver beginning and advanced shiurim (Torah lectures) to men[28] and teach religious subjects to Jewish boys in the synagogue after evening prayers.[29] He was also asked to give private mussar talks to yeshiva students.[30] Witnessing the paucity of advanced Torah education in New York City in the 1930s and 1940s, Herman encouraged promising American Jewish youth to travel to the great yeshivas of Europe. He sent approximately 50 young men to the Mir yeshiva in Poland and other European yeshivas.[31] Among the American boys he influenced were Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg, Baruch Kaplan (founder of the Bais Yaakov movement in America),[32] Shachne Zohn (future rosh yeshiva in Torah Vodaas)[33] Shmuel Schecter, and Avigdor Miller.[34] Herman met Scheinberg when the latter was 14 years old and decided that the youth would make a good husband for his third daughter, Bessie (Basha), who was then only 12.[35] When Scheinberg was 19, Herman suggested the match with his 17-year-old daughter and Scheinberg's parents agreed.[36] With the encouragement of his father-in-law, Scheinberg and his new wife spent their first five years of marriage in the town of Mir, Belarus (then Poland).[37] They lived next-door to the Mir yeshiva, where Scheinberg immersed himself in Torah study.[12] Herman also sent his son, Nochum Dovid, and his wife to Mir right after their marriage,[12][38] as well as his daughter Ruchoma and her new husband, Moshe Shain.[39]

Move to Israel edit

Herman and his wife decided to make aliyah to the Land of Israel in August 1939. They arrived on 1 September, the day World War II broke out in Europe.[40][41] Theirs was the last passenger ship to leave the United States before the war started.[42]

Herman bought a key money apartment in the Zikhron Moshe neighborhood of Jerusalem,[43] where he continued to invite dozens of guests to his Shabbat table.[44] He gave a nightly shiur (Torah lecture) in the Zikhron Moshe synagogue, as well as talks in other synagogues on Shabbat.[45] He was considered the "spiritual leader" of the Zikhron Moshe synagogue.[46]

Following the death of his wife Aidel in 1946, Herman remarried to Mirel, a widow with two married children.[47] He opened a store selling mezuzahs, tefillin, and Torah scrolls in the Mea Shearim neighborhood,[48] and also headed a loan society and charity fund.[49]

In 1964 both he and his second wife were weakened by illness. Herman moved in with his son and daughter-in-law in Jerusalem, while Mirel moved in with her daughter in Bnei Brak.[50] Mirel died in late 1966.[51] Herman died of pneumonia on 24 July 1967 (17 Tamuz 5727) at the age of 87.[52] He was buried on Har HaMenuchot.[53]

References edit

  1. ^ Silber 2002, p. 48.
  2. ^ a b Shain 1984, p. 65.
  3. ^ Shain 1984, p. 436.
  4. ^ Shain 1984, p. 33.
  5. ^ Shain 1984, p. 34.
  6. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 35–36.
  7. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 42–45.
  8. ^ Shain 1984, p. 19.
  9. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 49–51.
  10. ^ "Parshas Vayeira (5769): Abraham & Sarah's Jewish Hospitality Guide". TORCH. 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  11. ^ Shain 1984, p. 85.
  12. ^ a b c Teitelbaum, C. S. (2009). "Rebbetzin Basha Scheinberg, a"h". Hamodia. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
  13. ^ Freund, Rabbi Tuvia (2010). "'He Was All Torah': The visit that left an impression on American Jewry". Hamodia. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  14. ^ a b Shain 1984, p. 58.
  15. ^ a b Rosenblum 2000, p. 120.
  16. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 83–85.
  17. ^ Shain 1984, p. 116.
  18. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 117, 132.
  19. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 124–125.
  20. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 133–134.
  21. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 92–94.
  22. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 120, 132–133.
  23. ^ Shain 1984, p. 117.
  24. ^ a b Shain 1984, p. 152.
  25. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 153–154.
  26. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 126–127.
  27. ^ Shain 1984, p. 437.
  28. ^ Shain 1984, p. 127.
  29. ^ Shain 1984, p. 91.
  30. ^ Brog 2002, p. 63.
  31. ^ Shain 1984, p. 140.
  32. ^ Shain 1984, p. 132.
  33. ^ Shain 1984, p. 138.
  34. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 139–140.
  35. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 113–114.
  36. ^ Shain 1984, p. 115.
  37. ^ Margolis, Nechamie. A Living Sefer Torah: Rabbi Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg, shlita. Hamodia Magazine, 28 April 2011, pp. 13–18.
  38. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 112–113.
  39. ^ Shain 1984, p. 211.
  40. ^ Finkelman 1991, p. 42.
  41. ^ Shain 1984, p. 344.
  42. ^ Krohn, Rabbi Paysach (February 1998). "Of Commitments and Sacrifice". Innernet Magazine. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  43. ^ Shain 1984, p. 346.
  44. ^ Teller 1992, pp. 153–164.
  45. ^ Shain 1984, p. 349.
  46. ^ Shain 1984, p. 427.
  47. ^ Shain 1984, p. 363.
  48. ^ Shain 1984, p. 379.
  49. ^ Shain 1984, p. 388.
  50. ^ Shain 1984, p. 421.
  51. ^ Shain 1984, p. 424.
  52. ^ Shain 1984, pp. 430–431.
  53. ^ Shain 1984, p. 432.

