The term woodboring beetle encompasses many species and families of beetles whose larval or adult forms eat and destroy wood (i.e., are xylophagous).[1] In the woodworking industry, larval stages of some are sometimes referred to as woodworms. The three most species-rich families of woodboring beetles are longhorn beetles, bark beetles and weevils, and metallic flat-headed borers. Woodboring is thought to be the ancestral ecology of beetles, and bores made by beetles in fossil wood extend back to the earliest fossil record of beetles in the Early Permian (Asselian), around 295-300 million years ago.[2]
Woodboring beetles most often attack dying or dead trees. In forest settings, they are important in the turnover of trees by culling weak trees, thus allowing new growth to occur.[3] They are also important as primary decomposers of trees within forest systems, allowing for the recycling of nutrients locked away in the relatively decay-resilient woody material of trees. To develop and reach maturity woodboring beetles need nutrients provided by fungi from outside of the inhabited wood.[4][5] These nutrients are not only assimilated into the beetles' bodies but also are concentrated in their frass, contributing to soil nutrients cycles.[6] Though the vast majority of woodboring beetles are ecologically important and economically benign, some species can become economic pests by attacking relatively healthy trees (e.g. Asian longhorn beetle, emerald ash borer) or by infesting downed trees in lumber yards. Species such as the Asian longhorn beetle and the emerald ash borer are examples of invasive species that threaten natural forest ecosystems.
Woodboring beetles are commonly detected a few years after new construction. The lumber supply may have contained wood infected with beetle eggs or larvae, and since beetle life cycles can be one or more years, several years may pass before the presence of beetles becomes noticeable. In many cases, the beetles will be of a type that only attacks living wood, and thus incapable of "infesting" any other pieces of wood, or doing any further damage.[citation needed]
Genuine infestations are far more likely in areas with high humidity, such as poorly ventilated crawl spaces. Housing with central heating/air-conditioning tends to cut the humidity of wood in the living areas to less than half of natural humidity, thus strongly reducing the likelihood of an infestation. Some species will infest furniture.
Some beetles invade wood used in construction and furniture making; others limit their activity to forests or roots of living trees. The following lists some of those beetles that are house pests.
^Hickin, Norman E. (19 June 1958). "Woodworm and its control". New Scientist. 4 (83): 202–204.
^Feng, Zhuo; Bertling, Markus; Noll, Robert; Ślipiński, Adam; Rößler, Ronny (September 2019). "Beetle borings in wood with host response in early Permian conifers from Germany". PalZ. 93 (3): 409–421. doi:10.1007/s12542-019-00476-9. ISSN 0031-0220. S2CID 200040877.
^Feller, Ilka C. (2002). "The Role of Herbivory by Wood-Boring Insects in Mangrove Ecosystems in Belize". Oikos. 97 (2): 167–176. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970202.x. ISSN 0030-1299. JSTOR 3547406.
^Filipiak, Michał; Weiner, January (2014-12-23). "How to Make a Beetle Out of Wood: Multi-Elemental Stoichiometry of Wood Decay, Xylophagy and Fungivory". PLOS ONE. 9 (12): e115104. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k5104F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115104. PMC4275229. PMID 25536334.
^Filipiak, Michał; Sobczyk, Łukasz; Weiner, January (2016-04-09). "Fungal Transformation of Tree Stumps into a Suitable Resource for Xylophagous Beetles via Changes in Elemental Ratios". Insects. 7 (2): 13. doi:10.3390/insects7020013. PMC4931425.
^Chen, Yi-an; Forschler, Brian T. (2016-03-01). "Elemental concentrations in the frass of saproxylic insects suggest a role in micronutrient cycling". Ecosphere. 7 (3): e01300. doi:10.1002/ecs2.1300. ISSN 2150-8925.
Barb Ogg. "Wood-destroying Beetles". University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension in Lancaster County. Retrieved 2013-06-05.
John A. Jackman. "Structure-Infesting Wood-Boring Beetles". Texas A&M University Department of Entomology. Retrieved 2013-06-05.
