The X-Group Culture (ca. 300-600 AD) was an ancient Nubian civilization that existed in Lower Nubia.[2] Cemetery excavations revealed that the civilization stretched from the Dodekaschoinos in the north to Delgo in the south.
A royal crown from the post-Meroitic and pre-Christian period of Nubia. It was found in Ballana by W.B. Emery in tomb 118.[1]
Excavationsedit
George A. Reisner coined the term X-Group Culture for lack of a more exact historical definition.[3] This anonymous type of terminology has been replaced by the term Ballana culture due to the increase of knowledge and new findings in Qustul and Ballana as proposed by Bruce Trigger.[4]
According to Egyptologists Keith Seele and Bruce Williams, the burials of X-Group are evidence of an evolution from the earlier Meroitic graves to those at Ballana, which were principally Nubian in origin along with the majority of the items found within them. In one royal tomb, a queen was discovered, accompanied by seventeen human sacrifices. Another royal tomb contained a body of a man who likely a king, offerings of food and drinks, and his personal items, such as a crown, board game and weapons.[2]
Galleryedit
Saddle with frame, c. AD 375
Sandals from Qustul, c. AD 370–410
Pottery from X-Group burial, Wadi Qitna and Kalabsha South
Referencesedit
^W.B. Emery, Nubian Treasure: An Account of the Discoveries at Ballana and Qustul, London 1948. pl. 13A
^ abLacovara, Peter; Ikram, Salima (2012). Fisher, Marjorie M. (ed.). Ancient Nubia: African Kingdoms on the Nile. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. pp. 10, 352, 354–355. ISBN978-977-416-478-1.
^G. Mokhtar, General History of Africa II. Ancient Civilizations of Africa, 1981, ISBN0435948059,p.326.
^Bruce Trigger, History and Settlement in Lower Nubia. New Haven: Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 1965.
January 01, 1970
group, culture, group, culture, ancient, nubian, civilization, that, existed, lower, nubia, cemetery, excavations, revealed, that, civilization, stretched, from, dodekaschoinos, north, delgo, south, royal, crown, from, post, meroitic, christian, period, nubia,. The X Group Culture ca 300 600 AD was an ancient Nubian civilization that existed in Lower Nubia 2 Cemetery excavations revealed that the civilization stretched from the Dodekaschoinos in the north to Delgo in the south A royal crown from the post Meroitic and pre Christian period of Nubia It was found in Ballana by W B Emery in tomb 118 1 Excavations editGeorge A Reisner coined the term X Group Culture for lack of a more exact historical definition 3 This anonymous type of terminology has been replaced by the term Ballana culture due to the increase of knowledge and new findings in Qustul and Ballana as proposed by Bruce Trigger 4 According to Egyptologists Keith Seele and Bruce Williams the burials of X Group are evidence of an evolution from the earlier Meroitic graves to those at Ballana which were principally Nubian in origin along with the majority of the items found within them In one royal tomb a queen was discovered accompanied by seventeen human sacrifices Another royal tomb contained a body of a man who likely a king offerings of food and drinks and his personal items such as a crown board game and weapons 2 Gallery edit nbsp Saddle with frame c AD 375 nbsp Sandals from Qustul c AD 370 410 nbsp Pottery from X Group burial Wadi Qitna and Kalabsha SouthReferences edit W B Emery Nubian Treasure An Account of the Discoveries at Ballana and Qustul London 1948 pl 13A a b Lacovara Peter Ikram Salima 2012 Fisher Marjorie M ed Ancient Nubia African Kingdoms on the Nile Cairo American University in Cairo Press pp 10 352 354 355 ISBN 978 977 416 478 1 G Mokhtar General History of Africa II Ancient Civilizations of Africa 1981 ISBN 0435948059 p 326 Bruce Trigger History and Settlement in Lower Nubia New Haven Yale University Publications in Anthropology 1965 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title X Group culture amp oldid 1218733262, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
