Although the Xia only lasted from 407 to 431, its capital Tongwan situated in the Ordos Desert was a heavily fortified and state-of-the-art city that served as a frontier garrison until the Song dynasty. Its ruins were discovered during the Qing dynasty and can still be seen in present-day Inner Mongolia.
The Book of Wei also records that Liu Kuren's tribe, the Dugu, were descended from the Xiongnu. Yao Weiyuan (姚薇元) suggested in the past that 'Dugu' was an alternate form of 'Tuge' (屠各), the Xiongnu aristocratic clan that had adopted the Han Chinese surname of Liu (劉), members of which also ruled the Former Zhao state. This writer further suggests that 'Tuge' is an alternate form of 'Tuhe' (徒河), which is the branch of the Xianbei from which the Murong (慕容) were descended. The Liu (Dugu) were also known as 'Tiefu' (鐵弗), a term which meant that they had Xiongnu fathers and Xianbei mothers. Thus it is reasonable to say that the Dugu were at least half Xianbei.
All rulers of the Xia declared themselves "emperors".
^Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp. 61. ISBN0-8135-1304-9.
January 03, 2023
sixteen, kingdoms, this, article, about, state, during, sixteen, kingdoms, period, other, dynasties, named, chinese, pinyin, xià, known, historiography, 胡夏, northern, 北夏, helian, 赫連夏, great, 大夏, dynastic, state, xiongnu, origin, established, helian, bobo, duri. This article is about the state during the Sixteen Kingdoms period For other dynasties named Xia see Xia Xia Chinese 夏 pinyin Xia known in historiography as Hu Xia 胡夏 Northern Xia 北夏 Helian Xia 赫連夏 or the Great Xia 大夏 was a dynastic state of Xiongnu origin established by Helian Bobo during the Sixteen Kingdoms period in northern China Prior to establishing the Xia the imperial clan existed as a tribal entity known as the Tiefu simplified Chinese 铁弗 traditional Chinese 鐵弗 pinyin Tiefu 5 Xia夏407 431Helian Xia in 423CapitalTongwan 418 427 Shanggui 427 428 Pingliang 428 430 GovernmentMonarchyEmperor 407 425Helian Bobo 425 428Helian Chang 428 431Helian DingHistory Established407 Helian Bobo s claim of imperial title418 Fall of Tongwan11 July 427 1 2 Disestablished431 Helian Ding s death13 May 432 3 4 Preceded by Succeeded byLater QinWestern Qin Northern WeiTuyuhunLiu Song dynastyToday part ofChinaAlthough the Xia only lasted from 407 to 431 its capital Tongwan situated in the Ordos Desert was a heavily fortified and state of the art city that served as a frontier garrison until the Song dynasty Its ruins were discovered during the Qing dynasty and can still be seen in present day Inner Mongolia The Book of Wei also records that Liu Kuren s tribe the Dugu were descended from the Xiongnu Yao Weiyuan 姚薇元 suggested in the past that Dugu was an alternate form of Tuge 屠各 the Xiongnu aristocratic clan that had adopted the Han Chinese surname of Liu 劉 members of which also ruled the Former Zhao state This writer further suggests that Tuge is an alternate form of Tuhe 徒河 which is the branch of the Xianbei from which the Murong 慕容 were descended The Liu Dugu were also known as Tiefu 鐵弗 a term which meant that they had Xiongnu fathers and Xianbei mothers Thus it is reasonable to say that the Dugu were at least half Xianbei All rulers of the Xia declared themselves emperors Contents 1 Chieftains of the Tiefu and rulers of the Xia 2 Rulers family tree 3 See also 4 ReferencesChieftains of the Tiefu and rulers of the Xia EditTemple name Posthumous names Personal name Durations of reign Era namesChieftains of the Tiefu Liu Qubei 劉去卑 260 272 Liu Gaoshengyuan 劉誥升爰 272 309 Liu Hu 劉虎 309 341 Liu Wuheng 劉務恆 341 356 Liu Eloutou 劉閼陋頭 356 358 Liu Xiwuqi 劉悉勿祈 358 359 Liu Weichen 劉衞辰 359 391 Liu Bobo 391 407 Rulers of the XiaShizu Wulie Helian Bobo same person as Liu Bobo 407 425 Longsheng 龍升 407 413 Fengxiang 鳳翔 413 418 Changwu 昌武 418 419 Zhenxing 眞興 419 425 Helian Chang 425 428 Chengguang 承光 425 428 Helian Ding 428 431 Shengguang 勝光 428 431Rulers family tree EditXiaYufuluo 於夫羅b 150 d 196Chizhishizhuhou 持至尸逐侯 r 188 195 Liu Bao 劉豹 d r 216 260 Liu Qubei 劉去卑d 272 r 260 272See Han Former ZhaoLiu Meng 刘猛d 272Liu Gaoshengyuan劉誥升爰 d 309 r 272 309Fu Lun副仑Lu Gu 路孤Liu Hu 劉虎 乌路孤 d 341 r 309 341Liu Wuheng 劉務恒 d 356 r 341 356Liu Eloutou 劉閼陋頭r 356 358Liu Xiwuqi 劉悉勿祈r 358 359Liu Weichen 劉衛辰d 391 r 359 391You Dedai右地代 Li Qiti力俟提Ali Luoyin阿利罗引Zhi Lidi直力鞮Wei Fa韦伐Helian Bobo 赫連勃勃b 381 d 425Wulie 武烈 r 407 425Ruo Men若门Chi Yijian叱以鞬Yi Dou乙斗Wen Chen文陈 Luo Ti罗提Helian Zhuxing赫連助興Helian Weiyidai赫連謂以代Helian Duluogu赫連度洛孤Helian Shegan赫連社干Helian Wushiba赫連烏視拔Helian Tugu赫連禿骨Helian An 赫連安Suruo Dougen宿若豆根Yi Sheng乙升Helian Gui赫連璝 d 424Helian Yan赫連延Helian Chang 赫連昌d 434 r 425 428Helian Lun赫连伦 d 424Helian Ding 赫連定 d 432 r 428 431Helian Man赫連滿Empress Heliand 453Empress Taiwu太武皇后 432 452 Su Dagan宿沓干daughterwife of Luo Ti 罗提HelianDouwuyu赫连豆勿于Su Shi宿石 Su Ni宿倪Helian Ziyue赫连子悦Helian Zhungzhang赫连仲章See also EditXiongnu Wu Hu List of past Chinese ethnic groups Tongwan Xia Dynasty Western XiaReferences Edit 中央研究院網站 Zizhi Tongjian vol 120 中央研究院網站 Zizhi Tongjian vol 122 Grousset Rene 1970 The Empire of the Steppes Rutgers University Press pp 61 ISBN 0 8135 1304 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Xia Sixteen Kingdoms amp oldid 1117924333, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
