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Wikipedia

William Schutz

April 10, 2024

William Schutz (December 19, 1925 – November 9, 2002) was an American psychologist.[1][2]

Esalen Institute, circa 1987

Biography edit

Schutz was born in Chicago, Illinois.[1] He practiced at the Esalen Institute in the 1960s. He later became the president of BConWSA International. He received his Ph.D. from UCLA. In the 1950s, he was part of the peer-group at the University of Chicago's Counseling Center that included Carl Rogers, Thomas Gordon, Abraham Maslow and Elias Porter. He taught at Tufts University, Harvard University, University of California, Berkeley and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and was chairman of the holistic studies department at Antioch University until 1983.

In 1958, Schutz introduced a theory of interpersonal relations he called Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO). According to the theory three dimensions of interpersonal relations were deemed to be necessary and sufficient to explain most human interaction: Inclusion, Control and Affection. These dimensions have been used to assess group dynamics.

Schutz also created FIRO-B, a measurement instrument with scales that assess the behavioral aspects of the three dimensions. His advancement of FIRO Theory beyond the FIRO-B tool was most obvious in the change of the "Affection" scale to the "Openness" scale in the "FIRO Element-B". This change highlighted his newer theory that behavior comes from feelings ("FIRO Element-F") and the self-concept ("FIRO Element-S"). "Underlying the behavior of openness is the feeling of being likable or unlikeable, lovable or unlovable. I find you likable if I like myself in your presence, if you create an atmosphere within which I like myself."

W. Schutz authored more than ten books and many articles. His work was influenced by Alexander Lowen, Ida Pauline Rolf and Moshe Feldenkrais. As a body therapist he led encounter group workshops focussing on the underlying causes of illnesses and developing alternative body-centered cures. His books, "Profound Simplicity" and "The Truth Option," address this theme. He brought new approaches to body therapy that integrated truth, choice (freedom), (self) responsibility, self-esteem, self-regard and honesty into his approach.

In his books one encounters the concept of energy cycles (e.g. Schutz 1979) which a person goes through or call for completion. The single steps of the energy cycles are: motivation – prepare – act – feel.

Schutz died at his home in Muir Beach, California in 2002.[1]

Influences edit

While teaching and doing research at Harvard, the University of Chicago, the University of California at Berkeley, and other institutions, Schutz focused on psychology but also studied philosophy—in particular, the scientific method, the philosophy of science, logical empiricism, and research design (with both Hans Reichenbach and Abraham Kaplan). He also worked with Paul Lazarsfeld, the well-known sociologist and methodologist and Elvin Semrad, professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and clinical director in charge of psychiatric residency training at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center. For Schutz, Semrad was a key figure, "a brilliant, earthy psychoanalyst who became my main mentor about groups."

An avid student, Schutz also learned T-group methodology ("T" for training) at the National Training Laboratories (NTL) at Bethel, Maine, psychosynthesis, a spiritually oriented technique involving imagery, devised by an Italian contemporary of Freud named Roberto Assagioli, psychodrama with Hannah Weiner, bioenergetics with Alexander Lowen and John Pierrakos, Rolfing with Ida Rolf, and Gestalt Therapy with Paul Goodman. In his own words, "I tried everything physical, psychological, and spiritual—all diets, all therapies, all body methods, jogging, meditating, visiting a guru in India, and fasting for thirty-four days on water. These experiences counterbalanced my twenty years in science and left me with a strong desire to integrate the scientific with the experiential."

Writings edit

  • FIRO: A Three-Dimensional Theory of Interpersonal Behavior. New York, NY: Rinehart (1958)
  • Joy. Expanding Human Awareness (1967)
  • Here comes Everybody Harper & Row (1971)
  • Elements of Encounter (1973)
  • Body Fantasy (1976)
  • Leaders of Schools (1977)
  • Profound Simplicity. New York, NY: Bantam (1979)
  • The Truth Option. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press (1984)
  • Joy: Twenty Years Later. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press (1989)
  • "Beyond FIRO-B—Three New Theory Derived Measures—Element B: Behavior, Element F: Feelings, Element S: Self." Psychological Reports, June, 70, 915-937 (1992)
  • The Human Element: Productivity, Self-Esteem and the Bottom Line. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass (1994)

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c Ancestry.com: Social Security Death Index Accessed June 19, 2009
  2. ^ Los Angeles Times Obituary Accessed June 19, 2009