February 15, 2024
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The term woodboring beetle encompasses many species and families of beetles whose larval or adult forms eat and destroy wood i e are xylophagous 1 In the woodworking industry larval stages of some are sometimes referred to as woodworms The three most species rich families of woodboring beetles are longhorn beetles bark beetles and weevils and metallic flat headed borers Woodboring is thought to be the ancestral ecology of beetles and bores made by beetles in fossil wood extend back to the earliest fossil record of beetles in the Early Permian Asselian around 295 300 million years ago 2 Woodboring beetle Contents 1 Ecology 2 Invasion and control 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksEcology editWoodboring beetles most often attack dying or dead trees In forest settings they are important in the turnover of trees by culling weak trees thus allowing new growth to occur 3 They are also important as primary decomposers of trees within forest systems allowing for the recycling of nutrients locked away in the relatively decay resilient woody material of trees To develop and reach maturity woodboring beetles need nutrients provided by fungi from outside of the inhabited wood 4 5 These nutrients are not only assimilated into the beetles bodies but also are concentrated in their frass contributing to soil nutrients cycles 6 Though the vast majority of woodboring beetles are ecologically important and economically benign some species can become economic pests by attacking relatively healthy trees e g Asian longhorn beetle emerald ash borer or by infesting downed trees in lumber yards Species such as the Asian longhorn beetle and the emerald ash borer are examples of invasive species that threaten natural forest ecosystems Invasion and control edit nbsp Fragment of a broomstick affected by woodwormWoodboring beetles are commonly detected a few years after new construction The lumber supply may have contained wood infected with beetle eggs or larvae and since beetle life cycles can be one or more years several years may pass before the presence of beetles becomes noticeable In many cases the beetles will be of a type that only attacks living wood and thus incapable of infesting any other pieces of wood or doing any further damage citation needed Genuine infestations are far more likely in areas with high humidity such as poorly ventilated crawl spaces Housing with central heating air conditioning tends to cut the humidity of wood in the living areas to less than half of natural humidity thus strongly reducing the likelihood of an infestation Some species will infest furniture Some beetles invade wood used in construction and furniture making others limit their activity to forests or roots of living trees The following lists some of those beetles that are house pests Ambrosia beetle Common furniture beetle Deathwatch beetle Flat headed wood borer Powderpost beetle Ptinidae Bostrichidae Old house borerSee also editBark beetles and weevils Carpenter ants Longhorn beetles Metallic flat headed borers Termites Wood antsReferences edit Hickin Norman E 19 June 1958 Woodworm and its control New Scientist 4 83 202 204 Feng Zhuo Bertling Markus Noll Robert Slipinski Adam Rossler Ronny September 2019 Beetle borings in wood with host response in early Permian conifers from Germany PalZ 93 3 409 421 doi 10 1007 s12542 019 00476 9 ISSN 0031 0220 S2CID 200040877 Feller Ilka C 2002 The Role of Herbivory by Wood Boring Insects in Mangrove Ecosystems in Belize Oikos 97 2 167 176 doi 10 1034 j 1600 0706 2002 970202 x ISSN 0030 1299 JSTOR 3547406 Filipiak Michal Weiner January 2014 12 23 How to Make a Beetle Out of Wood Multi Elemental Stoichiometry of Wood Decay Xylophagy and Fungivory PLOS ONE 9 12 e115104 Bibcode 2014PLoSO 9k5104F doi 10 1371 journal pone 0115104 PMC 4275229 PMID 25536334 Filipiak Michal Sobczyk Lukasz Weiner January 2016 04 09 Fungal Transformation of Tree Stumps into a Suitable Resource for Xylophagous Beetles via Changes in Elemental Ratios Insects 7 2 13 doi 10 3390 insects7020013 PMC 4931425 Chen Yi an Forschler Brian T 2016 03 01 Elemental concentrations in the frass of saproxylic insects suggest a role in micronutrient cycling Ecosphere 7 3 e01300 doi 10 1002 ecs2 1300 ISSN 2150 8925 External links editV R Lewis S J Seybold Wood Boring Beetles in Homes University of California Davis Retrieved 2013 06 05 Barb Ogg Wood destroying Beetles University of Nebraska Lincoln Extension in Lancaster County Retrieved 2013 06 05 John A Jackman Structure Infesting Wood Boring Beetles Texas A amp M University Department of Entomology Retrieved 2013 06 05 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Woodboring beetle amp oldid 1180948825, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
