fbpx
Wikipedia

Willis G. Hale

January 30, 2023

Willis Gaylord Hale (January 1848, Seneca Falls, New York – August 29, 1907, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was a late-19th century architect who worked primarily in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His flamboyant, highly-ornate style was popular in the 1880s and 1890s, but quickly fell out of fashion at the dawn of the 20th century.

Willis Gaylord Hale in 1901

Life and career

According to the Biographical Album of Prominent Pennsylvanians (1890), Willis Hale became an architect through training in a series of offices: "His preliminary education was obtained at the academy at Seneca Falls, Cayuga Lake Academy at Aurora, and at the Auburn High School, where he finished his schooling. While still a pupil he ran away to join the army, but was too young to be enrolled, and was compelled to forgo his patriotic resolve. After quitting school he was given the choice of a three years' course at Ann Arbor University to study engineering, or an opportunity to study architecture. His tastes inclining more to the latter profession he decided to adopt it, and began study in Buffalo, going later to Rochester, and finally to Philadelphia, where he entered the office of Samuel Sloan, and later had Mr. John McArthur, Jr. as his preceptor. In 1873 he established himself in business at Wilkes Barre, Pa. ; but the troubles in the coal regions caused such a depression in all kinds of business that he returned, on November 2, 1876, to Philadelphia, where he opened an office and met with almost immediate success."[1]

Hale married a niece of chemical manufacturer William Weightman, the largest landowner in the city. Hale designed dozens of blocks of middle-class housing for Weightman, especially in North and West Philadelphia. His lively facades often contrasted sculpture, tile, inventive brick- and stone-work, in an exuberant high-Victorian style: "Hale's genius was to take ... essentially identical rowhouses, with their mass-produced industrial parts and lathe-turned woodwork, and to make them distinctive."[2] He designed a country house for Weightman in West Germantown: "Ravenhill" (now part of Thomas Jefferson University).

 
Peter A. B. Widener Mansion, Broad St. & Girard Ave., Philadelphia, PA (1887, demolished). Widener's art gallery at far left, also by Hale, was added in 1892.

He also designed urban developments for street-car magnates Peter A. B. Widener and William L. Elkins, and a massive city house for Widener at the corner of Broad Street and Girard Avenue.

Widener's city house was one of the most notable in Philadelphia. An ornate Flemish-style eclectic design in highly-wrought brownstone and brick, it had a 53-foot (16.2 m) facade on Broad Street and a 144-foot (43.9 m) facade on Girard Avenue. The over-the-top interiors were decorated by George Herzog, and included buxom nudes as newel posts, walls embellished with alabaster and bronze, and murals of the Widener children in Renaissance dress.[3] Almost an anachronism when completed in 1887, the family lived there only a dozen years before building a sedate neo-Georgian palace in the suburbs: Lynnewood Hall. The city house served as a branch of the Free Library of Philadelphia, 1900–1946; the offices of an architectural firm, and in 1970 became the Conwell School of Theology's Institute for Black Ministries.[4] It suffered a catastrophic fire in 1980, and was demolished.

In 1892, Hale designed the Lorraine Apartment House at Broad and Fairmount Streets in Philadelphia, completed in 1894. Purchased by radio evangelist Father Divine in 1948, the building is now known as the Divine Lorraine Hotel.

 
Hale (Lucas) Building in 1889. "Perhaps the most bizarre-looking skyscraper of the nineteenth century."[5]

Hale designed numerous ornate office buildings in Center City Philadelphia, but few survive unaltered. He built his own office building at the southwest corner of Chestnut and Juniper Streets (1887, expanded 1892, altered), an unsuccessful investment that almost bankrupted him. The critic for the magazine Architectural Record declared it an "architectural aberration":

Consider the Hale Building, how it grows. The problem was to erect a seven-story office building with a narrow front on the principal street, and with rooms devoted to similar purposes and of similar dimensions throughout. The danger was that this uniformity would produce monotony. There is nothing of which your Philadelphia architect is so afraid as of monotony. In fact it is the only architectural defect of which he seems to go in fear. Variety he must have at all cost, and by securing variety he makes sure that he has avoided monotony, whereas in truth his heterogeneousness is more tiresome than any repetition could be. ...[E]very precaution has been taken, and with success, to insure that the building shall lack unity, shall lack harmony, shall lack repose and shall be a restless jumble.[6]

Hale's architectural office was destroyed in a March 23, 1896 fire.[7] He was a near-pauper in his later years, supported by the ever-loyal Weightman. He is buried just outside Philadelphia, in Fernwood Cemetery in Lansdowne, Pennsylvania.

