In 1940, a study of 314 women in New Zealand and Australia was done. Most of the women in the study were middle class, conservative, Protestant and white. The study found that 183 participated in sport. The nineteenth most popular sport that these women participated in was surfing, with 2 having played the sport. The sport was tied with cricket, mountaineering, and rowing.[1]
Isabel Letham was one of the early icons of women's surfing in Australia. She inspired several women including Pam Burridge.[2]
During the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, women's surfing saw a large expansion in the number of competitors.[3] Since then one-third of Australia's Surfing population are female.[4]
Women's competitive surfing did not develop as quickly as men. This is due to many female competitions being cancelled at short notice leading to irregular competitions. Women also earned considerably less than men. In the 1984 Beaurepaire Open, women competed for A$5,000, whilst men A$95,000.[4][5]
Surf lifesaving in Australia banned women from rescue work and competition in 1914: "conquering the sea was a man's prerogative and women were deemed physically too weak to carry a heavy belt and line or to swim competitively in surf races" (Booth, 2007).[6]
Pam Burridge was one of the most influential women in Australian surfing to push for equality between the men's and women's parts of the sport. She competed in an era when men and women did not earn comparable prize money. She shocked many in the surfing community by chasing after and successfully surfing big waves, waves women were typically not known to surf.[9]
In 2012, a study was completed by Laura Fendt & Erica Wilson which looked at the motivations and constraints experienced by women in relation to surfing and surf-related travel. This study was conducted by facilitating in-depth interviews with 20 women surfers in New South Wales, Australia. The interview was structured around questions designed to provoke a more in-depth response from participants. On completion of the study the following table of results was constructed using the responses of the 20 interviewed women.[11]
^* The numbers in this column do not equal 20 as each woman has stated several constraints[11]
Performance Differences Between Men and Womenedit
Due to the natural differences in strength between men and women, competitions have always been segregated between the sexes. The main aspect of surfing which gives male athletes an advantage in competition is the pop up phase. The pop-up movement occurs when the surfer has gained enough speed in the paddling stage to catch the wave and is complete. Once this momentum has been gained an explosive movement occurs as the surfer pushes off the board to stand on their feet.[12][13]
A study was conducted at the California State University[note 1] to measure the exact advantage that men had over women in this pop-up stage. Men and women of the same ages were asked to perform three pop-ups on a plate that would measure relative peak force, relative rate of force development, peak velocity, rate of velocity development and relative power. In all of these criteria, men produced significantly better results.
It was then concluded from these results that female surfers are not physically able to perform the pop-up action with forces equal to that of their male competitors.
^ abBooth, Douglas (2001). "From Bikinis to Boardshorts: Wahines and the Paradoxes of Surfing Culture". Journal of Sport History. 28 (1): 3–22. PMID 17561560.
^George, S (2008). "Only in Australia: why professional surfing is the thickest thread in Australia's cultural fabric". Surfer. 49 (5): 152. ISSN 0039-6036. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^Booth, Douglas (2007). "Surf lifesaving: the development of an Australasian 'sport'". The International Journal of the History of Sport. 17 (2–3): 166–187. doi:10.1080/09523360008714132. PMID 18939357. S2CID 216149283.[dead link]
^ abcdCliff, Paul, ed. (1999). A sporting nation, Celebrating Australia's sporting life. Canberra, Australia: National Library of Australia. p. 73. ISBN978-0-642-10704-6.
^Australia's wide world of sports. Pymble, N.S.W.: Angus & Robertson. 1993. p. 20. ISBN978-0-207-17485-8. OCLC 38340671.
^Australia's wide world of sports. Pymble, N.S.W.: Angus & Robertson. 1993. p. 25. ISBN978-0-207-17485-8. OCLC 38340671.
^ abFendt, Laura Sophia; Wilson, Erica (1 April 2012). "'I just push through the barriers because I live for surfing': how women negotiate their constraints to surf tourism". Annals of Leisure Research. 15 (1): 4–18. doi:10.1080/11745398.2012.670960. ISSN 1174-5398. S2CID 167313075.
^Everline, C. (2007). Shortboard performance surfing: A qualitative assessment of maneuvers and a sample periodized strength and conditioning program in and out of the water. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 29(3), 32-40.
^Eurich, A. D., Brown, L. E., Coburn, J. W., Noffal, G. J., Nguyen, D., Khamoui, A. V., & Uribe, B. P. (2010). Performance differences between sexes in the pop-up phase of surfing. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2821–2825. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181f0a77f
Stell, Marion K. (1991). Half the Race, A history of Australian women in sport. North Ryde, Australia: HarperCollins. ISBN978-0-207-16971-7.