Sources edit

External links edit

  • "All His Worldly Possessions: A Shabbat story"
  • "Torah: The best profession to teach your children"

November 25, 2023
yaakov, yosef, herman, 1880, 1967, orthodox, jewish, pioneer, united, states, early, 20th, century, native, slutsk, belarus, immigrated, with, parents, younger, sister, york, city, left, five, years, later, after, family, returned, russia, following, marriage,. Yaakov Yosef Herman 1880 1967 was an Orthodox Jewish pioneer in the United States in the early 20th century A native of Slutsk Belarus he immigrated with his parents and younger sister to New York City at the age of 8 and was left on his own five years later after his family returned to Russia Following his marriage Herman became known for feeding and lodging dozens of people in his home including visiting European rabbis seeking kosher meals He displayed a staunch commitment to mitzvah observance at a time that many abandoned their faith and urged promising young Jewish men to pursue advanced Torah study in the great yeshivas of Europe including his son in law Rabbi Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg 1910 2012 For his promulgation of Torah values to his co religionists Herman was called the Chofetz Chaim of America by Rabbi Boruch Ber Leibowitz the Kaminetz rosh yeshiva 1 who lived with the Hermans for two years while he was fundraising in the United States 2 Herman s youngest daughter Ruchoma Shain 1914 2013 immortalized his exploits in All For The Boss The life and impact of R Yaakov Yosef Herman a Torah pioneer in America An affectionate family chronicle first published by Feldheim in 1984 Yaakov Yosef HermanBornYaakov Yosef Herman1880Slutsk BelarusDied24 July 1967 age 87 Jerusalem IsraelNationalityAmericanKnown forOrthodox Jewish pioneer in AmericaSpousesAidel Andron MirelChildrenEstherFreidaNochum DovidBessieRuchomaParent s Rabbi Yitzchok Isaac and Minna Rivka Herman Contents 1 Early life 2 Open house 3 Mitzvah pioneer 4 Move to Israel 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksEarly life editHerman was the eldest child of Rabbi Yitzchok Isaac Herman and his wife Minna Rivka His father was his primary teacher until his bar mitzvah 3 Finding it difficult to earn a living in Russia and believing that it would be easier to do so in America his father emigrated with his wife son and daughter Molly in 1888 4 But in New York City he was unable to find work as a private rebbi teacher and could not keep other jobs because he refused to work on Shabbat the Jewish Sabbath Five years later he decided to return to Russia He did not have enough travel fare for all the members of the family so Yaakov Yosef at age 13 was left behind with cousins until money could be saved for his fare 5 Yaakov Yosef earned 1 25 a week working as a handy boy in a Shabbat observant fur shop in New York City His cousins charged him 1 a week for room and board A few weeks later they raised his rent to 1 25 Feeling betrayed he spent Shabbat alone in a park where he promised himself that he would host poor and homeless people in his home after he married After Shabbat ended he moved to a rooming house At work he advanced from handy boy to apprentice to professional worker and four years later he was able to send money for his parents sister and newborn brother to join him He was able to support his family in New York City on his salary enabling his father to work as a rebbi 6 At age 21 Herman met his future wife Aidel daughter of Rabbi Shmuel Yitzchok Andron one of the founders of Rabbi Jacob Joseph School on a shidduch At first Herman s mother nixed the match since Aidel s father could not afford a dowry A few months later Herman bumped into Aidel s brother Yankel Leib who asked why he had ended the shidduch Herman explained his mother s demand and Yankel Leib suggested that Herman give him 2 000 which he would present to Herman as the dowry on the night of the engagement The shidduch was concluded successfully and the couple was married on 29 December 1903 7 They had four daughters and one son 8 Open house editHerman told his bride that he wished to have an open house in which guests would be welcome for Shabbat and Jewish holidays and she agreed Thus began their business of hachnasos orchim hospitality to guests 9 10 Dozens dined at the