A portfolio of photographs of Hale's work is at the American Philosophical Society.

Frank Furness

Hale is sometimes compared to his Philadelphia contemporary Frank Furness, whom he admired. But Hale's buildings tended to be derivative and decorative rather than innovative, half-a-decade behind the times rather than ahead of them, more concerned with surface ornament than ideas:

Hale's later fate was exemplary for the followers of Furness. For them, style was an affair of spectacular massing, audacious surfaces, and whimsical detail. ... Their walls were always more clever than their plans; when they were forced to change brick and brownstone arches for marble cornices, as the tastes of the nineties demanded, the new work showed seams. Overdone and uncertain at the same time, Hale's last works were executed for one or two loyal clients from the eighties.[8]

Noted Lancaster, Pennsylvania architect C. Emlen Urban (1863–1939) worked under Hale in the early 1880s.[9]

Selected works

Residences

  • Morris Fleisher house, 2223 Green Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (circa 1880).[10]
  • "Havod" (A. Loudon Snowden house), 429 West Montgomery Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania (1881).[11]
  • 2100-block North Uber Street rowhouses, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1885–86).[12]
  • 1500-block North 17th Street (west side), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1886).[13] Development of 29 rowhouses for Peter A. B. Widener and William L. Elkins.
  • Peter A. B. Widener mansion, northwest corner Broad Street & Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1887, burned 1980, demolished).
  • "Ravenhill" (William Weightman house), 3480-90 School House Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1887).[14] Now part of Thomas Jefferson University.
  • 4500-block Chester Avenue twins (south side), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1889).[15]
  • 4500-block Regent Street twins (north side) and rowhouses (south side), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1890).[16]
  • J. & Benjamin Ketcham house, 1708 Green Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1891–92).[17] Benjamin Ketcham's Sons was the contractor for the Hale Building (1887)

Commercial and institutional buildings

  • Philadelphia Home for Incurables, 48th Street and Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1880, demolished).[18]
  • St. Stephen Roman Catholic Church, 3805 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1884).[19]
  • Philadelphia Record Building, 917-19 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1886, demolished).[20][21]
  • Hale Building (a.k.a. Lucas Building or Keystone National Bank), 1326-28 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1887, expanded 1892, altered). Now Penfield Building.[22]
  • Three Banks (Quaker City National Bank; Commonwealth Title & Trust Company; Union Trust Co.), 713-21 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1888–89, altered).[23] Only the facade of Quaker City National Bank (721 Chestnut Street) survives.[24]
  • Weightman Building, 1524-26 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1889, burned 1896).[25] Hale's architectural office was destroyed in the fire.
  • Myers Building, 521-25 Main Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (1890).[26]
  • Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy, 1624-28 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1891, demolished).[27]
  • Heywood Chair Factory, 1010-14 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1892).
  • Divine Lorraine Hotel, Broad and Fairmount Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1894–96, interior gutted 2000s).
  • Garrick Theatre, 1330 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1900–01, demolished).[28] Built for Weightman, this 1,561-seat theater stood beside the Hale Building.
  • Powelton Apartments, 3500-20 Powelton Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (begun 1902).[29] The initial design is attributed to Hale, but the project was left unfinished; completed by Milligan & Weber in 1908.[30]

Gallery

  •  

    Morris Fleisher House, 2223 Green St., Philadelphia (circa 1880)

  •  

    2100-block N. Uber St., Philadelphia (1885–86)

  •  

    1500-block N. 17th St. (west side), Philadelphia, PA (1886). 29 rowhouses for Peter A. B. Widener and William L. Elkins

  •  

    Philadelphia Record Building (center), 917-19 Chestnut St., Philadelphia (1886, demolished).