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In 1940 a study of 314 women in New Zealand and Australia was done Most of the women in the study were middle class conservative Protestant and white The study found that 183 participated in sport The nineteenth most popular sport that these women participated in was surfing with 2 having played the sport The sport was tied with cricket mountaineering and rowing 1 2007 Surfest started at Merewether Beach Isabel Letham was one of the early icons of women s surfing in Australia She inspired several women including Pam Burridge 2 During the 1970s 1980s and 1990s women s surfing saw a large expansion in the number of competitors 3 Since then one third of Australia s Surfing population are female 4 Women s competitive surfing did not develop as quickly as men This is due to many female competitions being cancelled at short notice leading to irregular competitions Women also earned considerably less than men In the 1984 Beaurepaire Open women competed for A 5 000 whilst men A 95 000 4 5 Surf lifesaving in Australia banned women from rescue work and competition in 1914 conquering the sea was a man s prerogative and women were deemed physically too weak to carry a heavy belt and line or to swim competitively in surf races Booth 2007 6 Australia has produced several women s world champions including Pam Burridge Pauline Menczer and Wendy Botha 7 8 Pam Burridge was one of the most influential women in Australian surfing to push for equality between the men s and women s parts of the sport She competed in an era when men and women did not earn comparable prize money She shocked many in the surfing community by chasing after and successfully surfing big waves waves women were typically not known to surf 9 Contents 1 Notable Women in Australian Surfing 2 Female Australian World Title Holders 3 Constraints for Women in Surfing 4 Performance Differences Between Men and Women 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 BibliographyNotable Women in Australian Surfing editPam Burridge 7 Pauline Menczer 7 Wendy Botha 7 Female Australian World Title Holders edit1989 Wendy Botha 1990 Pam Burridge 1991 Wendy Botha 1992 Wendy Botha 1993 Pauline Menczer 1998 Layne Beachley 1999 Layne Beachley 2000 Layne Beachley 2001 Layne Beachley 2002 Layne Beachley 2003 Layne Beachley 2005 Chelsea Georgeson 2006 Layne Beachley 2007 Stephanie Gilmore 2008 Stephanie Gilmore 2009 Stephanie Gilmore 2010 Stephanie Gilmore 2012 Stephanie Gilmore 2014 Stephanie Gilmore 10 Constraints for Women in Surfing editIn 2012 a study was completed by Laura Fendt amp Erica Wilson which looked at the motivations and constraints experienced by women in relation to surfing and surf related travel This study was conducted by facilitating in depth interviews with 20 women surfers in New South Wales Australia The interview was structured around questions designed to provoke a more in depth response from participants On completion of the study the following table of results was constructed using the responses of the 20 interviewed women 11 Category Constraints Number of References Personal Not knowing what to expect 12 Being in the minority as a female surfer 8 Staying healthy 7 Staying safe 4 Negotiating travel plans with family and partner 4 Experiencing self doubts about surfing ability 2 Socio Cultural Encountering localism 6 Differing attitudes between home and host country 5 Trusting surf travel countries 2 Finding compatible travel companions 2 Battling the crowds 2 Practical Managing Logistics 8 Facing Financial limitations 7 Finding the time 3 The numbers in this column do not equal 20 as each woman has stated several constraints 11 Performance Differences Between Men and Women editDue to the natural differences in strength between men and women competitions have always been segregated between the sexes The main aspect of surfing which gives male athletes an advantage in competition is the pop up phase The pop up movement occurs when the surfer has gained enough speed in the paddling stage to catch the wave and is complete Once this momentum has been gained an explosive movement occurs as the surfer pushes off the board to stand on their feet 12 13 A study was conducted at the California State University note 1 to measure the exact advantage that men had over women in this pop up stage Men and women of the same ages were asked to perform three pop ups on a plate that would measure relative peak force relative rate of force development peak velocity rate of velocity development and relative power In all of these criteria men produced significantly better results It was then concluded from these results that female surfers are not physically able to perform the pop up action with forces equal to that of their male competitors See also edit nbsp Australia portal nbsp Sports portal Surfing Australia Surfing in Australia Women s surfingNotes edit While this study was conducted in America it still has significant relevance to surfers in Australia References edit Stell 1991 p 75 She s Game Women Making Australian Sporting History Isabel Letham Womenaustralia info Retrieved 26 December 2011 Stell 1991 p 252 a b Booth Douglas 2001 From Bikinis to Boardshorts Wahines and the Paradoxes of Surfing Culture Journal of Sport History 28 1 3 22 PMID 17561560 George S 2008 Only in Australia why professional surfing is the thickest thread in Australia s cultural fabric Surfer 49 5 152 ISSN 0039 6036 Retrieved 16 April 2015 Booth Douglas 2007 Surf lifesaving the development of an Australasian sport The International Journal of the History of Sport 17 2 3 166 187 doi 10 1080 09523360008714132 PMID 18939357 S2CID 216149283 dead link a b c d Cliff Paul ed 1999 A sporting nation Celebrating Australia s sporting life Canberra Australia National Library of Australia p 73 ISBN 978 0 642 10704 6 Australia s wide world of sports Pymble N S W Angus amp Robertson 1993 p 20 ISBN 978 0 207 17485 8 OCLC 38340671 Australia s wide world of sports Pymble N S W Angus amp Robertson 1993 p 25 ISBN 978 0 207 17485 8 OCLC 38340671 World Champions World Surf League 2015 a b Fendt Laura Sophia Wilson Erica 1 April 2012 I just push through the barriers because I live for surfing how women negotiate their constraints to surf tourism Annals of Leisure Research 15 1 4 18 doi 10 1080 11745398 2012 670960 ISSN 1174 5398 S2CID 167313075 Everline C 2007 Shortboard performance surfing A qualitative assessment of maneuvers and a sample periodized strength and conditioning program in and out of the water Strength and Conditioning Journal 29 3 32 40 Eurich A D Brown L E Coburn J W Noffal G J Nguyen D Khamoui A V amp Uribe B P 2010 Performance differences between sexes in the pop up phase of surfing Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 24 10 2821 2825 doi 10 1519 JSC 0b013e3181f0a77fBibliography editWomen s surfing in Australia at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity nbsp Travel information from Wikivoyage nbsp Data from Wikidata Stell Marion K 1991 Half the Race A history of Australian women in sport North Ryde Australia HarperCollins ISBN 978 0 207 16971 7 Listen to this article 1 minute source source nbsp This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 6 June 2012 2012 06 06 and does not reflect subsequent edits Audio help More spoken articles Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Women 27s surfing in Australia amp oldid 1214650472, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