Herman table each week 11 including men with social and emotional disabilities whom no one else wanted as guests 12 Many great rabbis from Europe stayed with the Hermans while visiting the United States Noteworthy among them were Rabbi Boruch Ber Leibowitz rosh yeshivas Kaminetz and his son in law Rabbi Reuven Grozovsky who stayed with the Hermans for two years 2 13 Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda Finkel Mir rosh yeshiva 14 Rabbi Avraham Kalmanowitz 14 and Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler 15 The latter wrote to his father Rabbi Reuven Dov Dessler about his host during the summer of 1930 He is a businessman brought up in America But he is an outstanding y rei Shamayim God fearing man who observes the mitzvos of the Torah meticulously He influences many people and guides them to become observant Jews Reb Yaakov Yosef is known for strict adherence to the mitzvah of hachnasos orchim On Shabbos there are approximately twenty guests at his table 15 Herman lost his wholesale fur business and most of his savings in the 1929 stock market crash Yet he continued to provide kosher meals and lodging for many guests in his home 16 Mitzvah pioneer editAt a time when Orthodox observance was lax among Jews in America Herman upheld his mitzvah observance even in the face of ridicule He often said I am a soldier of the Boss and I obey His commands 17 He spoke out publicly against mixed dancing 18 and mixed beaches 19 and led public protests against Sabbath desecration by pushcart peddlers on the Lower East Side 20 For his eldest daughter s wedding in 1922 he took the unheard of step of printing on the invitation Ladies please come dressed according to the Jewish law At the entrance to the wedding hall he had one relative hand out shawls to women who were not properly dressed while another relative passed out cards that read Men and women are asked to dance separately Inside the hall Herman posted a large sign that read All the food belongs to the Lord after the brocho to you Many guests were affronted by such forthright requests which were not widespread practice in Orthodox circles at that time 21 While Herman s scrupulous adherence to Jewish law sometimes frustrated his children since their religious friends did not subscribe to the same high standards they were nevertheless proud of their father s strength and commitment 22 Herman encouraged others to improve their mitzvah observance by providing a shatnez checking service 23 arranging for the production of Cholov Yisroel Jewish supervised milk 24 eighteen minute matzos and other kosher for Passover products 25 and anonymously printing Jewish calendars that listed candle lighting times for Shabbat and Jewish holidays 26 During the Prohibition era he produced kosher wine in his home to ensure that other Jewish families could celebrate Shabbat and Jewish holidays according to Jewish law He was summoned to court for his winemaking operation but successfully argued his case that he was acting solely for religious purposes The judge dismissed the case and Herman continued producing and selling wine at cost until the Prohibition law was repealed 24 nbsp Rabbi Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg one of the American boys whom Herman influenced to advance in Torah study At the suggestion of his father in law Herman had undertaken formal Torah learning with private rabbis after his marriage 27 This enabled him to deliver beginning and advanced shiurim Torah lectures to men 28 and teach religious subjects to Jewish boys in the synagogue after evening prayers 29 He was also asked to give private mussar talks to yeshiva students 30 Witnessing the paucity of advanced Torah education in New York City in the 1930s and 1940s Herman encouraged promising American Jewish youth to travel to the great yeshivas of Europe He sent approximately 50 young men to the Mir yeshiva in Poland and other European yeshivas 31 Among the American boys he influenced were Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg Baruch Kaplan founder of the Bais Yaakov movement in America 32 Shachne Zohn future rosh yeshiva in Torah Vodaas 33 Shmuel Schecter and Avigdor Miller 34 Herman met Scheinberg when the latter was 14 years old and decided that the youth would make a good husband for his third