A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Historically, wind roses were predecessors of the compass rose (found on charts), as there was no differentiation between a cardinal direction and the wind which blew from such a direction. Using a polar coordinate system of gridding, the frequency of winds over a time period is plotted by wind direction, with colour bands showing wind speed ranges. The direction of the longest spoke shows the wind direction with the greatest frequency.
Four charts of the wind, 18th-century illustration based on medieval wind roses
The Tower of the Winds in Athens, of about 50 BC is in effect a physical wind rose, as an octagonal tower with eight large reliefs of the winds near the top. It was designed by Andronicus of Cyrrhus, who seems to have written a book on the winds. A passage in Vitruvius's chapter on town planning in his On Architecture (De architectura) seems to be based on this missing book. The emphasis is on planning street orientations to maximize the benefits, and minimize the harms, from the various winds. The London Vitruvius, the oldest surviving manuscript, includes only one of the original illustrations, a rather crudely drawn wind rose in the margin. This was written in Germany in about 800 to 825, probably at the abbey of Saint Pantaleon, Cologne.[1]
Before the development of the compass rose, a wind rose was included on maps in order to let the reader know which directions the 8 major winds (and sometimes 8 half-winds and 16 quarter-winds) blew within the plan view. No differentiation was made between cardinal directions and the winds which blew from those directions. North was depicted with a fleur de lis, while east was shown as a Christian cross to indicate the direction of Jerusalem from Europe.[2][3]
Useedit
Presented in a circular format, the modern wind rose shows the frequency of winds blowing from particular directions over a specified period. The length of each "spoke" around the circle is related to the frequency that the wind blows from a particular direction per unit time. Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles. A wind rose plot may contain additional information, in that each spoke is broken down into colour-coded bands that show wind speed ranges. Wind roses typically use 16 cardinal directions, such as north (N), NNE, NE, etc., although they may be subdivided into as many as 32 directions.[4][5] In terms of angle measurement in degrees, North corresponds to 0°/360°, East to 90°, South to 180° and West to 270°.
Compiling a wind rose is one of the preliminary steps taken in constructing airportrunways, as aircraft can have a lower ground speed at both landing and takeoff when pointing against the wind.
^Wind Rose Data by folders by States, to sub-folders by cities Retrieved on 2022-09-03.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wind roses.
Wind Rose Data for the U.S.
. January 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09.
"Make wind rose diagrams on line". www.windrose.xyz. Retrieved 22 Oct 2020.
February 15, 2024
wind, rose, compass, subdivision, called, wind, rose, compass, rose, ukrainian, airline, called, windrose, wind, rose, aviation, italian, band, wind, rose, band, wind, rose, graphic, tool, used, meteorologists, give, succinct, view, wind, speed, direction, typ. For the compass subdivision called wind rose see Compass rose For the Ukrainian airline called Windrose see Wind Rose Aviation For the Italian band see Wind Rose band A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location Historically wind roses were predecessors of the compass rose found on charts as there was no differentiation between a cardinal direction and the wind which blew from such a direction Using a polar coordinate system of gridding the frequency of winds over a time period is plotted by wind direction with colour bands showing wind speed ranges The direction of the longest spoke shows the wind direction with the greatest frequency Wind rose plot for LaGuardia Airport LGA New York New York 2008 Contents 1 History 2 Use 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory edit nbsp Four charts of the wind 18th century illustration based on medieval wind rosesThe Tower of the Winds in Athens of about 50 BC is in effect a physical wind rose as an octagonal tower with eight large reliefs of the winds near the top It was designed by Andronicus of Cyrrhus who seems to have written a book on the winds A passage in Vitruvius s chapter on town planning in his On Architecture De architectura seems to be based on this missing book The emphasis is on planning street orientations to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms from the various winds The London Vitruvius the oldest surviving manuscript includes only one of the original illustrations a rather crudely drawn wind rose in the margin This was written in Germany in about 800 to 825 probably at the abbey of Saint Pantaleon Cologne 1 Before the development of the compass rose a wind rose was included on maps in order to let the reader know which directions the 8 major winds and sometimes 8 half winds and 16 quarter winds blew within the plan view No differentiation was made between cardinal directions and the winds which blew from those directions North was depicted with a fleur de lis while east was shown as a Christian cross to indicate the direction of Jerusalem from Europe 2 3 Use editPresented in a circular format the modern wind rose shows the frequency of winds blowing from particular directions over a specified period The length of each spoke around the circle is related to the frequency that the wind blows from a particular direction per unit time Each concentric circle represents a different frequency emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles A wind rose plot may contain additional information in that each spoke is broken down into colour coded bands that show wind speed ranges Wind roses typically use 16 cardinal directions such as north N NNE NE etc although they may be subdivided into as many as 32 directions 4 5 In terms of angle measurement in degrees North corresponds to 0 360 East to 90 South to 180 and West to 270 Compiling a wind rose is one of the preliminary steps taken in constructing airport runways as aircraft can have a lower ground speed at both landing and takeoff when pointing against the wind See also editPelorus instrument Compass rose Rhumbline network Wind Rose band References edit Detailed record for Harley 2767 British Library Dan Reboussin 2005 Wind Rose University of Florida Retrieved on 2009 04 26 Thoen Bill Origins of the Compass Rose GISNet Retrieved 2011 12 18 Jan Curtis 2007 Wind Rose Data Natural Resources Conservation Service Retrieved on 2009 04 26 Wind Rose Data by folders by States to sub folders by cities Retrieved on 2022 09 03 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wind roses Wind Rose Data for the U S Carrie Bow Cay Wind Rose January 2006 Archived from the original on 2007 10 09 Make wind rose diagrams on line www windrose xyz Retrieved 22 Oct 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wind rose amp oldid 1181512308, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