External links edit

  • About Will Schutz

April 10, 2024
william, schutz, december, 1925, november, 2002, american, psychologist, esalen, institute, circa, 1987, contents, biography, influences, writings, notes, external, linksbiography, editschutz, born, chicago, illinois, practiced, esalen, institute, 1960s, later. William Schutz December 19 1925 November 9 2002 was an American psychologist 1 2 Esalen Institute circa 1987 Contents 1 Biography 2 Influences 3 Writings 4 Notes 5 External linksBiography editSchutz was born in Chicago Illinois 1 He practiced at the Esalen Institute in the 1960s He later became the president of BConWSA International He received his Ph D from UCLA In the 1950s he was part of the peer group at the University of Chicago s Counseling Center that included Carl Rogers Thomas Gordon Abraham Maslow and Elias Porter He taught at Tufts University Harvard University University of California Berkeley and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and was chairman of the holistic studies department at Antioch University until 1983 In 1958 Schutz introduced a theory of interpersonal relations he called Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation FIRO According to the theory three dimensions of interpersonal relations were deemed to be necessary and sufficient to explain most human interaction Inclusion Control and Affection These dimensions have been used to assess group dynamics Schutz also created FIRO B a measurement instrument with scales that assess the behavioral aspects of the three dimensions His advancement of FIRO Theory beyond the FIRO B tool was most obvious in the change of the Affection scale to the Openness scale in the FIRO Element B This change highlighted his newer theory that behavior comes from feelings FIRO Element F and the self concept FIRO Element S Underlying the behavior of openness is the feeling of being likable or unlikeable lovable or unlovable I find you likable if I like myself in your presence if you create an atmosphere within which I like myself W Schutz authored more than ten books and many articles His work was influenced by Alexander Lowen Ida Pauline Rolf and Moshe Feldenkrais As a body therapist he led encounter group workshops focussing on the underlying causes of illnesses and developing alternative body centered cures His books Profound Simplicity and The Truth Option address this theme He brought new approaches to body therapy that integrated truth choice freedom self responsibility self esteem self regard and honesty into his approach In his books one encounters the concept of energy cycles e g Schutz 1979 which a person goes through or call for completion The single steps of the energy cycles are motivation prepare act feel Schutz died at his home in Muir Beach California in 2002 1 Influences editWhile teaching and doing research at Harvard the University of Chicago the University of California at Berkeley and other institutions Schutz focused on psychology but also studied philosophy in particular the scientific method the philosophy of science logical empiricism and research design with both Hans Reichenbach and Abraham Kaplan He also worked with Paul Lazarsfeld the well known sociologist and methodologist and Elvin Semrad professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and clinical director in charge of psychiatric residency training at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center For Schutz Semrad was a key figure a brilliant earthy psychoanalyst who became my main mentor about groups An avid student Schutz also learned T group methodology T for training at the National Training Laboratories NTL at Bethel Maine psychosynthesis a spiritually oriented technique involving imagery devised by an Italian contemporary of Freud named Roberto Assagioli psychodrama with Hannah Weiner bioenergetics with Alexander Lowen and John Pierrakos Rolfing with Ida Rolf and Gestalt Therapy with Paul Goodman In his own words I tried everything physical psychological and spiritual all diets all therapies all body methods jogging meditating visiting a guru in India and fasting for thirty four days on water These experiences counterbalanced my twenty years in science and left me with a strong desire to integrate the scientific with the experiential Writings editFIRO A Three Dimensional Theory of Interpersonal Behavior New York NY Rinehart 1958 Joy Expanding Human Awareness 1967 Here comes Everybody Harper amp Row 1971 Elements of Encounter 1973 Body Fantasy 1976 Leaders of Schools 1977 Profound Simplicity New York NY Bantam 1979 The Truth Option Berkeley CA Ten Speed Press 1984 Joy Twenty Years Later Berkeley CA Ten Speed Press 1989 Beyond FIRO B Three New Theory Derived Measures Element B Behavior Element F Feelings Element S Self Psychological Reports June 70 915 937 1992 The Human Element Productivity Self Esteem and the Bottom Line San Francisco CA Jossey Bass 1994 Notes edit a b c Ancestry com Social Security Death Index Accessed June 19 2009 Los Angeles Times Obituary Accessed June 19 2009External links editAbout Will Schutz Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title William Schutz amp oldid 1181059120, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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