Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
Nubwoserre Ya'ammu (also rendered as Ya'amu,[4] Jamu and Jaam[3]) was a ruler during the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt. This Asiatic-blooded ruler is traditionally placed in the Sixteenth Dynasty, an hypothesis still in use nowadays by scholars such as Jürgen von Beckerath;[3] although recently Kim Ryholt proposed him as the second ruler of the 14th Dynasty.[2]
| Ya'ammu Nubwoserre | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drawing of a scarab seal of Nubwoserre. Petrie Museum (UC16597)[1] | |||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||
| Reign | c.10 years, 1780-1770 BCE (Ryholt)[2] | ||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | uncertain, Yakbim Sekhaenre[2] | ||||||||||||||
| Successor | uncertain, Qareh Khawoserre[2] | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | likely 14th Dynasty[2] | ||||||||||||||
Identification edit
This ruler seems to have made little use of the cartouche – which was a pharaonic prerogative – since it was used only for the throne name, Nubwoserre, though not always.[5] His personal name never appears inside a cartouche, and is simply reported as "the son of Ra, Ya'ammu".
Similar to his suggested predecessor Yakbim Sekhaenre, there is no direct evidence that Ya'ammu's throne name was Nubwoserre: the association is based on stylistic features of the seals and was proposed by William Ayres Ward[6] and later elaborated by Ryholt;[7] Daphna Ben-Tor disputed this identification, pointing out that the seals of the many rulers living during this period are too similar to make such correlations on the basis of mere design features.[4] The Turin King List can not help with this issue since the ruler does not appear on it, likely due to a lacuna.[8]
Assuming that Ward and Ryholt were right, Nubwoserre Ya'ammu is attested by 26 rather crude scarab seals (more precisely, 19 naming Nubwoserre and 7 naming Ya'ammu);[1][9] based on that, Ryholt estimated for him a reign length of around ten years, in the interval 1780–1770 BCE.[2] However, about the events of his reign absolutely nothing is known.
Israeli Egyptologist Raphael Giveon identifies Ya'ammu with his proposed predecessor Yakbim.[3]
References edit
- ^ a b King Ya'ammu on Digitalegypt
- ^ a b c d e f Ryholt (1997), p. 200
- ^ a b c d e Nubwoserre Ya'ammu on Eglyphica.de
- ^ a b Ben-Tor (2010), pp. 99ff
- ^ Ryholt (1997), p. 45
- ^ Ward (1984), pp. 163ff
- ^ Ryholt (1997), pp. 41–47
- ^ Ryholt (1997), p. 98
- ^ Ryholt (1997), p. 199
Bibliography edit
- Ben-Tor, D. (2010). "Sequences and chronology of Second Intermediate Period royal-name scarabs, based on excavated series from Egypt and the Levant". In Marcel Marée (ed.). The Second Intermediate Period: Current Research, Future Prospects. Orientalia Lovaniensa Analecta. Vol. 192. Leuven, Paris and Walpole, MA: Uitgeverij Peeters and Departement Oosterse Studies. pp. 91–108.
- Ryholt, K. S. B. (1997). The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 BC. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-421-0.
- Ward, W. A. (1984). "Royal-name scarabs". In O. Tufnell (ed.). Scarab Seals and their Contribution to History in the Early Second Millennium B.C. Studies on Scarab Seals. Vol. 2. Warminster: Aris & Phillips. pp. 151–192.