  •  

    Heywood Chair Factory, 1010-14 Race Street, Philadelphia (1892)

  •  

    Divine Lorraine Hotel, Broad & Fairmount Sts., Philadelphia (1894–96, interior gutted 2000s).

  •  

    Peter A. B. Widener Mansion in 1973. It burned in 1980, and was demolished

  •  

    The Powelton, 3500–20 Powelton Avenue, 214–18 North 35th Street, and 215–21 North 36th Street, Philadelphia (1902–08)

References

Notes

  1. ^ Charles R. Deacon, ed., Biographical Album of Prominent Pennsylvanians (Philadelphia: Biographical Publishing Co., 1890)
  2. ^ Michael J. Lewis "'He was not a Connoisseur': Peter Widener and his House", Nineteenth Century, vol. 12, no. 3/4 (1993), p. 28
  3. ^ Three of Herzog's interior sketches are at the Carnegie Museum of Art.[1]
  4. ^ Webster, pp. 301-02.
  5. ^ Korom, Joseph J., Jr., The American Skyscraper, 1850-1940: A Celebration of Height (Wellesley, MA: Branden Books, 2008), p. 144.
  6. ^ Schuyler, Montgomery, "Architectural Aberrations," Architectural Record, vol. 9, pp. 207-10 (Oct.-Dec. 1893).
  7. ^ "Losses by Fire" The New York Times (March 24, 1896)
  8. ^ Lewis, Michael J. "Furness and the Arc of Fame," in Thomas, George E. et al., Frank Furness: The Complete Works (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996), pp. 128-29.
  9. ^ "National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania" (Searchable database). CRGIS: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System. Note: This includes Christopher Dawson (December 1997). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: W. W. Griest Building" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-02-25.
  10. ^ Fleisher house from Flickr
  11. ^ "Havod" from Bryn Mawr College.
  12. ^ 2100-block N. Uber St. from HABS
  13. ^ 1500-block N. 17th St. from HABS
  14. ^ "Ravenhill" from Philadelphia University.
  15. ^ 4520 Chester Ave. The Gables Bed & Breakfast
  16. ^ 4500 Regent St. University City Historical Society
  17. ^ Ketcham house from Flickr
  18. ^ "Home for Incurables" The Public Ledger, (September 24, 1880)
  19. ^ St. Stephen's Church from Bryn Mawr College
  20. ^ Philadelphia Record Building from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings.
  21. ^ Philadelphia Record Building from Flickr
  22. ^ Penfield Building (2008) from Flickr
  23. ^ Three Banks from Bryn Mawr College.
  24. ^ Quaker City National Bank (2007) from Flickr
  25. ^ Weightman Building from Bryn Mawr College
  26. ^ Myers Building from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
  27. ^ Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy from Bryn Mawr College
  28. ^ Garrick Theatre from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
  29. ^ The Powelton from University City Historical Society.
  30. ^ George E. Thomas and Carl E. Doebley, National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, The Powelton Apartments, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 13 December 1978.[2]

Bibliography

  • Eaton, Carol. Willis G. Hale, research paper, University of Pennsylvania, 1971.
  • Foss, James. Willis Gaylord Hale and Philadelphia's Rebellion of the Picturesque: 1880-1890, masters thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 1964.
  • Hale, Willis G. Some Selections from an Architect's Portfolio (n.d., probably c. 1893), copy at the American Philosophical Society.
  • Lewis, Michael J. Lewis "'He was not a Connoisseur': Peter Widener and his House", Nineteenth Century, vol. 12, no. 3/4 (1993).
  • Thomas, George E. "Architectural Patronage and Social Stratification in Philadelphia between 1840 and 1920," The Divided Metropolis: Social and Spatial Dimensions of Philadelphia, 1800-1975, eds. William W. Cutler and Howard Gillette (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980).
  • Thomas, George E. National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, Girard Avenue Historic District. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 13 May 1985.
  • Webster, Richard. Philadelphia Preserved: Catalog of the Historic American Buildings Survey (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1976).