daughter Bessie Basha who was then only 12 35 When Scheinberg was 19 Herman suggested the match with his 17 year old daughter and Scheinberg s parents agreed 36 With the encouragement of his father in law Scheinberg and his new wife spent their first five years of marriage in the town of Mir Belarus then Poland 37 They lived next door to the Mir yeshiva where Scheinberg immersed himself in Torah study 12 Herman also sent his son Nochum Dovid and his wife to Mir right after their marriage 12 38 as well as his daughter Ruchoma and her new husband Moshe Shain 39 Move to Israel editHerman and his wife decided to make aliyah to the Land of Israel in August 1939 They arrived on 1 September the day World War II broke out in Europe 40 41 Theirs was the last passenger ship to leave the United States before the war started 42 Herman bought a key money apartment in the Zikhron Moshe neighborhood of Jerusalem 43 where he continued to invite dozens of guests to his Shabbat table 44 He gave a nightly shiur Torah lecture in the Zikhron Moshe synagogue as well as talks in other synagogues on Shabbat 45 He was considered the spiritual leader of the Zikhron Moshe synagogue 46 Following the death of his wife Aidel in 1946 Herman remarried to Mirel a widow with two married children 47 He opened a store selling mezuzahs tefillin and Torah scrolls in the Mea Shearim neighborhood 48 and also headed a loan society and charity fund 49 In 1964 both he and his second wife were weakened by illness Herman moved in with his son and daughter in law in Jerusalem while Mirel moved in with her daughter in Bnei Brak 50 Mirel died in late 1966 51 Herman died of pneumonia on 24 July 1967 17 Tamuz 5727 at the age of 87 52 He was buried on Har HaMenuchot 53 References edit Silber 2002 p 48 a b Shain 1984 p 65 Shain 1984 p 436 Shain 1984 p 33 Shain 1984 p 34 Shain 1984 pp 35 36 Shain 1984 pp 42 45 Shain 1984 p 19 Shain 1984 pp 49 51 Parshas Vayeira 5769 Abraham amp Sarah s Jewish Hospitality Guide TORCH 2012 Retrieved 9 May 2012 Shain 1984 p 85 a b c Teitelbaum C S 2009 Rebbetzin Basha Scheinberg a h Hamodia Retrieved 30 March 2012 Freund Rabbi Tuvia 2010 He Was All Torah The visit that left an impression on American Jewry Hamodia Retrieved 25 March 2012 a b Shain 1984 p 58 a b Rosenblum 2000 p 120 Shain 1984 pp 83 85 Shain 1984 p 116 Shain 1984 pp 117 132 Shain 1984 pp 124 125 Shain 1984 pp 133 134 Shain 1984 pp 92 94 Shain 1984 pp 120 132 133 Shain 1984 p 117 a b Shain 1984 p 152 Shain 1984 pp 153 154 Shain 1984 pp 126 127 Shain 1984 p 437 Shain 1984 p 127 Shain 1984 p 91 Brog 2002 p 63 Shain 1984 p 140 Shain 1984 p 132 Shain 1984 p 138 Shain 1984 pp 139 140 Shain 1984 pp 113 114 Shain 1984 p 115 Margolis Nechamie A Living Sefer Torah Rabbi Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg shlita Hamodia Magazine 28 April 2011 pp 13 18 Shain 1984 pp 112 113 Shain 1984 p 211 Finkelman 1991 p 42 Shain 1984 p 344 Krohn Rabbi Paysach February 1998 Of Commitments and Sacrifice Innernet Magazine Retrieved 26 March 2012 Shain 1984 p 346 Teller 1992 pp 153 164 Shain 1984 p 349 Shain 1984 p 427 Shain 1984 p 363 Shain 1984 p 379 Shain 1984 p 388 Shain 1984 p 421 Shain 1984 p 424 Shain 1984 pp 430 431 Shain 1984 p 432 Sources editBrog Rabbi Shmuel 2002 Remembering Rav Avigdor Miller in Wolpin Rabbi Nisson ed Torah Leaders A treasury of biographical sketches New York Mesorah Publications Ltd ISBN 1 57819 773 2 Finkelman Shimon 1991 Shabbos Mesorah Publications ISBN 0899066011 Rosenblum Yonason 2000 Rav Dessler The life and impact of Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler the Michtav m Eliyahu Mesorah Publications ISBN 1578195063 Shain Ruchoma 1984 All For The Boss An affectionate family chronicle of Yaakov Yosef Herman a Torah pioneer in America Feldheim Publishers ISBN 0 87306 346 5 Silber David 2002 Noble Lives Noble Deeds Vol 1 Mesorah Publications ISBN 1578195861 Teller Hanoch 1992 Give Peace A Stance Stories and advice on promoting and maintaining peace Feldheim ISBN 1881939006 External links edit All His Worldly Possessions A Shabbat story Torah The best profession to teach your children Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yaakov Yosef Herman amp oldid 1159409467, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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