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Willis G. Hale.
  • Willis G. Hale from Bryn Mawr College
  • Willis G. Hale from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
  • The Widener Mansion from phillyhistory.org
  • Peter A. B. Widener House from HABS
  • The Divine Lorraine Hotel from phillyhistory.org
  • Father Divine historical marker from ExplorePAhistory.com
  • Divine Lorraine Hotel from HABS
  • After the Fair: The Development of Parkside from phillyhistory.org

January 30, 2023
willis, hale, willis, gaylord, hale, january, 1848, seneca, falls, york, august, 1907, philadelphia, pennsylvania, late, 19th, century, architect, worked, primarily, philadelphia, pennsylvania, flamboyant, highly, ornate, style, popular, 1880s, 1890s, quickly,. Willis Gaylord Hale January 1848 Seneca Falls New York August 29 1907 Philadelphia Pennsylvania was a late 19th century architect who worked primarily in Philadelphia Pennsylvania His flamboyant highly ornate style was popular in the 1880s and 1890s but quickly fell out of fashion at the dawn of the 20th century Willis Gaylord Hale in 1901 Contents 1 Life and career 1 1 Frank Furness 2 Selected works 2 1 Residences 2 2 Commercial and institutional buildings 3 Gallery 4 References 5 External linksLife and career EditAccording to the Biographical Album of Prominent Pennsylvanians 1890 Willis Hale became an architect through training in a series of offices His preliminary education was obtained at the academy at Seneca Falls Cayuga Lake Academy at Aurora and at the Auburn High School where he finished his schooling While still a pupil he ran away to join the army but was too young to be enrolled and was compelled to forgo his patriotic resolve After quitting school he was given the choice of a three years course at Ann Arbor University to study engineering or an opportunity to study architecture His tastes inclining more to the latter profession he decided to adopt it and began study in Buffalo going later to Rochester and finally to Philadelphia where he entered the office of Samuel Sloan and later had Mr John McArthur Jr as his preceptor In 1873 he established himself in business at Wilkes Barre Pa but the troubles in the coal regions caused such a depression in all kinds of business that he returned on November 2 1876 to Philadelphia where he opened an office and met with almost immediate success 1 Hale married a niece of chemical manufacturer William Weightman the largest landowner in the city Hale designed dozens of blocks of middle class housing for Weightman especially in North and West Philadelphia His lively facades often contrasted sculpture tile inventive brick and stone work in an exuberant high Victorian style Hale s genius was to take essentially identical rowhouses with their mass produced industrial parts and lathe turned woodwork and to make them distinctive 2 He designed a country house for Weightman in West Germantown Ravenhill now part of Thomas Jefferson University Peter A B Widener Mansion Broad St amp Girard Ave Philadelphia PA 1887 demolished Widener s art gallery at far left also by Hale was added in 1892 He also designed urban developments for street car magnates Peter A B Widener and William L Elkins and a massive city house for Widener at the corner of Broad Street and Girard Avenue Widener s city house was one of the most notable in Philadelphia An ornate Flemish style eclectic design in highly wrought brownstone and brick it had a 53 foot 16 2 m facade on Broad Street and a 144 foot 43 9 m facade on Girard Avenue The over the top interiors were decorated by George Herzog and included buxom nudes as newel posts walls embellished with alabaster and bronze and murals of the Widener children in Renaissance dress 3 Almost an anachronism when completed in 1887 the family lived there only a dozen years before building a sedate neo Georgian palace in the suburbs Lynnewood Hall The city house served as a branch of the Free Library of Philadelphia 1900 1946 the offices of an architectural firm and in 1970 became the Conwell School of Theology s Institute for Black Ministries 4 It suffered a catastrophic fire in 1980 and was demolished In 1892 Hale designed the Lorraine Apartment House at Broad and Fairmount Streets in Philadelphia completed in 1894 Purchased by radio evangelist Father Divine in 1948 the building is now known as the Divine Lorraine Hotel Hale Lucas Building in 1889 Perhaps the most bizarre looking skyscraper of the nineteenth century 5 Hale designed numerous ornate office buildings in Center City Philadelphia but few survive unaltered He built his own office building at the southwest corner of Chestnut and Juniper Streets 1887 expanded 1892 altered an unsuccessful investment that almost bankrupted him The critic for the magazine Architectural Record declared it an architectural aberration Consider the Hale Building how it grows The problem was to erect a seven story office building with a narrow front on the principal street and with rooms devoted to similar purposes and of similar dimensions throughout The danger was that this uniformity would produce monotony There is nothing of which your Philadelphia architect is so afraid as of monotony In fact it is the only architectural defect of which he seems to go in fear Variety he must have at all cost and by securing variety he makes sure that he has avoided monotony whereas in truth his heterogeneousness is more tiresome than any repetition could be E very precaution has been taken and with success to insure that the building shall lack unity shall lack harmony shall lack repose and shall be a restless jumble 6 Hale s architectural office was destroyed in a March 23 1896 fire 7 He was a near pauper in his later years supported by the ever loyal Weightman He is buried just outside Philadelphia in Fernwood Cemetery in Lansdowne Pennsylvania A portfolio of photographs of Hale s work is at the American Philosophical Society Frank Furness Edit Hale is sometimes compared to his Philadelphia contemporary Frank Furness whom he admired But Hale s buildings tended to be derivative and decorative rather than innovative half a decade behind the times rather than ahead of them more concerned with surface ornament than ideas Hale s later fate was exemplary for the followers of Furness For them style was an affair of spectacular massing audacious surfaces and whimsical detail Their walls were always more clever than their plans when they were forced to change brick and brownstone arches for marble cornices as the tastes of the nineties demanded the new work showed seams Overdone and uncertain at the same time Hale s last works were executed for one or two loyal clients from the eighties 8 Noted Lancaster Pennsylvania architect C Emlen Urban 1863 1939 worked under Hale in the early 1880s 9 Selected works EditResidences Edit Morris Fleisher house 2223 Green Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania circa 1880 10 Havod A Loudon Snowden house 429 West Montgomery Avenue Haverford Pennsylvania 1881 11 2100 block North Uber Street rowhouses Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1885 86 12 1500 block North 17th Street west side Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1886 13 Development of 29 rowhouses for Peter A B Widener and William L Elkins Peter A B Widener mansion northwest corner Broad Street amp Girard Avenue Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1887 burned 1980 demolished Ravenhill William Weightman house 3480 90 School House Lane Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1887 14 Now part of Thomas Jefferson University 4500 block Chester Avenue twins south side Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1889 15 4500 block Regent Street twins north side and rowhouses south side Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1890 16 J amp Benjamin Ketcham house 1708 Green Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1891 92 17 Benjamin Ketcham s Sons was the contractor for the Hale Building 1887 Commercial and institutional buildings Edit Philadelphia Home for Incurables 48th Street and Woodland Avenue Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1880 demolished 18 St Stephen Roman Catholic Church 3805 North Broad Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1884 19 Philadelphia Record Building 917 19 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1886 demolished 20 21 Hale Building a k a Lucas Building or Keystone National Bank 1326 28 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1887 expanded 1892 altered Now Penfield Building 22 Three Banks Quaker City National Bank Commonwealth Title amp Trust Company Union Trust Co 713 21 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1888 89 altered 23 Only the facade of Quaker City National Bank 721 Chestnut Street survives 24 Weightman Building 1524 26 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1889 burned 1896 25 Hale s architectural office was destroyed in the fire Myers Building 521 25 Main Street Bethlehem Pennsylvania 1890 26 Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy 1624 28 Arch Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1891 demolished 27 Heywood Chair Factory 1010 14 Race Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1892 Divine Lorraine Hotel Broad and Fairmount Streets Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1894 96 interior gutted 2000s Garrick Theatre 1330 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1900 01 demolished 28 Built for Weightman this 1 561 seat theater stood beside the Hale Building Powelton Apartments 3500 20 Powelton Avenue Philadelphia Pennsylvania begun 1902 29 The initial design is attributed to Hale but the project was left unfinished completed by Milligan amp Weber in 1908 30 Gallery Edit Morris Fleisher House 2223 Green St Philadelphia circa 1880 2100 block N Uber St Philadelphia 1885 86 1500 block N 17th St west side Philadelphia PA 1886 29 rowhouses for Peter A B Widener and William L Elkins Philadelphia Record Building center 917 19 Chestnut St Philadelphia 1886 demolished Heywood Chair Factory 1010 14 Race Street Philadelphia 1892 Divine Lorraine Hotel Broad amp Fairmount Sts Philadelphia 1894 96 interior gutted 2000s Peter A B Widener Mansion in 1973 It burned in 1980 and was demolished The Powelton 3500 20 Powelton Avenue 214 18 North 35th Street and 215 21 North 36th Street Philadelphia 1902 08 References EditNotes Charles R Deacon ed Biographical Album of Prominent Pennsylvanians Philadelphia Biographical Publishing Co 1890 Michael J Lewis He was not a Connoisseur Peter Widener and his House Nineteenth Century vol 12 no 3 4 1993 p 28 Three of Herzog s interior sketches are at the Carnegie Museum of Art 1 Webster pp 301 02 Korom Joseph J Jr The American Skyscraper 1850 1940 A Celebration of Height Wellesley MA Branden Books 2008 p 144 Schuyler Montgomery Architectural Aberrations Architectural Record vol 9 pp 207 10 Oct Dec 1893 Losses by Fire The New York Times March 24 1896 Lewis Michael J Furness and the Arc of Fame in Thomas George E et al Frank Furness The Complete Works New York Princeton Architectural Press 1996 pp 128 29 National Historic Landmarks amp National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania Searchable database CRGIS Cultural Resources Geographic Information System Note This includes Christopher Dawson December 1997 National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form W W Griest Building PDF Retrieved 2012 02 25 Fleisher house from Flickr Havod from Bryn Mawr College 2100 block N Uber St from HABS 1500 block N 17th St from HABS Ravenhill from Philadelphia University 4520 Chester Ave The Gables Bed amp Breakfast 4500 Regent St University City Historical Society Ketcham house from Flickr Home for Incurables The Public Ledger September 24 1880 St Stephen s Church from Bryn Mawr College Philadelphia Record Building from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Philadelphia Record Building from Flickr Penfield Building 2008 from Flickr Three Banks from Bryn Mawr College Quaker City National Bank 2007 from Flickr Weightman Building from Bryn Mawr College Myers Building from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy from Bryn Mawr College Garrick Theatre from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings The Powelton from University City Historical Society George E Thomas and Carl E Doebley National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form The Powelton Apartments Philadelphia Pennsylvania 13 December 1978 2 Bibliography Eaton Carol Willis G Hale research paper University of Pennsylvania 1971 Foss James Willis Gaylord Hale and Philadelphia s Rebellion of the Picturesque 1880 1890 masters thesis Pennsylvania State University 1964 Hale Willis G Some Selections from an Architect s Portfolio n d probably c 1893 copy at the American Philosophical Society Lewis Michael J Lewis He was not a Connoisseur Peter Widener and his House Nineteenth Century vol 12 no 3 4 1993 Thomas George E Architectural Patronage and Social Stratification in Philadelphia between 1840 and 1920 The Divided Metropolis Social and Spatial Dimensions of Philadelphia 1800 1975 eds William W Cutler and Howard Gillette Westport CT Greenwood Press 1980 Thomas George E National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form Girard Avenue Historic District Philadelphia Pennsylvania 13 May 1985 Webster Richard Philadelphia Preserved Catalog of the Historic American Buildings Survey Philadelphia Temple University Press 1976 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Willis G Hale Willis G Hale from Bryn Mawr College Willis G Hale from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings The Widener Mansion from phillyhistory org Peter A B Widener House from HABS The Divine Lorraine Hotel from phillyhistory org Father Divine historical marker from ExplorePAhistory com Divine Lorraine Hotel from HABS After the Fair The Development of Parkside from phillyhistory org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Willis G Hale amp oldid 1105822506, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.